Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer
Vauxhall Movano
LDV Convoy
Denumire automobil
Lungime [mm]
Lime [mm]
nlime [mm]
6948
1996
2635
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
6945
1993
2790
5899
1990
2465
6940
1993
2705
6403
1995
2380
5599
2024
2470
Toyota Hiace
5380
1880
2285
Peugeot Boxer
6363
2093
2964
Vauxhall Movano
5899
1990
2490
10
LDV Convoy
5540
1980
2570
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5
TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer
Vauxhall Movano
LDV Convoy
Ampatament [mm]
3950
4325
4078
Ecartament fata[mm]
1724
1735
1730
4325
4178
3700
3110
4035
4078
3200
1725
1732
1810
1680
1810
1750
1720
1688
1675
1790
1665
1790
1730
1710
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Consola fa [mm]
1499
1004
1073
1350
1183
Consola spate[mm]
1499
1615
748
1265
1042
6
7
8
9
10
948
1190
948
842
980
951
1080
1380
1006
1360
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer
Vauxhall Movano
LDV Convoy
Masa total[kg]
3500
3500
3900
3397
3312
3750
3400
3500
3500
3850
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer 2.2 HDi 130
Vauxhall Movano 2.5 CDTi
LDV Convoy
Capacitate cilindric
[cc]
2287
2148
2464
2461
2375
2800
2982
2198
2463
1998
Putere maxim[kw]
100
110
88
100
103
93
100
96
84
85
Nr. Crt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer 2.2 HDi 130
Vauxhall Movano 2.5 CDTi
LDV Convoy
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer 2.2 HDi 130
Vauxhall Movano 2.5 CDTi
LDV Convoy
Trasarea histogramelor
Se alege parametrul pentru care se va realiza histograma. Se calculeaz urmtorii parametri:
x =
max
V min
1 + 3,322 log n
k = V max V min
x
(1.1)
(1.2)
n= numrul de modele similare, n=10
k= numr de subintervale
x =
k=
max
V min
1 + 3,322 log n
152 113
= 9,02
1 + 3,322 log10
152 113
= 4,33 => aproximm k=4
9
numar modele
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
120
135
150
viteza maxima [km/h]
165
Viteza maxim medie se situeaz n jurul valorii de 140 km/h, ns foarte rar se
ajunge la aceste viteze, automobilul proiectat fiind destinat n general traficului urban, iar
dac masa total depete 3500 kg, automobilul este limitat la 90 km/h.
Repartitia numrului de modele n funcie de parametri dimensionali:
Lungime
3.5
numar modele
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
5725
6150
6575
7000
lungime [mm]
numar modele
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1915
1980
2045
latime [mm]
2110
Inaltime
4.5
numar modele
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2475
2650
2825
3000
inaltime [mm]
numar modele
5
4
3
2
1
0
3425
3750
4075
ampatament [mm]
4400
Ecartament fata
8
numar modele
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1700
1750
1800
1850
Ecartament spate
7
numar modele
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1690
1730
1770
1810
numar modele
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
975
1150
1325
1500
numar modele
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
950
1200
1450
1700
numar modele
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2175
2450
2725
3000
numar modele
5
4
3
2
1
0
85
95
105
putere maxima[kW]
115
Moment maxim
7
numar modele
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
215
270
325
380
numar modele
5
4
3
2
1
0
2150
2400
2650
10
2900
Masa utila
3.5
numar modele
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1075
1250
1425
1600
numar modele
Masa totala
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
3475
