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GURU GOBIND SINGH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT STUDIES, YAMUNA NAGAR
DECLARATION
I, Poonam, a bonafide student of MBA, Guru Gobind Singh Institute of Technology & Management Studies, Yamuna Nagar hereby declare that the material embodied in this project entitled CONSUMER PERCEPTION REGARDING NEWS PAPER & MAGAZINE is an organized and original piece of work conducted by me and same has not been submitted in any other university or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma in any discipline.
Poonam
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Gratitude Is Not A Thing Of Expression; It Is More A Matter Of Feeling. I take this opportunity to express my profound debts of gratitude and obligations, to honorable Director, Dr. P.P. Singh, Guru Gobind Singh Institute of Technology & Management Studies, Yamuna Nagar, for his most valuable help at all stages of my work. His learned advice and guidance always kindled inspiration in the face of difficulties encountered in the course of this project work. I am also thankful to my mentor Mr. Pankaj Arora, (Assistant Professor) of MBA Department. Guru Gobind Singh Institute of Technology & Management Studies, Yamuna Nagar, for allowing me to work on this project works and for her kind help always.
I am also thankful to the respondents, all my friends for their kind and valuable guidance, whom I consulted for my present work.
(POONAM)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincerest gratitude to Mr. Vishal Sharma for his encouragement, support and cooperation extended to me during my stay at Times of India, Chandigarh.
I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Vishal Sharma for answering all the queries and to provide me with invaluable insight and guidance for my project, making it a great learning experience.
I am thankful to all the employees at Times of India, Chandigarh. For providing me all the information and help I required for the completion of this project.
I would also like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr. Pankaj Arora for providing us the opportunity to do summer internship in his esteemed organisation.
Executive summary
Companies often make investment in shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, etc. The sum of all such investments outstanding at the end of the balance sheet date is captured in this data field. There is one exception. Investments made by investment companies that are engaged entirely, or essentially, in the business of purchase and sale of securities for making profits from these are not included in this data field. Investments of such companies are treated as stock in trade and not investments. Investments by all other companies are included in this data field. The investments could be in equity shares, preference shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, or other investments such as in immovable properties, capital of partnership firms, etc. They could be for long-term or short-term purposes. The total value of all such investments is captured in this data field. Total investments (this data field) are reported net of dimunition of the value of investments. However, their break-up, in terms of equity shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, etc is reported on a gross basis. This is the manner in which information is usually disclosed by companies in their Annual Reports. Book value and market of quoted investments are captured separately. Other desegregations of investments are by trade and non-trade nature of the investments and the value of marketable securities. The capture of such information is of course, subject to disclosures by the companies in their audited Annual Reports.
Indian print media is one of the largest print media in the world. The history of it started in 1780, with the publication of the Bengal Gazette from Calcutta.
History
James Augustus Hickey is considered as the "father of Indian press" as he started the first Indian newspaper from Calcutta, the Calcutta General Advertise or the Bengal Gazette in January, 1780. In 1789, the first newspaper from Bombay, the Bombay Herald appeared, followed by the Bombay Courier next year (this newspaper was later amalgamated with the Times of India in 1861). The first newspaper in an Indian language was the Samachar Darpan in Bengali, The first issue of this daily was published from the Serampore Mission Press on May 23, 1818. In the same year, Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya started publishing another newspaper in Bengali, the Bengal Gazetti. On July 1, 1822 the first Gujarati newspaper the Bombay Samachar was published from Bombay, which is still extant. The first Hindi newspaper, the Samachar Sudha Varshan began in 1854. Since then, the prominent Indian languages in which papers have grown over the years are Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and Bengali. The Indian language papers have taken over the English press as per the latest NRS survey of newspapers. The main reasons being the marketing strategy followed by the regional papers, beginning with Eenadu, a telegu daily started by Ramoji Rao. The second reason being the growing literacy rate.Increase in the literacy rate has direct positive effect on the rise of circulation of the regional papers. The people are first educated in their mother tongue as per their state in which they live for e.g. students in Maharashtra are compulsory taught Marathi language and hence they are educated in their state language and the first thing a literate person does is read papers and gain knowledge and hence higher the literacy rate in a state the sales of the dominating regional paper in that state rise. The next reason being localization of news. Indian regional papers have several editions for a particular State for complete localization of news for the reader to connect with the paper.
Malayala Manorama has about 10 editions in Kerala itself and six others outside Kerala. Thus regional papers aim at providing localized news for their readers. Even Advertisers saw the huge potential of the regional paper market, partly due to their own research and more due to the efforts of the regional papers to make the advertisers aware of the huge market.
OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, we will be able to do the following : identify the different forms of print media; discuss the history of early printing; describe the evolution of newspapers in India; differentiate between print and electronic journalism.
NEWSPAPERS
Print media generally refers to newspapers. Newspapers collect, edit and print news reports and articles. There are newspapers published in the evening also. They are called eveningers.
HISTORY OF PRINTING
Have you seen a palm leaf? There was a time when people used to write on palm leaves. This was before the discovery of paper. Some of the old manuscripts written on palm leaves are preserved in our National Manuscript Library in Delhi.
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SIZE OF NEWSPAPERS
You may have noticed the fact that all newspapers are not of the same size; some are big, some small and some are very small. Newspapers are classified into three categories according to their size. They are broadsheets, tabloids and Berliners or Midis. Morning newspapers are generally broadsheets. They are big in size. In India, all major newspapers are broadsheets. Examples include The Times of India and Hindustan Times.Tabloids are only half the size of broadsheets. In India most of the evening papers are tabloids. Examples are Mid-day and Metro Now.Presently some of the new morning papers have also adopted the tabloid format.
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Hindi,(fifteen editions):21,11,316 The largest circulated periodical: The Hindu, English, Weekly, Chennai (Printed f rom 12 different Printing Press) :11,02,783
Metrics
Newspapers in India are measured on two parameters, circulation and readership. Circulation is certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations which is an industry body. It audits the paidfor circulation of the member newspaper companies.
