Fuzzy Topological Systems

Fuzzy Topological Systems Syropoulos, de Paiva Vagueness
General Ideas Many-valued Logics and Vagueness
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Fuzzy Topological Systems

Apostolos Syropoulos
Valeria de Paiva
Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale
Greek Molecular Computing Group Xanthi, Greece asyropoulos@gmail.com School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, UK valeria.depaiva@gmail.com
Segundo Congresso Brasileiro de Sistemas Fuzzy November 69, 2012 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Outline
. 1
Vagueness General Ideas Many-valued Logics and Vagueness Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale
. 2 . 3 . 4
What is Vagueness?
What is Vagueness?
It is widely accepted that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases.
What is Vagueness?
It is widely accepted that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases. What is a borderline case?
What is Vagueness?
It is widely accepted that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases. What is a borderline case? A case in which it seems possible either to apply or not to apply a vague term.
What is Vagueness?
It is widely accepted that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases. What is a borderline case? A case in which it seems possible either to apply or not to apply a vague term. The adjective tall is a typical example of a vague term.
What is Vagueness?
It is widely accepted that a term is vague to the extent that it has borderline cases. What is a borderline case? A case in which it seems possible either to apply or not to apply a vague term. The adjective tall is a typical example of a vague term. Examples
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall?
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall?
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall? Is Betelgeuse a huge star?
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall? Is Betelgeuse a huge star? If you cut one head off of a two headed man, have you decapitated him?
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall? Is Betelgeuse a huge star? If you cut one head off of a two headed man, have you decapitated him? Eubulides of Miletus: The Sorites Paradox.
What is Vagueness?
Serena is 1,75 m tall, is she tall? Is Betelgeuse a huge star? If you cut one head off of a two headed man, have you decapitated him? Eubulides of Miletus: The Sorites Paradox. The old puzzle about bald people.
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Defining Vagueness
Defining Vagueness
Bertrand Russell: Per contra, a representation is vague when the relation of the representing system to the represented system is not one-one, but one-many.
Defining Vagueness
Bertrand Russell: Per contra, a representation is vague when the relation of the representing system to the represented system is not one-one, but one-many. Example: A small-scale map is usually vaguer than a large-scale map.
Defining Vagueness
Bertrand Russell: Per contra, a representation is vague when the relation of the representing system to the represented system is not one-one, but one-many. Example: A small-scale map is usually vaguer than a large-scale map. Charles Sanders Peirce: A proposition is vague when there are possible states of things concerning which it is intrinsically uncertain whether, had they been contemplated by the speaker, he would have regarded them as excluded or allowed by the proposition. By intrinsically uncertain we mean not uncertain in consequence of any ignorance of the interpreter, but because the speakers habits of language were indeterminate.
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Defining Vagueness
Bertrand Russell: Per contra, a representation is vague when the relation of the representing system to the represented system is not one-one, but one-many. Example: A small-scale map is usually vaguer than a large-scale map. Charles Sanders Peirce: A proposition is vague when there are possible states of things concerning which it is intrinsically uncertain whether, had they been contemplated by the speaker, he would have regarded them as excluded or allowed by the proposition. By intrinsically uncertain we mean not uncertain in consequence of any ignorance of the interpreter, but because the speakers habits of language were indeterminate.
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Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity


Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions.

Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions. A term or phrase is ambiguous if it has at least two specific meanings that make sense in context.

Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions. A term or phrase is ambiguous if it has at least two specific meanings that make sense in context. Example: He ate the cookies on the couch.

Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions. A term or phrase is ambiguous if it has at least two specific meanings that make sense in context. Example: He ate the cookies on the couch. Bertrand Russell: A proposition involving a general concepte.g., This is a manwill be verified by a number of facts, such as This being Brown or Jones or Robinson.

Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions. A term or phrase is ambiguous if it has at least two specific meanings that make sense in context. Example: He ate the cookies on the couch. Bertrand Russell: A proposition involving a general concepte.g., This is a manwill be verified by a number of facts, such as This being Brown or Jones or Robinson. Example: Again consider the word chair.
Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory


Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?).

Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?). Can someone tell us what is the truth value of the proposition At Christmas there will be snow in Athens, Greece?

Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?). Can someone tell us what is the truth value of the proposition At Christmas there will be snow in Athens, Greece? Jan ukasiewicz defined a three-valued logic to deal with future contingencies.

Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?). Can someone tell us what is the truth value of the proposition At Christmas there will be snow in Athens, Greece? Jan ukasiewicz defined a three-valued logic to deal with future contingencies. Emil Leon Post introduced the formulation of truth values, where 2.

Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?). Can someone tell us what is the truth value of the proposition At Christmas there will be snow in Athens, Greece? Jan ukasiewicz defined a three-valued logic to deal with future contingencies. Emil Leon Post introduced the formulation of truth values, where 2. C.C. Chang proposed MV-algebras, that is, an algebraic model of many-valued logics.