3650
3825
4000
11
12
13
14
Subansamblu
Masa
[kg]
bar fa
capot fa
aripi fa
stlpi fa
parbriz
oglinzi
ui fa
lonjeroane + podea
stlpi centrali
plafon
panouri laterale
stlpi spate
ui spate
aripi spate
geamuri ui spate
bar spate
geamuri laterale (suprafa vitrat lateral)
panouri laterale partea de sus
caroserie
10
15
16
12
20
3
80
500
25
200
148
20
70
32
10
10
50
70
1291
z
473.0988
1205.2887
991.5185
1996.2175
1813.8973
1393.574
872.5675
326.9327
1466.0973
2601.3898
852.1273
1585.2366
972.0258
968.2875
1736.6103
458.8545
853.3714
2332.9708
[mm*kg]
x*m
-6954.425
-6468.486
-3572.5968
8392.386
6875.684
1269.8895
58405.88
1049488.6
33153.4925
662497.52
425611.3404
105582.862
378819.539
153668.0192
54164.412
50204.209
143787.615
232697.073
3347623.014
Subansamblu
Masa
[kg]
15
[mm*kg]
z*m
4730.988
18079.3305
15864.296
23954.61
36277.946
4180.722
69805.4
163466.35
36652.4325
520277.96
126114.8404
31704.732
68041.806
30985.2
17366.103
4588.545
42668.57
163307.956
1378067.787
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17
G18
G19
G20
1
2
3
4
15
7
250
90
x
-830.7257
-639.0277
-427.0184
94.62
z
690.9578
1004.5821
736.253
451.3984
x*m
-12460.8855
-4473.1939
-106754.6
8515.8
z*m
10364.367
7032.0747
184063.25
40625.856
roi fa
40
355.91
14236.4
6
7
caset de direcie
ambreiaj +schimbtor viteze
12
70
-225.2003
374.9317
-133.3052
737.0382
-2702.4036
-9331.364
4499.1804
51592.674
50
355.91
17795.5
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
baterie
bord
scaun ofer
scaune rnd 1
scaune rnd 2
scaune rnd 3
scaune rnd 4
scaune rnd 5
punte spate(sistem franare + cadru+
suspensie)
25
20
15
30
30
30
30
30
-331.8387
185.6708
1118.0066
1929.5367
2662.2697
3394.4947
4156.395
5058.2982
1101.7341
1195.6345
1007.4295
1007.492
1007.5545
1007.9295
1007.992
1007.4294
-8295.9675
3713.416
16770.099
57886.101
79868.091
101834.841
124691.85
151748.946
27543.3525
23912.69
15111.4425
30224.76
30226.635
30237.885
30239.76
30222.882
4199.9375
356.0899
1007985
85461.576
4199.9375
4955.5561
5423.8084
1033.7148
2593.0464
1855.2743
2591.565
3325.2052
4089.7796
4992.6389
1899.1121
1625.8711
2358.6649
3091.0791
3852.9794
4754.6326
356.0899
464.9835
1253.8754
1249.8434
1067.4421
1249.7809
1250.3435
1249.8434
1250.281
1249.7184
465.3673
641.9735
641.9735
641.9735
641.9735
641.9735
167997.5
14243.596
99111.122
32542.8504
77528.61
3347622.902
378475.9572
528679.26
678341.8608
834315.0384
1018498.336
94955.605
36582.09975
53069.96025
69549.27975
86692.0365
106979.2335
9299.67
7523.2524
93738.255
1378067.751
254955.3036
255070.074
254968.0536
255057.324
254942.5536
23268.365
14444.40375
14444.40375
14444.40375
14444.40375
14444.40375
17
240
18
roi spate
40
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
roat de rezerv
stopuri
conductor
caroserie
pasageri rnd 1
pasageri rnd 2
pasageri rnd 3
pasageri rnd 4
pasageri rnd 5
rezervor 1/2 plin
bagaje rnd 1
bagaje rnd 2
bagaje rnd 3
bagaje rnd 4
bagaje rnd 5
20
6
75
1291
204
204
204
204
204
50
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.5
16
G1
G2
G3
G4
G10
G5
G6
G11
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G21
G20
G15
G16
G17
G18
G19
G20
G21
G22
G23
G24
G25
G26
G27
G28
G29
34
sistem de evacuare
autovehicul gol(cu sofer)
autovehicul incrcat
20
2486
3598.5
736.1629
298.0248
14723.258
5243477.577
9034660.639
5960.496
2165491.671
3512706.998
G30
Se prevede ca pasagerii sa poat transporta cu ei 7,5 kg fiecare, nefiind loc pentru alte bagaje pe culoar sau n spatele scaunelor din ultimul rnd.