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for companies who would look forward to advertise their products or services keeping in mind the strength of the readers nationwide. Since a newspaper is the first thing that most of the citizens of the country go through early in the morning, it stands at an advantage of making its stand in full view of the massive number of readers. The more the readers or viewers of the advertisements, the more impact that the advertisements have made in the minds of the people.An Indian English newspaper being the most read newspaper in the country, most of the companies highlighting their services and products for the citizens, targets these newspapers for the showcase of their services. Newspapers act as the ideal method of public relations due to its strength as the best way of communication. Pitch on Net is an online advertising portal that highlights various forms of advertisements and marketing services. Its website
http:/Iwww.pitchonnet,conhi provides complete details on various modes of advertising and marketing, including newspaper as a powerful tool: As per Indian Readership Survey 2011, of the top 24 most read English. dailies, only six registered a gain in readership. Mint, HT Media's business daily, grew the most, posting a 15.67% growth in readership. This, is however, not counting Metro Now, which grew its readership by 103%, but has since been discontinued as a daily by its joint promoters Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd and HT Media Ltd. DNA, which grew 11.37%, comes second. The New Indian Express, lost 14.19% of its readers, followed by The Indian Express, which lost 11.370 /0. Here's the complete picture:
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English Newspapers
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Company profile
The Times of India (TOI) is an English-language daily newspaper in India. It has the largest circulation among all English-language newspapers in the world, across all formats (broadsheet, tabloid, compact, Berliner and online). It is owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the year 2008, the newspaper reported that (with a circulation of over 3.14 million) it was certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (India) as the world's largest selling Englishlanguage daily newspaper, placing as the 8th largest selling newspaper in any language in the world. According to the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2010, the Times of India is the most widely read English newspaper in India with a readership of 70.35 lakhs (7.035 million). This ranks the Times of India as the top English newspaper in India by readership. According to ComScore, Indiatimes (and not TOI online) is the world's most-visited newspaper website with 159 million page views in May 2009, ahead of the New York Times, The Sun, Washington Post, Daily Mail and USA Today websites[citation needed.
History
The Times Of India was founded on 3 November 1838 as 'The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce' In Mumbai, during the British Raj. Published every Saturday and Wednesday, The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce was launched as a semi-weekly edition. It contained news from Britain and the world, as well as the Indian Subcontinent. The daily editions of the paper were started from 1850 and in 1861, the Bombay Times was renamed
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The Times of India. In the 19th century this newspaper company employed more than 800 people and had a sizable circulation in India and Europe. It was after India's Independence that the ownership of the paper passed on to the then famous industrial family of Dalmiyas and later it was taken over by Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain of the Kunal Jain group from Bijnore, UP. India's press in the 1840s was a motley collection of small-circulation daily or weekly sheets printed on rickety presses. Few extended beyond their small communities and seldom tried to unite the many castes, tribes, and regional subcultures of India. The Anglo-Indian papers promoted purely British interests. Robert Knight (18251892) was the principal founder and the first editor of the Times. The son of a London bank clerk from the lower-middle-class, Knight proved a skilled writer and passionate reformer. Knight helped create a vibrant national newspaper industry in British India. When the Sepoy Mutiny erupted, Knight was acting editor of the Bombay Times and Standard. He broke with the rest of the English language press (which focused on Indian savagery and treachery) and instead blamed the violence on the lack of discipline and poor leadership in the army. That angered the Anglo community, but attracted the Times's Indian shareholders, who made him the permanent editor. Knight blasted the mismanagement and greed of the Raj, attacking annexation policies that appropriated native lands and arbitrarily imposed taxes on previously exempt land titles, ridiculing income taxes, and exposing school systems that disregarded Indian customs and needs. Knight led the paper to national prominence. In 1860, he bought out the Indian shareholders and merged with the rival Bombay Standard, and started India's first news agency. It wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the Indian agent for Reuters news service. In 1861, he changed the name from the Bombay Times and Standard to the Times of India. Knight fought for a press free of prior restraint or intimidation, frequently resisting the attempts by governments, business interests, and cultural spokesmen. The Times of India is published by the media group Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. This company, along with its other group companies, known as The Times Group, also publishes The Economic Times, Mumbai Mirror, Pune Mirror, Bangalore Mirror, Ahmedabad Mirror, the Navbharat Times (a Hindi-language daily broadsheet), the Maharashtra Times (a Marathi-language daily broadsheet).
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In late 2006, Times Group acquired Vijayanand Printers Limited (VPL). VPL used to publish two Kannada newspapers Vijay Karnataka and Usha Kiran and an English daily Vijay Times. Vijay Karnataka was the leader in the Kannada newspaper segment then. In January 2007, the Kannada edition was launched in Bangalore and in April 2008 the Chennai edition was launched. Their main rivals in India are The Hindu and Hindustan Times, which hold second and third position by circulation.
Coimbatore Delhi Goa Gurgaon Hubli Hyderabad Jaipur Kanpur Kolkata Lucknow Mumbai Madurai Mysore Nagpur Noida Patna Rajkot Ranchi Surat Thane Thiruvananthapuram Vadodara Varanasi
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Supplements
The Times of India comes with several city-specific supplements, such as Delhi Times, Bombay Times, Hyderabad Times, Lucknow Times, Nagpur Times, Bangalore Times, Pune Times, Ahmadabad Times and Chennai Times, The Times of South Mumbai.
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The June 26, 2010 front page of the Mumbai edition of The Times of India
Type
Daily newspaper
Format
Broadsheet
Owner
Publisher
Editor-in-chief
Jaideep Bose
Associate editor
Jug Suraiya
Founded
3 November 1838
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Political alignment
Conservative
Language
English
Times House Headquarters 7 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110002
Circulation
3,146,000 Daily
Sister newspapers
OCLC number
23379369
Official website
Timesofindia.com
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Main Businesses: Its main business and major brands The Times of India- first
morning compact daily.