Aristotle in (De Interpretatione) discussed the problem of future contingencies (i.e., what is the truth value of a proposition about a future event?). Can someone tell us what is the truth value of the proposition At Christmas there will be snow in Athens, Greece? Jan ukasiewicz defined a three-valued logic to deal with future contingencies. Emil Leon Post introduced the formulation of truth values, where 2. C.C. Chang proposed MV-algebras, that is, an algebraic model of many-valued logics. In 1965, Lotfi A. Zadeh introduced his fuzzy set theory and its accompanying fuzzy logic.
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Categorical Model of Linear Logic


Categories form a very high-level abstract mathematical theory that unifies all branches of mathematics.

Categories form a very high-level abstract mathematical theory that unifies all branches of mathematics. Categories have been used to model and study logical systems.

Categories form a very high-level abstract mathematical theory that unifies all branches of mathematics. Categories have been used to model and study logical systems. Dialectica spaces, which were introduced by de Paiva, form a category which is a model of linear logic.

Categories form a very high-level abstract mathematical theory that unifies all branches of mathematics. Categories have been used to model and study logical systems. Dialectica spaces, which were introduced by de Paiva, form a category which is a model of linear logic. Dialectica categories have been used to model Petri nets, the Lambek Calculus, state in programming, and to define fuzzy petri nets.

Categories form a very high-level abstract mathematical theory that unifies all branches of mathematics. Categories have been used to model and study logical systems. Dialectica spaces, which were introduced by de Paiva, form a category which is a model of linear logic. Dialectica categories have been used to model Petri nets, the Lambek Calculus, state in programming, and to define fuzzy petri nets. Recent development: fuzzy topological systems, that is, the fuzzy counterpart of Vickerss topological systems.
Lineales
Lineales
A quintuple (, , , 1, ) is a lineale if
Lineales
(, ) is a poset;
Lineales
(, ) is a poset; is an order-preserving multiplication, such that (, , ) is a symmetric monoidal structure; and
Lineales
(, ) is a poset; is an order-preserving multiplication, such that (, , ) is a symmetric monoidal structure; and for any , exists the largest such that , then this element is denoted and is called the pseudo-complement of with respect to .
Lineales
(, ) is a poset; is an order-preserving multiplication, such that (, , ) is a symmetric monoidal structure; and for any , exists the largest such that , then this element is denoted and is called the pseudo-complement of with respect to .
The quintuple (I, , , 1, ), where I is the unit interval, = {, }, and = { } ( = {, }), is a lineale.
The Category ()
The Category ()
Objects Triples = (, , ), where and are sets and is a map I, where I = [0, 1].
The Category ()
Objects Triples = (, , ), where and are sets and is a map I, where I = [0, 1]. Arrows An arrow from = (, , ) to = (, , ) is a pair of maps (, ), , such that
(, ()) ((), ),
or in pictorial form:
id
?
id
? - I
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The Category () cont.

The Category () cont.

Arrow Composition Let (, ) and ( , ) be the following arrows:

(, , ) (, , ) (, , ).
(,) ( , )
Then (, ) ( , ) = ( , ) such that

, () (), .
Logical Connectives
Logical Connectives
Given objects = (, , ) and = (, , )
Logical Connectives
Given objects = (, , ) and = (, , ) Tensor Product = ( , , ), where is the relation that, using the lineale structure of I, takes the minimum of the membership degrees.
Logical Connectives
Given objects = (, , ) and = (, , ) Tensor Product = ( , , ), where is the relation that, using the lineale structure of I, takes the minimum of the membership degrees. Linear Function-Space = ( , , ), where again the relation is given by the implication in the lineale.
Logical Connectives
Given objects = (, , ) and = (, , ) Tensor Product = ( , , ), where is the relation that, using the lineale structure of I, takes the minimum of the membership degrees. Linear Function-Space = ( , , ), where again the relation is given by the implication in the lineale. Product = ( , + , ), where ( + ) I is the fuzzy relation that is defined as follows (, ), if = (, 0) (, ), = (, ), if = (, 1)
Logical Connectives
Given objects = (, , ) and = (, , ) Tensor Product = ( , , ), where is the relation that, using the lineale structure of I, takes the minimum of the membership degrees. Linear Function-Space = ( , , ), where again the relation is given by the implication in the lineale. Product = ( , + , ), where ( + ) I is the fuzzy relation that is defined as follows (, ), if = (, 0) (, ), = (, ), if = (, 1) Coproduct = ( + , , ), where is defined similar to .
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Topological Systems
Topological Systems
A triple (, , ), where is a frame and is a set, is a topological system if
Topological Systems
A triple (, , ), where is a frame and is a set, is a topological system if when is a finite subset of , then
for all .
Topological Systems
A triple (, , ), where is a frame and is a set, is a topological system if when is a finite subset of , then
for all .
when is any subset of , then

for some .
Defining Fuzzy Topological Systems


A triple (, , ), where is a frame, is a set, and I a binary fuzzy relation, is a fuzzy topological system if

A triple (, , ), where is a frame, is a set, and I a binary fuzzy relation, is a fuzzy topological system if when is a finite subset of , then
(, ) (, ) for all .