17
Z Gcar =
X jmj
mj
Z jm j
mj
3347623,014
= 2593,0464 (5.1)
1291
1378067,787
= 1067,4421 (5.2)
1291
ZG0 =
X jm j
mj
Z jmj
mj
5243477,577
= 2109,2025 (5.3)
2486
2165491,671
= 871,0746 (5.4)
2486
X jmj
mj
Z jmj
ZG =
mj
9641421,307
= 2551,6531 (5.5)
3778,5
3737705,817
= 989,2036 (5.6)
3778,5
b
1648,3469
Ga =
3778,5 = 1482,9235 daN (5.7)
L
4200
G2 =
a
2551,6531
Ga =
3778,5 = 2295,5764 daN (5.8)
L
4200
G10 =
b0
2090,7075
G0 =
2486 = 1237,4997 daN (5.9)
L
4200
G20 =
a0
2109,2025
G0 =
2486 = 1248,4470 daN (5.10)
L
4200
L=4200 mm
Ga =3778,5 daN
18
G0 =2486 daN
Verificarea capacitii de trecere i a stabilitii longitudinale
Unghiul pantei maxime:
tg p = p p = arctg ( p ) = arctg (
32
) = 17,7446 (5.11)
100
tg patinare
1648,3469
4200
= x
= 0,75
= 0,434305278 patinare = 23,47556065
989,2036
1
1
4200 0,75
L x
b
L
hg
(5.12)
Expresia unghiului de rsturnare:
p rasturnare = arctg (
a
2551,6531
) = arctg
= 68,8100995 (5.13)
hg
989,2036
p rasturnare > patinare > p 68,81 > 23,47 > 17,74 (5.14)
19
Nr. Crt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Denumire automobil
Iveco Daily 2.3 D
Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
Renault Master 2.5 dCi
Volkswagen Crafter 2.5 TDi
Ford Transit 2.4 TDCi
Fiat Ducato 2.8 Jtd
Toyota Hiace
Peugeot Boxer 2.2 HDi 130
Vauxhall Movano 2.5 CDTi
LDV Convoy
Dimensiuni anvelope
195/75R16 102-104Q
235/70R16 106-108P
195/65R16 108P
235/65R16 106-108P
195/70R15 102-104P
225/55R16 108P
195/80R15 S
225/70R16 104-106P
195/65R16 104-106P
205/80R14 102-104P
20
Tip pneu
Diagonal cord metalic
cord textil
Radial
seciune foarte
joas
seciune joas
superbalon
f0 [-]
1,3295 10-2
1,3854 10-2
1,6115 10-2
f01 [h/km]
-2,8664 10-5
-1,21337 10-5
-9,9130 10-5
f02 [h2/km2]
1,8036 10-7
1,6830 10-7
2,3214 10-7
f04 [h3/km3]
0,00
0,00
0,00
1,6110 10-2
1,8360 10-2
-1,0002 10-5
-1,8725 10-5
2,9152 10-7
2,9554 10-7
0,00
0,00
f = f 0 + f 01v + f 02 v 2 (7.1)
Pentru calcule de evaluare aproximativ, n funcie de natura i starea cii:
v
[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
f0 [-]
f01 [h/km]
f02 [h2/km2]
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
21
f
0.0161100000
0.0160391320
0.0160265680
0.0160723080
0.0161763520
0.0163387000
0.0165593520
0.0168383080
0.0171755680
0.0175711320
0.0180250000
0.0185371720
0.0191076480
0.0197364280
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
v[km/h]
A[m2]
1,0 ... 1,3
1,6 ... 2,8
1,5 ... 2,0
3,5 ... 7,0
3,0 ... 5,3
3,5 ... 8,0
Tip autovehicul
Autoturism sport
Autoturism cu caroserie inchisa
Autoturism cu caroserie deschisa
Autobuz
Autocamion cu platforma deschisa
Autofurgon
cx
0,20 ... 0,25
0,30 ... 0,50
0,65 ... 0,80
0,70 ... 0,80
0,90 ... 1,0
0,60 ... 0,75
1
2
a C x v x A (7.2)
2
22
unde A este aria seciunii transversale maxime, a este densitatea aerului, v x este viteza
relativ a aerului fa de autovehicul, Fax este fora aerodinamic longitudinal.