Subsidiaries: Its subsidiary companies are-TPT, TIML Golden Square, Times Syndication
service, TIL & ENT, TGB and WWM etc.
The Times Group (BCCL): BCCL: is the largest media services conglomerate in India. It reaches out from: 11 publishing centers, 15 printing centers, 55 sales offices, Over 7000 employees,5 dailies including two of the largest in the country with approx 4.3 million copies circulated daily, 2 lead magazines, 29 niche magazines, Reaching 2468 cities and towns, 32 Radio Stations,
MISSION
Create & build brands with differentiated content to capture relevant audiences and market the value of these to advertisers to help them sell and strengthen their brands.
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1.3.2 SWOT ANALYSIS Table 1.3.2 showing SWOT of The Times of IndiaINTERNAL FACTORS STRENGTHS
Oldest newspaper (1838). Big Brand, good reputation in the minds of customer. 1st rank in circulation in India & 8th in world. Invitational prices. Launches good campaign. Daily English newspaper with rich supplements. Good support from Times group companies. World class printing machine-
WEAKNESSES
Late & repeated news Less information about stock market Grammar and vocabulary mistakes. Pictures of nude girls Late circulation in small cities Lake in covering useful news for competitive students
Geoman, Goss
OPPORTUNITY
Literacy rate increases day by day. People focus more on education etc. English is international language. Everyone wants to learn it.
THREATS
People are getting knowledge form Internet,
career, T.V., Radio etc. Day by day readership of The Hindustan (2 position) and The Hindu (3 position) increases very fast.
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CURRENT RATIO Current ratio may be defined as the relationship between current assets and current liabilities.
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Years March 2008 March 2009 March 2010 Current Assets (A) 11115.99 15642.79 23551.85 Current Liabilities (B) 21396.16 25227.88 38228.64 Current Ratio (A/B) 0.51 0.62 0.61
0.62
0.61
0.51
2008
2009 Years
2010
Interpretation:The liquidity position of Standard Chartered Bank has improved over the period of time. However, the rule of thumb for this ratio is 2:1, organizations current ratio is more than 2 from last two years. It shows strong liquidity position of organization become stronger
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DEBT EQUITY RATIO This ratio indicates the extent to which debt is covered by shareholders funds. It reflects the relative position of the equity holders and the lenders and indicates the companys policy on the mix of capital funds. The debt to equity ratio is calculated as follows: Debt equity ratio= external equity\ internal equity
Interpretation: Generally, debt-equity ratio of 2:1 is considered safe. If the debt-equity ratio is more than that, it shows a rather risky financial position from the long-term point o view. High debtequity ratio is a danger sign for the long-term lenders.
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FUNDED DEBT TO TOTAL CAPITALIZATION RATIO The ratio establishes a link between the long term fund raised from outsiders and total long term fund available in the fund .
Funded debt to total capitalization ratio= Funded debt\ Total capital Years Funded debt Total capital Funded debt to total capitalization ratio March 2008 March 2009 March 2010 335444960 385219136 512560263 464444672 610779052 759192907 72.22% 63.37% 67.51%
Funded debt to total capitalization ratio 75.00% Funded debt 70.00% to total 65.00% capitalizatio 60.00% n ratio 55.00% 2008 2009 year 2010
Interpretation: The lesser the ratio, the reliance on outsiders the better it will be if this ratio is up to 50% or 55%, this ratio may be to tolerable and not beyond in this case we can say that the Insurance Company is more depended on outsider funds.
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Years
Interpretation: The main objective of this ratio is to find out the difference between operating profit and reported profit. So that expenses after the operating profit should be reduced and company declares higher dividend to its shareholders.
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DIVIDEND PER SHARE (D.P.S.) Profits remaining after payment of tax and preference dividend are available to equity share holders. D.P.S. is the dividend distributed to equity shareholders dividend by the number of equity share. Dividend paid to equity share holders D.P.S. = No. of equity shares
Years
D.P.S.
Interpretation: This ratio indicates that company declare higher dividend to its shareholders and very second year increases the dividend per share. It shows the higher profit earning capacity of the company.
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SOLVENCY RATIO Solvency ratio indicates the relationship between the total liabilities to outsiders to total assets. Solvency Ratio= Total liability to outsiders\ Total assets Years Total liability to outsiders Total assets Solvency Ratio
Solvency Ratio 93.00% Solvency 92.00% Ratio 91.00% 90.00% 2008 2009 year 2010
Interpretation: Lower the ratio of total liability to total assets, more satisfactory or stable is the solvency position of company, but in Insurance Company case this rule is not applicable because the Insurance Company is depend on outside funds. In this the solvency ratio is near 92%.
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RETURN ON EQUITY CAPITAL RATIO This ratio is more meaning full to the equity shareholder who are interested to know profits earns by the company and those profit which can be made available to pay dividend to them. Return on equity ratio=Net profit after interest & tax - preference dividend / Equity. Share capital
Years
Net profit after interest & Equity share capital tax preference dividend
Return
on
equity ratio
200 8
200 9 yea r
201 0
Interpretation: Generally, higher the ratio is better. In Standard Chartered Bank the return on equity capital is increased every year.