(, ) (, ) for all .

(, ) (, ) for some .

(, ) (, ) for all .

(, ) (, ) for some .
(, ) = 1 and (, ) = 0 for all .

. . . . . .
Results
Results
The collection of objects of () that are fuzzy topological systems and the arrows between them form the category .
Results
The collection of objects of () that are fuzzy topological systems and the arrows between them form the category . Any topological system (, , ) is a fuzzy topological system (, , ), where
(, ) = 1, when 0, otherwise
Results
The collection of objects of () that are fuzzy topological systems and the arrows between them form the category . Any topological system (, , ) is a fuzzy topological system (, , ), where
(, ) = 1, when 0, otherwise
The category of topological systems is a full subcategory of ().
Results cont.
Results cont.
Assume that , where (, , ) is a fuzzy topological space. Then the extent of an open is a function whose graph is given below:
, (, ) .
Now, the collection of all fuzzy sets created by the extents of the members of correspond to a fuzzy topology on .
Lets be practical!
Lets be practical!
Physical Interpratation set of programs that generate bit stream and elements of are assertions about bit streams.
Lets be practical!
Physical Interpratation set of programs that generate bit stream and elements of are assertions about bit streams. Example If generates the bit stream 010101010101, and starts 01010 , then starts 01010.
Lets be practical!
Physical Interpratation set of programs that generate bit stream and elements of are assertions about bit streams. Example If generates the bit stream 010101010101, and starts 01010 , then starts 01010. Fuzzy Bit Streams Assume that is a program that produces bit streams like the following
010101010
Lets be practical!
010101010
Explanation The bits above are distorted because of some interaction with the environment.
Lets be practical!
010101010
Explanation The bits above are distorted because of some interaction with the environment. Result satisfies the assertion starts 01010 to some degree.
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An alternative interpretation
Bart Kosko has argued that fuzziness measures the degree to which an event occurs, not whether it occurs. Randomness describes the uncertainty of event occurrence.
Bart Kosko has argued that fuzziness measures the degree to which an event occurs, not whether it occurs. Randomness describes the uncertainty of event occurrence. According to this thesis, expression (, ) would denote the degree to which program will output a bitstream that will satisfy assertion .
Bart Kosko has argued that fuzziness measures the degree to which an event occurs, not whether it occurs. Randomness describes the uncertainty of event occurrence. According to this thesis, expression (, ) would denote the degree to which program will output a bitstream that will satisfy assertion . When (, ) = 0, will not generate a bitstream that satisfies .
Bart Kosko has argued that fuzziness measures the degree to which an event occurs, not whether it occurs. Randomness describes the uncertainty of event occurrence. According to this thesis, expression (, ) would denote the degree to which program will output a bitstream that will satisfy assertion . When (, ) = 0, will not generate a bitstream that satisfies . When (, ) = 1, will definitely generate a bistream that satisfies .
Bart Kosko has argued that fuzziness measures the degree to which an event occurs, not whether it occurs. Randomness describes the uncertainty of event occurrence. According to this thesis, expression (, ) would denote the degree to which program will output a bitstream that will satisfy assertion . When (, ) = 0, will not generate a bitstream that satisfies . When (, ) = 1, will definitely generate a bistream that satisfies . This new physical interpretation is based on the assumption that the programs behave dynamically and nondeterministic.
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Finale!
Finale!
We have briefly presented
Finale!
We have briefly presented The notion of vagueness.
Finale!
We have briefly presented The notion of vagueness. Dialectica categories.
Finale!
We have briefly presented The notion of vagueness. Dialectica categories. Fuzzy topological systems.
Finale!
We have briefly presented The notion of vagueness. Dialectica categories. Fuzzy topological systems. A real life application of fuzzy topological systems.
Finale!
We have briefly presented The notion of vagueness. Dialectica categories. Fuzzy topological systems. A real life application of fuzzy topological systems.
Thank you so much for your attention!

Fuzzy Topological Systems

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Fuzzy Topological Systems

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Fuzzy Topological Systems Syropoulos, de Paiva Vagueness

General Ideas Many-valued Logics and Vagueness

Fuzzy Topological Systems

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Vagueness, ambiguity, and generality are entirely different notions.

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Vagueness, Generality, and Ambiguity

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Many-valued Logics and Fuzzy Set Theory

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Categorical Model of Linear Logic

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale

Dialectica Spaces Fuzzy Topological Spaces Finale