23
A2 A1
100 = 3,773%
A2
24
Tipul autovehiculului
0,88 0,92
0,91 0,95
0,90
0,85
0,80
25
Rrul V
[kW] (8.2) puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei la rulare
360
Ga =3598.5 daN
cos p = 1
26
v
[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
f0 [-]
f01 [h/km]
f02 [h2/km2]
Rrul
Prul[kW]
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
0.01611
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
-0.000010002
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
2.9152E-07
0.0161100000
0.0160391320
0.0160265680
0.0160723080
0.0161763520
0.0163387000
0.0165593520
0.0168383080
0.0171755680
0.0175711320
0.0180250000
0.0185371720
0.0191076480
0.0197364280
57.9718350000
57.7168165020
57.6716049480
57.8362003380
58.2106026720
58.7948119500
59.5888281720
60.5926513380
61.8062814480
63.2297185020
64.8629625000
66.7060134420
68.7588713280
71.0215361580
0
1.603244903
3.203978053
4.819683362
6.467844741
8.165946104
9.931471362
11.78190443
13.73472921
15.80742963
18.01748958
20.382393
22.91962378
25.64666583
27
Rezistenta la rulare
80
70
Rrul[daN]
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
100
110
120
130
v[km/h]
Fig.8.1.Rezistena la rulare
Puterea necesara invingerii rezistentei la rulare
30
Prul[kW]
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
v[km/h]
Se observ din tabel c rezistena la rulare crete odat cu viteza de la valoarea minim de
60,8 daN pn la valoarea maxim de 74,5 daN, iar puterea crete de la 0 (valoare
corespunztoare rezistenei de 60,8 daN) pn la 26,9 (valoare corespunztoare valorii
maxime a rezistenei de 74,5 daN).
R p V
360
G a sin p
360
V [kW] (8.6)
Tabel 8.2. Rezistena la pant
panta p[%]
[grade]
Rp[daN]
Ga[daN]
-10
-5.71
-375.922965
3598.5
3598.5
10
5.71
375.922965
3598.5
32
17.7446
1151.30895
3598.5
sin
-0.0995
0
0.09949
0.3047
Rp[daN]
800
600
panta de -10%
400
panta 0
200
panta de 10%
0
-200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-400
-600
v[km/h]
29
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
sinp
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
-0.0995
Ga[daN]
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
Pp[kW]
0
-9.9459
-19.892
-29.838
-39.783
-49.729
-59.675
-69.621
-79.567
-89.513
-99.459
-109.4
-119.35
-129.3
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
sinp
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ga[daN]
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
Pp[kW]
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
sinp
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
Ga[daN]
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
30
Pp[kW]
0
9.94485
19.8897
29.8346
39.7794
49.7243
59.6691
69.614
79.5588
89.5037
100
110
120
130
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
0.09949
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