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Comparative Balance Sheet March 2010 Sources of funds Owner's fund 899.34 --350.00 23,413.92 Loans funds --2,30,510.19 2,55,173.45 Uses of funds Fixed Assets 6,298.56 --2,375.14 3,923.42 189.66 91,257.84 Net current assets 23,551.85 38,228.64 -14,676.78 --80,694.15 Notes: ----1,99,771.41 8992.67 March 2009
Equity share capital Share application money Preference share capital Reserves & surplus Secured loans Unsecured loans Total
Gross Block Less: revaluation reserve Less: accumulated depreciation Net Block Capital work-in-progress Investments
Current asses, loans & advances Less: current liabilities & provisions Total net current assets Miscellaneous expenses not written Total Book value of unquoted investments Market value of quoted investments Contingent liabilities Number of equity share outstanding (Lacs)
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Profit Loss Account March 2010 Income Operating income 28,457.13 Expenses Material consumed Manufacturing expenses Personnel expenses Selling expenses Administrative expenses Expenses capitalised Cost of sales Operating profit Other recurring income Adjusted PBDIT Financial expenses Depreciation Other write offs Adjusted PBT Tax Charges Adjusted PAT Non recurring items Other non cash adjustments Reported net profit Earnings before appropriation Equity dividend Preference dividend Dividend tax Retained earnings ----1,616.75 1,741.63 4,946.69 --8,305.07 3,793.56 309.17 4,102.73 16,358.50 544.78 --3,557.95 984.25 2,995.00 115.22 --3,110.22 3,403.66 901.17 --153.10 2,349.39 ----1,082.29 840.98 2,727.18 --4,650.45 3,269.94 466.02 3,735.96 9,597.45 623.79 --3,112.17 556.53 2,532.95 7.12 --2,540.07 2,728.30 759.33 --106.50 1,862.46 17,517.83 March 2009
11,838.10
----737.41 601.71 1,248.31 --2,587.43 2,679.78 448.46 3,128.25 6,570.89 590.36 --2,537.88 522.00 2,007.28 -2.08 --2,005.20 2,058.29 632.96 --90.10 1,335.22
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART-B
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTIONS
CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER - 3
INDUSTRY PROFILE
CHAPTER - 4
COMPANY PROFILE
CHAPTER - 5
CHAPTER - 6
CHAPTER - 7
CHAPTER - 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURE: QUESTIONNAIRE
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PROJECT INTRODUCTION
The Times of India (TOI) is one of the leading newspapers in India. It is the largest circulated English newspaper in India. It represents the growing influence of Indian middleclass and the value of English education in the country. The Chief Manager of advertising at The Times of India was evaluating effectiveness of its campaign in building The Times of India as a national brand. Most of the advertising in the past has been functional in nature. It has concentrated on promoting Times of India as a brand with functional elements like largest circulated English newspaper; most up market newspaper; the newspaper with a grip on future and other relevant functional attributes which are common for a newspaper. Recently they have shifted to emotional platform where the newspaper is being projected as something that chronicles the aspirations of Indians. It reflects struggle, turbulence, success and failure in an Indians life. He was wondering whether such an advertising campaign will help in changing the outlook of people towards the newspaper. He needs to evaluate the rationale and come up with answers to few of the questions.
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ESTABLISH IN1834
The Times of India has not been able to compete with The Hindustan Times in Delhi in spite of its best efforts. It is extremely frustrated due to this and it is desperately trying to increase its circulation. In order to do this it has fallen to lowest possible standards and is employing shockingly indecent means. It has gone berserk. It has no consideration for the rules, regulations and laws of the nation. It simply does not bother about them. It is indulging in criminal activities. It daily fills its supplement 'Delhi Times' with photographs of almost naked women. If a woman's private part and nipples are covered, that is sufficient clothing for her in the opinion of TOI. It thinks that it increases its circulation whereas the reality is entirely different from this. In any society about 99 percent people are households who live in families and who do not like it. Only one percent people may be sexually dissatisfied and pervert who might have a liking for such obscene matter. When a normal household needs erotic material, he buys a yellow book and uses it in his private or he watches a blue film in the privacy of his bed room. People want to keep their sex life separate from their public life. Nobody wants a mindless mixture of the two. Even an illiterate person understands this but not TOI. Life in India is already difficult and the people are busy in making the two ends meet. They do not have time or energy to oppose. A few people protest but TOI doesn't listen or reply to their protests. TOI thinks that the people like its ugly reporting whereas the fact is that they are tolerating it as they do not have any alternative. The Times of India is about 150 years old newspaper. It has seen best of the times. Isn't it a pity that in these 150 years it could not develop enough maturity so that it could understand that the purpose of any publication especially of the stature of TOI is to teach good moral values to the society and inculcate better virtues of life in its countrymen rather than blindly running after money? It could have set an example for others to follow, it could have been a model publication which people admired and appreciated. Alas, it is all out to spoil and damage the moral fabric of our society and country! Rich and influential people and organizations in India are normally above the law otherwise the publication of Times of India by now would have been stopped and its publishers and editors would have been behind bars, given the way TOI is openly violating the laws of this nation.
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1838: The first edition appears on November 3, 1838, known as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce. The newspaper is published twice a week under Editor J.E. Brennan. It is basically a city paper reflecting the interest of Bombay's business community. 1846-1857: The newspaper changes hands and George Bust, LL.D, F.R.S., becomes the editor of the Times from 1840-57. [ 1850: Shareholders decide to increase the share capital and the paper is converted into a daily. 1859: Bombay Standard and Chronicle of Western India merges into The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce to form Bombay Times & Standard. 1861: Editor Robert Knight amalgamates The Bombay Times & Standard and Bombay Telegraph & Courier to form The Times of India and gives it a national character. 1880: The Times of India Weekly Edition is launched. This was later called The Times of India Illustrated Weekly and finally as The Illustrated Weekly of India in 1923. 1890: Editor Henry Curwen buys The Times of India in partnership with Charles Kane. 1892: Following the death of Henry Curwen, Thomas Jewell Bennett becomes the editor and enters into a partnership with F.M. Coleman to form a joint stock company - Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. (BCCL). 1907: In the newspaper's first price war under editor Stanley Reed, the price is cut from 4 annas to 1 Anna, and circulation rises 5 times. 1946: For the first time, the paper transfers to Indian ownership. Ram Krishna Dalmia buys out Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd for Rs. 2 crores. 1948: Sahu Jain Group becomes the owners of the company after Dalmia sells the firm to recover 2.5 crores he needs to pay back to an insurance company. Sahu Shanti Prasad Jain, son-in-law of Ram Kishan Dalmia, becomes the first chairman of the group.
