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Acknowledgement
Wendel Odom: CCNA ICND2 : Official Exam Certification Guide (Second Edition)Ciscopress.com
This Class
VLSM Route Summarization
Reduce number
Mask: 255.255.255.0
VLSM
Note: using more than one mask does not constitute VLSM by itself
But
Advertise mask
information for each subnet Support VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) Route summarization configurable
(Bosom NetSim)
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detect in a single mask network Very subtle and difficult to detect with VLSM
behavior unpredictable Some host reachable only from particular parts of the internet
WRONG DESIGN
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Analyze a
Design
Choose/add new
Analyze
Calculate range
Overlap!
Design: Addressing Scheme With Single Mask Determine number of subnet & host bits in the largest subnets to meet the requirements Choose a subnet mask For the mask, Identify all subnets of the network Choose pick the actual sunet.
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Requirements
Class B network 172.16.0.0 At least 10 subnets Largest subnet 200 hosts Choose a design with the largest number of subnets Choose the 3rd subnet
Design
At least 4 subnet bit; At least 8 host bits Mask: 255.255.255.0; 256 subnet, 254 hosts Choose 172.16.2.0/24 net
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Point-to-point links
Step 3: Identify the next numeric subnet number using the same mask Step 4: Identify the next-longest prefix
172.16.0.0/24: Range 182.16.0.1-172.16.0.254 172.16.1.0/24: Range 182.16.1.1-172.16.1.254 172.16.2.0/24: Range 182.16.2.1-172.16.2.254 172.16.3.0/24
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Step 4: start with the unallocated subnet number of step 3 Use the nest longer prefix (/26, mask 255.255.255.192)
The first subnet is the one found in step 3 172.16.3.0/26: range 172.16.3.1-172.16.3.62 172.16.3.62/26: range 172.16.3.65-172.16.3.126 172.16.3.128/26: range 172.16.3.129-172.16.3.190
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Step 4
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Step 3: The next subnet, using /26, is 172.16.3.192/26 Step 4: The next longest prefix is /30 (255.255.255.252) 172.16.3.192/30: Range 172.16.3.193-172.16.3.194 172.16.3.196/30: Range 172.16.3.197-172.16.3.198 172.16.3.200/30: Range 172.16.3.201-172.16.3.202 172.16.3.204/30: Range 172.16.3.205-172.16.3.206
Resulting scheme:
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VLSM Design II
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VLSM Configuration
172.16.4.1/24
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VLSM Configuration
172.16.4.1/24
R3#configure terminal R3(config)#interface Fa0/0 R3(config)#ip address 172.16.5.1 R3(config)#interface S0/0/1 R3(config)#ip address 172.16.9.6
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.252
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Route Summarization
Route summarization reduces size of routing tables while maintaining all routes
Reduced convergence time No need to announce changes to the status of individual subnets
Consume more memory Take more time to route packets Large table more time needed to troubleshoot!
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Routing protocol advertises just the summary route, as opposed to the original route
Must be
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Best summarization
Should include
Example (Yosemite):
Subnets 10.2.1.0, 10.2.2.0, 10.2.3.0, 10.2.4.0 (/24)
summarized into 12.2.0.0/16 Summary includes a lot of IP addresses no in the four subnets Correct, but not good!
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Autosummarization
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Autosummarization
When advertized on an interface whose IP address is not in network X, routes related to subnets in network X are summarized and advertized as one route. That route is for the entire class A, B, or C network X.
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Autosummarization Example
Classful RIP-1 protocol in effect
Note: Albuquerque do not have any interface in 10.0.0.0, so it assumes the mask used with 10.0.0.0 (Class A) is 255.0.0.0.0
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A classful network in which packets sent between every pair of subnets can pass only through subnets of that same classful network. without having to pass through subnets of any other classful network. A classful network in which packets sent between at least one pair of subnets pass through subnets of a different classful network
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Discontiguous Network
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Autosummarization Support
Classful routing protocols must use autosummarization. Some classless routing protocols support autosummarization
disabled
Autosummarization Support
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