99.4485
109.393
119.338
129.283
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
sinp
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
0.3047
Ga[daN]
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
3598.5
Pp[kW]
0
30.4573
60.9146
91.3719
121.829
152.287
182.744
213.201
243.658
274.116
304.573
335.03
365.488
395.945
Ppanta[kW]
400
300
panta -10%
200
panta 0%
100
panta 10%
panta 32%
0
-100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-200
v[km/h]
P =
R V
360
Ga V
[kW ] (8.8)
360
Tabel 8.7.Rezistena total din partea drumului si puterea necesar nvingerii ei la panta de -10%
v
[km/h] Rrul[daN]
60.87163
0
5
10
60.60386
60.55638
20
7
60.72921
30
6
61.12234
40
6
61.73577
50
8
62.56951
60
2
63.62354
70
7
64.89788
80
4
66.39252
90
2
68.10746
100
3
70.04270
110
4
72.19824
120
8
74.57409
130
3
Rpanta -10%[daN]
R [daN]
P[kW]
-375.9
-375.9
-315.028365
-315.2961397
0
-8.7582
-375.9
-315.3436128
-17.519
-375.9
-315.1707842
-26.264
-375.9
-314.777654
-34.975
-375.9
-314.1642221
-43.634
-375.9
-313.3304885
-52.222
-375.9
-312.2764532
-60.72
-375.9
-311.0021163
-69.112
-375.9
-309.5074777
-77.377
-375.9
-307.7925375
-85.498
-375.9
-305.8572956
-93.456
-375.9
-303.701752
-101.23
-375.9
-301.3259068
-108.81
Tabel 8.8.Rezistena total din partea drumului si puterea necesar nvingerii ei la panta de 0%
v
[km/h] Rrul[daN]
60.87163
0
5
10
60.60386
60.55638
20
7
60.72921
30
6
61.12234
40
6
61.73577
50
8
Rpanta 0[daN]
R [daN]
P[kW]
0
0
60.871635
60.60386026
0
1.68344
60.55638719
3.36424
60.72921578
5.06077
61.12234603
6.79137
61.73577795
8.57441
32
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
62.56951
2
63.62354
7
64.89788
4
66.39252
2
68.10746
3
70.04270
4
72.19824
8
74.57409
3
62.56951153
10.4283
63.62354678
12.3712
64.89788369
14.4218
66.39252226
16.5981
68.1074625
18.9187
70.0427044
21.4019
72.19824797
24.0661
74.5740932
26.9295
Tabel 8.9.Rezistena total din partea drumului si puterea necesar nvingerii ei la panta de 10%
v
[km/h] Rrul[daN]
60.87163
0
5
10
60.60386
60.55638
20
7
60.72921
30
6
61.12234
40
6
61.73577
50
8
62.56951
60
2
63.62354
70
7
64.89788
80
4
66.39252
90
2
68.10746
100
3
70.04270
110
4
72.19824
120
8
74.57409
130
3
Rpanta 10%[daN]
R [daN]
P[kW]
375.9
375.9
436.771635
436.5038603
0
12.1251
375.9
436.4563872
24.2476
375.9
436.6292158
36.3858
375.9
437.022346
48.558
375.9
437.635778
60.7827
375.9
438.4695115
73.0783
375.9
439.5235468
85.4629
375.9
440.7978837
97.9551
375.9
442.2925223
110.573
375.9
444.0074625
123.335
375.9
445.9427044
136.26
375.9
448.098248
149.366
375.9
450.4740932
162.671
Tabel 8.10.Rezistena total din partea drumului si puterea necesar nvingerii ei la panta de 32%
33
v
[km/h] Rrul[daN]
60.87163
0
5
10
60.60386
60.55638
20
7
60.72921
30
6
61.12234
40
6
61.73577
50
8
62.56951
60
2
63.62354
70
7
64.89788
80
4
66.39252
90
2
68.10746