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1950: Delhi edition is launched with K. Gopalswami as the first Indian editor. 1952: Film fare launched and started by J.C Jain, the first Indian to be the GM of TOI.[10] 1959: Famine is launched. 1960: Sahu Ramesh Chandra Jain joins BCCL 1961: The Economic Times is launched. 1982: Samir Jain joins BCCL. 1984: Times of India, Bombay set up modernised newsroom (including new look classified pages) 1985: Times of India, Delhi set up modernised newsroom (including new look classified pages) 1985: Nandita Jain joins BCCL and started Saturday Times (in colour) 1986: Vineet Jain join BCCL after came back to Delhi (finishing his education). 1986: Times of India and Navbharat times, Patna edition started. 1987: Printing of the Times of India from Kandivili Press. 1990: The Times School of Marketing is established as an in-house training school to feed the group 1991: BBC features The Times of India among the world's six great newspapers. 1993: BCCL starts production of television software. 1996: The Times of India crosses 1 million marks in circulation. 1998: BCCL enters into music market with Times Music. 1999: India times web portal launched; BCCL enters music retailing business with Planet M.
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2000: The Times of India crosses the 2 million mark in circulation. 2000: Timesofmoney - JV with Citibank. 2001: Radio Mirchi - Nationwide Private FM Broadcasting. 2001: 360 Degrees - Event Management Arm launched. 2002: Times Outdoor - Outdoor Advertising & Billboard Marketing. 2003: Times Classifieds - Classifieds site catering to web audiences, the group publications and also publications from other countries like Sri Lanka. 2004: Launch of the Times Private Treaties - The Innovative Branding Solution from The Times Group stable. Launch of the Jobs portal Times Jobs. Television Business launched with the launch of a lifestyle and entertainment channel called z00m. 2005: Launch of a Matrimonial website TimesMatri 2006: Launch of a television News Channel called Times Now in collaboration with Reuters. Radio Mirchi holding company ENIL (Entertainment Network India Limited) lists on the Indian stock markets. It is the first Times Group Company to List on the bourses. Launch of a Property services Portal Magic Bricks TimesMatri is rebranded as Simply Marry A new holding company by the name of TBSL is created. This company controls the brands Times Jobs Simply Marry (earlier called TimesMatri) and Magic Bricks Times of Money launches Remit2Home, to cater to Global Remittance Market
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2007: Launch of The Times of India - Kannada Launch of Bangalore Mirror Launch of Ahmedabad Mirror Planet M Retail taken over by Videocon Group 2008: Launch of SimplyMarryZine.com Launch of The Times of India, Chennai Edition. Launch of Pune Mirror Acquisition of Virgin Radio (now known as Absolute Radio) in the UK Launch of Times of India - Goa, along with Goa Mirror. However the Goa edition has relatively less coverage of happenings in Goa. 2009: Launch of ET Now - A business news channel 2010 Launch of The Times of India, Coimbatore Edition Launch of Vijay next Canada Weekly magazine
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The advertising campaigns can be classified as a set of unified and well planned programs in which the finger is on the pulse of the audience. The advertising campaign of TOI tries to touch every Indians life. They have moved from functional, circulation based advertising claims to establish an emotional chord with readers. They have used a set of emotions from hard realty to humor; from slice of life creative to those celebrate a day in an average Indians life. The common thread has been a distinct true to India style, which has led to appreciations from readers and a host of awards in various advertising functions. The campaigns represent the period in which we live. The 50 years of freedom campaign launched in 1997 subtly brought out the various facets of life in India. The advertisements have highlighted the Indian-ness in all the campaigns and reflected how TOI is a part of this great journey of Indian-ness Now they need to move ahead and develop a campaign which can highlight their success and also build similar brand values across all the newspapers and supplements.
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Brands
Its major brands include: The Times of India, World's largest English-language broadsheet daily newspaper in terms of circulation. The Economic Times, India's largest financial daily, and the world's second largest in terms of circulation after The Wall Street Journal Maharashtra Times, Marathi daily Navbharat Times, Hindi Daily in Delhi and Mumbai Sandhya Times, Hindi Daily Evening Tabloid in Delhi Mumbai Mirror India's largest circulated compact newspaper Kolkata Mirror Ahmadabad Mirror Pune Mirror Bangalore Mirror, Bangalore's first morning compact daily Times Private Treaties, Partnering Ideas. Accelerating Growth. Vijaya Karnataka, India's largest Kannada daily. ZigWheels, India's largest Automobile magazine. The Times of India competes with HT Media, the media conglomerate that owns of Englishlanguage newspaper Hindustan Times and the Hindi daily Hindustan. Those two alone had a daily readership of 12.7 million according to their website.
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Subsidiaries
The Times Group subsidiary companies include:
TIL
Times Internet Limited which has India times portal
Times of Money
Times of Money which has Remit2India - Personalized Remittance service from Times of Money. A flagship brand of Times of Money, Remit2India facilitates money transfers to India for NonResident Indians from around the world. It has fast achieved the distinction of being Indias largest Remittance service provider with the widest delivery network. Window2India - An exclusive service for Non-Resident Indians! An amalgamation of products, services and information, Window2India is a comprehensive destination for Non-Resident Indians to shop, gift and stay up-to-date. Value-added services on the website include gifting opportunities for families back in India. Remit2Home - Keeping with the success of Remit2India, Times of Money launched Remit2Home, a leading global money transfer service provider. Envisioned to
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become the largest global market player in over 80 countries, Remit2Home offers specialized web-based Remittance and financial services. Times Card - Indias first entertainment credit card service. Tailored to match a fanciful lifestyle, the Times Card couples luxury and convenience into an unmatchable combination. Exclusive Times Card offers include personalized invitations to high profile events like Femina Miss India, Film fare Awards, blockbuster movie premiers, live concert performances and celebrity parties. DirecPay DirecPay is among the largest payment gateway solutions service providers in India. It is a revolutionary bank-neutral payment processor for online merchants in India. DirecPay acts as a one-stop payment gateway solution for merchants who conduct online transactions or e-commerce. It enables them to go beyond the method of accepting payments through cash, cheques and demand drafts with ease. Merchants can accept online payments through various pay modes including Credit Card, Debit Card, Internet Banking and Mobile Payments.
VPL
VPL, Bangalore Publisher of Vijay Karnataka
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Absolute Extreme radio station on DAB digital radio), Absolute Radio 90s and Absolute Classic Rock. This company is a direct subsidiary of BCCL (not through TIML or ENIL).
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Brand Newspapers, magazines and websites The Times of India The Economic Times Maharashtra Times Navbharat Times Mumbai Mirror Pune Mirror Kolkata Mirror Bangalore Mirror The Times of India - Kannada Times Private Treaties ET Chandigarh The Illustrated Weekly of India Parag (magazine) Vijay Times Vijaya Karnataka ZigWheels
Times Global Broadcasting Times Now ET Now Zoom Movies Now Lead India
Times Infotainment & Entertainment Network India Radio Mirchi 360 Degrees Times Outdoors Mirchi Movies Limited
Times Business TBSL Times Jobs Simply Marry Magic Bricks Yolist Ads2Book Peer Power
World Wide Media Film fare Film fare Awards Film fare Awards South Femina Femina Miss India Top Gear India Hello BBC Good Homes Femina Hindi Grazia What to Wear
TIML Radio Limited Absolute Radio Absolute Classic Rock Absolute 80s Absolute Radio 90s
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Background(Magazines)
The Times of India is a leading English-language broadsheet daily Magazine in India. It is owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. Magazines in India are measured on two parameters, circulation and leadership. The magazine has the widest circulation among all English-language broadsheets in the world. In 2010, the magazine reported that (with a circulation of over 3.14 million copies) it was certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations as the world's largest selling English broadsheet magazine and making them as the 8th largest selling magazine in any language in the World. According to Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2010-R2, it has gained readership by 13.3 million ranking them as the Top English Magazine in India by readership. Regional Supplements: The Times of India comes with several city-specific supplements, such as Delhi Times, Calcutta Times, Bombay Times, Hyderabad Times, Kanpur Times, Lucknow Times, Nagpur Times, Bangalore Times, Pune Times, Ahmedabad Times and Chennai Times, The Times of South Mumbai, The Times of Doon, Meerut Plus, Haridwar Plus, Bhopal Plus.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Every research which is conducted in today's era has been inspired by some of researcher which are conducted before. I am also influenced to do, so I selected this topic for research.
According to Samrat Zaveri, CEO of Trend smith, "Research shows that the Indian jewellery sector is in the transition phase with consumers' desire for possession of jewellery for its aesthetic appeal and not as a form of investment." According to Singh (2001) in his study entitled Consumer Behavior and Jewellery products, an analysis stress that consumer attitude is an important factor for the purchasing behavior towards jewellery.
In October 2002, Trend smith conducted a survey to understand the shifting needs, motivations and aspirations of consumers in the jewellery market, and to identify new trends and opportunities. The research study arrived at the following conclusions:
The younger generation was looking at trendy, contemporary jewellery and clearly avoiding heavy, traditional gold jewellery.
Source: Mr. Mehul Choksi (Chairman & CEO, Gitanjli Group) At International Diamond Conference- Mines to Market.
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The TVC, which has been designed by Lowe India, showcases the various emotions that are associated with jewellery. For instance, when a woman buys jewellery, she feels joyful or when one sees the jewellery in the showroom, there is an element of wonder. Tanishq, through the TVC, seeks to develop an emotional connect with the consumer. Source: Gayatridevi N (Ex-Research Associate, The ICFAI Knowledge center, Hyderabad), The ICFAI Journal of Brand Management, March 2006.
Introduce four key brand perception measures (Relevance, Confidence, and Differentiation & Growth) and show how these correlate with use intention. It is observed that these results can be linked to other position, value and process metrics to provide actionable insights leading to enhanced purpose intention. Source: Sean Corcoran and Shigeo Okazaki and Map, March 2005, Issue 459, pp 44-48.
Proposes a set of strategic options for green brand positioning, based either on functional brand attribute or emotional benefits and aims to test the suggested positioning strategies one against another. Result achieved through a green positioning strategy which combined functional attributes with emotional benefits. Source: Patrick Hartmann, Vanessa Apoalaza Ibanez and F.Javior Marketing intelligence and planning, vol 23, 2005, pp 9-29. Forcada Saing,
The paper looks at the role of brand credibility (Trustworthiness and Expertise) on brand choice and consideration across multiple product characteristics that vary with potential uncertainty about attributes, information acquisition costs and perceived risk of consumption. Amongst other finding, it is suggested that trustworthiness has a greater impact on consumer choice than expertise. Source: Tulin Erdan and Joffre Swait, Journal of consumer research, vol 31, June 2004, pp 191-198.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement search of knowledge through objective & systematic method of finding solution to the problem of research. Every project requires genuine research. Success of any project & getting genuine results from that depends upon the research method used by the research.
DEFINITION
A careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge. The faction that provide base to the research are : Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits. Desire to face challenge in solving the unsolved problem. Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work. Desire to be of service to the society. Desire to get respectability.
Objectives of Research
To study the different promotional schemes used by newspaper agencies. To study the impact of promotion schemes on students. To know the behavior of students regarding newspapers. To study the awareness level of students related to newspaper promotional schemes. To give suggestions to newspaper agencies regarding their promotional schemes.
SAMPLING DESIGN
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. There are many sample design from which a researcher can choose. Researchers must prepare /select a sample design which should be reliable and appropriate for his research only.
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Sampling Unit The first step in developing any sample design is to clearly define the set of objectives technically called universe to be studied. The universe of my study includes Times of India, Indian Express, Hindustan Times, The Tribune and Economics times. Sample Size This refers to the organizations surveyed. As large samples are more reliable and my area of research was mobile companies to get the response of their employees, therefore: Sample Size Type Of Question Instrument Used Area covered Type Of Universe : : : : : 100 Close-ended & Open-ended Questionnaire, Personal Interviews Yamuna Nagar, Mohali, Chandigarh, Delhi Finite
Sampling Technique
This refers to procedure by which the organizations have been chosen. This is : Non-Random Sampling: Convenience Sampling Judgment Sampling
Scope of Study
The fundamental to the success of any formal research is sound research design. Descriptive Research Design is used in my research. The scope of the research is to study the Effectiveness of Promotional Schemes launched by different newspapers for targeting students.