100
3
70.04270
110
4
72.19824
120
8
74.57409
130
3
R [daN]
P[kW]
1151.3
1151.3
1212.171635
1211.90386
0
33.664
1151.3
1211.856387
67.3254
1151.3
1212.029216
101.002
1151.3
1212.422346
134.714
1151.3
1213.035778
168.477
1151.3
1213.869512
202.312
1151.3
1214.923547
236.235
1151.3
1216.197884
270.266
1151.3
1217.692522
304.423
1151.3
1219.407463
338.724
1151.3
1221.342704
373.188
1151.3
1223.498248
407.833
1151.3
1225.874093
442.677
R[daN]
1000
800
panta de -10%
600
panta de 0%
400
panta de 10%
200
panta de 32%
0
-200
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-400
v[km/h]
34
300
panta -10%
200
panta 0%
100
panta 10%
panta 32%
0
0
-100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-200
v[km/h]
Fig.8.7.Puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei totale din partea drumului la valori diferite ale pantei
Ga dv
[daN ] (8.9)
g dt
Ga = 3598,5daN
dv
este acceleraia autovehiculului
dt
= 1 + ( M + A + R )
M+A =
isv + i0
2
1
(8.10) este coeficientul de influen al maselor aflate n micare de
ma
rotaie
J ma t
rr
micare din motor
R =
J ri
rr
1
(8.11) coeficient ce arat influena ineriei pieselor aflate n
ma
1
(8.12) coeficient ce arat influena ineriei roilor
ma
= 1 + (0,05 + 0,03)
1
= 1,00002 > 1
3598,5
Valorile M + A i R vor fi alese n funcie de masa autovehiculului. Pentru o mas de 2486 kg,
valorile aproximative vor fi M + A =0,05, R =0,03.
35
n fiecare treapt de vitez autovehiculul va avea alt acceleraie. Pentru schimbtor de viteze
cu 5 trepte se va alege o vitez pentru nceputul fiecrei trepte, astfel:
v1 = 0
v 2 = 20 km/h
v3 = 50 km/h
v 4 = 90 km/h
v5 = 130 km/h
Pd =
Rd V
[kW ] (8.13) puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei la demarare
360
Tabel 8.11.Variaia rezistentei la demarare i puterii de demarare n funcie de vitez i
acceleraie
V[km/h]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
a[m/s]
2.4
2
1.8
1.4
1
0.8
0.68
0.61
0.6
0.58
0.55
0.3
0.02
Rd
[daN]
863.657
719.714
647.743
503.8
359.857
287.886
244.703
219.513
215.914
208.717
197.921
107.957
7.19714
36
Pd[kW]
23.9904798
39.984133
53.97857955
55.9777862
49.98016625
47.9809596
47.58111827
48.78064226
53.97857955
57.97699285
60.47600116
35.9857197
2.598968645
a[m/s2]
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
v[km/h]
Rd[daN]
800
600
400
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
v[m/s]
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
v[km/h]
37
k A Vx
Ra =
[daN ] (8.14) rezistena aerului
13
k =0,06125Cx = 0,06125 0,65=0,0398125 (8.15) - coeficient aerodinamic
A este aria seciunii transversale maxime
Vx=V+Vvcosv [km/h] (8.16) - viteza total relativ a vntului fa de autovehicul
Vv viteza vntului, n calcul va avea valorile -15, 0, 15 km/h
v - unghiul fcut de direcia pe care bate vntul i direcia pe care se deplaseaz
autovehiculul, n calcul va fi 0.