Area Of Study
Area of my research is Mohali, Chandigarh, Delhi and Yamuna Nagar.
DATA COLLECTION
The task of data collection begins after a research problem is being defined and research design chalked out.
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Data types a) Primary Sources b) Secondary Sources a) Primary Sources : The primary data are those which are collects fresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. b) Secondary Sources : The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone and which have already been passed through the statistical process.
SECONDARY SOURCE Books, Journals, Magazines, Newspaper, Reports, Internet. In order to collect the information for the research study I used the questionnaire which had both open-ended and close-ended questions. The questionnaire was filled by the researcher herself because most of the workers were not able to go through the questionnaire. The questions were explained to them in Hindi and the replies were sought. So filling-up of the questionnaire was followed with the brief interview with the worker. Personal observations are also obtained by visiting work place, canteen, workmen shelters and various department of the industries.
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Inspites of the hurdles was a good time for learning experience and exposure to atmosphere and culture but there are certain limitations that every researcher have to face during the research period. I had find 1. The study has been completed during a short span while carrying my own studies. So it was not possible to study the problems well in details. 2. 3. Respondents were not serious about filling the questionnaire. Respondents were lacking in education about questionnaire because of which they took time 4. 5. It is also very hard to pursue an employee to share his feelings about their company. To contact senior officers was also difficult as they were always busy. So we had to wait for them.
6.
Some respondents did not responded and some did not filled the questionnaire completely but, finally I should say that I thoroughly enjoyed the project work.
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1.
Option Yes No
Reading of Newspaper
0% Yes No 100%
Interpretation : From above Graph it is clear that all the respondent which are surveyed are reading newspaper.
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2.
Option Times of India Hindustan times The economic times The Indian express The Tribune
Respondents
Times of India
Hindustan times
The Tribune
Interpretation : The above graph shows that 45% of the respondents read Times of India, 25% of them read Hindustan times, 10% read the Economics Times, 15% read The Indian express and rest of 5% read the tribune.
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3.
Newspaper (%) HT 20 50 25 5
TIE : The Indian Express
TIE 25 45 20 10
Others 20 50 25 5
15 65 10 10
HT : Hindustan Times
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% TOI HT TIE Others 6 months 6 mths 2 yrs 2 yrs Above 5 yrs.
Interpretation : The above graph depicts that maximum number of respondents who read Times of India i.e. from last 6 months to 2 years, maximum number of respondents who read Hindustan times i.e. from last 6 months to 2 years, maximum number of respondents who read The Indian Express i.e. from last 6 months to 2 years and maximum number of respondents read other newspapers i.e. from last 6 months to 2 years, so we can conclude that maximum number of readers are reading their newspaper from last 6 months to 2 years.
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4.
Knowledge of newspaper TOI Teacher Advertisement Magazines Neighbour Family Friends Internet
*TIO : Times Of India
10 10 10 5 25 30 10
HT : Hindustan Times
Interpretation : The above graph shows that maximum number of respondents who read Times of India come to know from Teachers, maximum number of respondents who read Hindustan times come to know from advertisement and friends, maximum number of respondents who read The Indian Express comes to know from friends, internet.
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5.
50 30 10 10 10
HT : Hindustan Times
Interpretation : The above graph reveals that maximum number of respondents who read Times of India jump to another due to its contents, maximum number of respondents who read Hindustan times jumps to other due to contents and maximum number of respondents who read other newspaper jump to any other due to contents. Of newspaper.
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Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 10 90
10%
Yes No
90%
Interpretation : From above Graph it is clear that 10% of respondents want to shift to another paper in future and rest 90%dont want to do so.
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7.
40 30 20 10 0 TOI HT Others
Interpretation : The above graph shows that maximum number of respondents are pertaining the particular newspaper due to its sales promotional schemes.
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8.
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TOI HT Others
Interpretation : The above graph shows that maximum number of respondents are getting their newspaper TOI and HT from their self purchase and minimum of the respondents get other newspaper from family members.
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9.
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 85 15
15%
Yes No
85%
Interpretation : The above graph reveals that 85% of respondents are have knowledge about the promotional schemes launched by the newspaper and 15% of the respondents did not have knowledge about it.
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10.
Interpretation :
The above graph shows that maximum number of respondents are who read TOI, HT, others comes to know from Magazines, and minimum from the Pamphlets.
Respondents
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11. The absence of sales promotional schemes will you continues with this newspaper ?
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 90 10
Interpretation : The above graph shows that if there are no sales promotions schemes on the newspaper then no more persons are going to continue with these papers in future.
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12.
Promotional schemes are encourage you to buy this paper or hardly matter
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 90 10
Interpretation : The above graph reveals that very less times promotional schemes encourages them to purchase a newspaper.
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13.
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 50 50
Interpretation : According to above graph it is clear that 50% of respondents are in favour that they get promotional schemes by newspaper and 50% of respondents are not in favour of this.
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14.
Respondents
en t
Ad ve rti se m
oa ch er
Interpretation : The above graph shows that 50% of respondents get the impact due to gifts, 15% of respondents get the impact due to advertisement in paper, 25% of respondents get the impact due to broachers and 10% of respondents get the impact due to pamphlets.
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Pa m
Br
ph le ts
ift s
15.
Option Yes No
0% Yes No 100%
Interpretation : According to above graph it is clear that 100% of respondents are did not getting anything extra by using this newspaper ?
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16.
Respondents (%) 45 10 45
Interpretation : The above graph reveals that 45% of respondents get participated in Movie and trip pgrogrammes run by newspaper and only 10% of them participated in quiz competitions.
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17.
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 80 20
Interpretation : According to above graph it is clear that 80% of respondents get any gift from promotional program but 20% of respondents did not get any gift from promotional program.