Pa =
Ra V
[kW ] (8.17) puterea necesar nvingerii rezistenei aerului
360
38
Tabel 8.12.Rezistena aerului la diferite valori ale vitezei vntului, i puterile corespunztoare
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Ra[daN] (Vv=15km/h)
3.3564
0.3729
0.3729
3.3564
9.3234
18.2739
30.2078
45.1252
63.0262
83.9106
107.7785
134.6299
164.4647
197.2831
Ra[daN] (Vv=0
km/h)
0.0000
1.4917
5.9670
13.4257
23.8679
37.2936
53.7028
73.0954
95.4716
120.8312
149.1744
180.5010
214.8111
252.1047
Ra[daN]
(Vv=15km/h)
3.3564
9.3234
18.2739
30.2078
45.1252
63.0262
83.9106
107.7785
134.6299
164.4647
197.2831
233.0850
271.8703
313.6391
39
Pa[kW](Vv=15km/h)
0.0000
0.0104
0.0207
0.2797
1.0359
2.5380
5.0346
8.7744
14.0058
20.9776
29.9385
41.1369
54.8216
71.2411
Pa[kW](Vv=0km/h) Pa[kW](Vv=15km/h)
0.0000
0.0000
0.0414
0.2590
0.3315
1.0152
1.1188
2.5173
2.6520
5.0139
5.1797
8.7536
8.9505
13.9851
14.2130
20.9569
21.2159
29.9177
30.2078
41.1162
41.4373
54.8009
55.1531
71.2204
71.6037
90.6234
91.0378
113.2586
250.0000
Vv=-15 km/h
200.0000
Vv=0
150.0000
Vv=15 km/h
100.0000
50.0000
0.0000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
v[km/h]
80.0000
Vv=-15 km/h
60.0000
Vv= 0
Vv=15 km/h
40.0000
20.0000
0.0000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
v[km/h]
40
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
R
[daN]
60.87
60.60
60.56
60.73
61.12
61.74
62.57
63.62
64.90
66.39
68.11
70.04
72.20
74.57
Rd [daN]
0.00
863.65
719.71
647.74
503.80
359.85
287.88
244.70
219.51
215.91
208.71
197.92
107.95
7.19
Ra[daN] (Vv=0
km/h)
0.00
1.49
5.97
13.43
23.87
37.29
53.70
73.10
95.47
120.83
149.17
180.50
214.81
252.10
41
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
v[km/h]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
v[km/h]
42
Model
Iveco Daily 2.3D
Transit 2.4TDci
Volkswagen Crafter
2.5TDi
ca =
M max
> 1 (9.1)
Mp
ce =
nM
< 1 (9.2)
np
ce =
1800
= 0,5 < 1
3600
ca =
3 ce
= 1,25 > 1
2
Capacitate cilindric
[cc]
2287
2375
Putere
maxim[kw]
100
103
Moment maxim
[Nm]
320
375
2461
100
330
v[km/h]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Ptotala[kW]
0
25.71484
43.67574
60.14957
65.41337
63.73411
67.3588
74.1642
84.4177
100.7759
118.326
137.025
131.6498
120.5573
43
PV max =
Ga f Vmax + K A Vmax
= 46,28kW
1000 t
3 4 ce
=1
2(1 ce )
2 ce
=1
2(1 ce )
1
= 1
2(1 ce )
Pmax =
PV max
= 105.78kW
nm
nm 2
nm 3
( ) + ( ) + ( )
np
np
np
M max = 9550
Pmax
[ Nm]
n
n
P( n ) = Pmax
n p
M ( n ) = 9550
+ n
np
2
3
n
+
np
P( n )
n
n[rpm]
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
P
27.56955
31.40344
35.27814
39.18005
43.09556
47.01107
50.91297
54.78767
58.62156
62.40104
66.1125
69.74234
73.27695
76.70274
80.0061
83.17342
86.19111
89.04556
91.72316
94.21031
96.49342
M
329.111471
333.225365
336.906217
340.154027
342.968796
345.350524
347.29921
348.814855
349.897459
350.547021
350.763542
350.547021
349.897459
348.814855
347.29921
345.350524
342.968796
340.154027
336.906217
333.225365
329.111471
44
alfa
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
beta
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
gama
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
98.55886
100.3931
101.9824
103.3133
104.372
105.1452
105.619
105.78
105.6145
105.1089
104.2496
103.023
101.4156
324.564536
319.58456
314.171543
308.325484
302.046383
295.334241
288.189058
280.610833
272.599567
264.15526
255.277911
245.967521
236.224089
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
400
350
300
250
200
150
putere
moment
100
50
0
80
0
11
00
14
00
17
00
20
00
23
00
26
00
29
00
32
00
35
00
38
00
41
00
Putere[kW],Moment[Nm]
turatia[rot/min]
45