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18.
Option Yes No
Respondents (%) 15 85
Interpretation : The above graph shows that 15% of respondents participated in any contest organized by newspaper but 85% of respondents did not participated in any contest organized by newspaper.
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SUGGESTIONS
Newspaper companies have to do proper segmentations of students before sale promotions. To hand le the queries very carefully Proper analysis of the behaviour of students must be done. Students are the most potential market for TOI, so TOI Should give-
1. 2.
generation become habitual to TOI Only. More career news on regular basis (twice or thrice a week) on TOI
newspaper or start two supplements on career per week. Give presentation on importance of TOI over other newspaper to these readers(specially students) because
1.
2.
newspaper. 32% respondents have neutral attitude. Approx 50% respondents think extra cost of TOI, over being
3.
subscribed newspaper, is important for them. To penetrate into the market for various reasons (based on finding and inferences.)
1.
home with toll free phone number and vendorwalas mobile number and one lead line number.
2.
3.
Give toll free number on every copy of Times of India one specific
location. Give some copies (fix 100, 200) to persons are coming in big clubs to
4. 5.
Start SMS alert on mobile of short news. For register mobile number
make some arrangement in TOI website. Improve distribution channel in interior areas of Chandigarh.
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As new generation like to take information from internet so improve e-paper, make reader friendly, and make it easy to assess. Tell disadvantage of going online like-eye problem, Cost of electricity, Computer, Internet. Tell cost calculation of going online and start subscriptions. Do not use abbreviation like SC (Supreme Court) Reduce semi-nude images of models. Improve Grammar mistakes in TOI. Start giving more news on stock market. Avoid repetition of news. During survey we found some strengths of TOI like1. 2. 3. 4. Non-TOI have good attitude towards TOI. They think TOI provide quality of information. TOI will add value to their life. Provide information effectively They rely on information given by TOI.
5.
TOI should high light these strengths in market to make them regular TOI reader.
TOI should survey like the Divya Bhaskar is doing they should give the questionnaire in
their paper .Divya Bhaskar is doing this survey every six months and find out the results of it and they will make the changes according to the consumers preferences. We had attached that questionnaire.
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CONCLUSION
Today is competitive environment information came from every place. Media play a very privation role to print media which seems the money maker industry. Newspaper are compete each other to increase their circulation and circulation is cause to generate money. Now they are targeting the profitable system which is students if students us edited to by a
newspaper then he become the lay of that very paper. And industry got his life time customer and for targeting these segments they are trying to use promotional schemes, which are laurel students to buy that very paper. They use magazines, journals free samples, gifts etc. to reach the consumer or to aware the customer. About the paper separate department for running these promotional schemes all schemes are running under one department. Non-TOI reader has a problem with understanding language. New generation like to take news from T.V, RADIO and INTERNET or any electronic media. Educated people like to read Punjabi newspaper. In Punjabi peoples mind, money is very important for them. During survey we found some strengths of TOI like1. 2. 3. 4. Non-TOI have good attitude towards TOI. They think TOI provide quality of information. TOI will add value to their life. Provide information effectively
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books : Kothari C.R., Business Research Methodology ; New Age International Publishers, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi. Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler, Business Research Methodology ; Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. Balagopal T.A.S. Export Management ; Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. Desia Vasant, Development banks & Financial intermediaries.
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Q1.Do you read newspaper? Yes No Q2.Which newspaper u read? Times of India.. Hindustan Times.. The Indian express. Any other (please specified) Q3.From how long you are reading this newspaper? 6month or less 2 to 5 years 6 to 2 years Above 5 years
Q4.How do you come to know about this paper? Teacher. Advertisement Magazines Nab our.. Family. Friends.. Internet.. Family.
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Q5.you are regular reader of this newspaper? If regular user Contents Promotion Price Emotional Believe If shift from other contents Promotion Price Emotional Believe
Q6.You wants to shift in near future? Yes Q7.why you are purchasing this newspaper? Due to sales promotions schemes Influenced by other Contents. Availability. Language learn Knowledge Q8.From where you are getting newspaper? Self purchase. School\college library Borrow from other Family No
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Q9Are you aware about promotion schemes launch by newspaper? Yes. No. If yes name that scheme Q10.How do you come to know about the promotion schemes? Magazine Internet Hooding Friends Pamphlets Any other please specified Q11.The absence of sales promotion schemes will you continue with this paper? Yes No.. Q12.Promotion schemes are encourage you to buy this paper or hardly matter? Encourage Hardly matter Q8.Your level of awareness regarding promotion? See.. Remember Recall.. Any part of it
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Q9.Do you get any promotional schemes by newspaper? Yes.(what..) No. Q10.Which promotional tool put more impact in case of newspaper? Gifts.. Advertisement. Broachers.. Pamphlet. Q11.Are you getting any thing extra by using this newspaper? Yes No Q12.Have you get participated any program by newspaper ? Movie .. Trip Q13.Do you got any gift from promotional program? Yes. No. Q14Do you participate any contest organized by newspaper? Yes No Q15.Promotional schemes are encourage you to buy paper or it hardly matter? Encourage. Hardly matter. Quiz
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Bibliography
Websites 1. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/ 2. http://rni.nic.in/ 3. http://www.wan-ifra.org/ 4. http://prayatna.typepad.com/publishing/ 5. http://www.ptinews.com/ 6. http://www.indiatimes.com/ 7. http://www.newswatch.in/newblog/4185/ 8. http://128.97.165.103/article.asp?parentid=40806 9. http://www.hindu.com/af/india60/stories/2011081550100300.htm 10. http://www.indiannewspapersociety.org/history1.htm 11. http://www.auditbureau.org/ 12. http://www.aaaindia.org/ 13. http://www.hindu.com/nic/nrs.htm 14. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/india-the-second-largest-newspaper-marketarter-china/318261/ 15. http://www.articlebase.com 16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mainpage/ 17. http://www.pib.nic.in/archieve/factsheet/fs2000/i&b.html
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