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Oracle Versions

Introduction

The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an ObjectRelational Database Management System (ORDBMS) produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. Larry Ellison and his friends, former co-workers Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started the consultancy Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while previously employed by Ampex. The oracle database (or ORACLE RDBMS) is a fourth generation database management system, where a collection of data is treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information. Oracle is the first database designed for enterprise grid computing, the most flexible and cost effective way to manage applications.

Oracle Editions

Oracle Enterprise Edition


Oracle's top-end database server product for big enterprise customers.

Oracle Standard Edition


Four-processor version of Oracle Database, including full clustering support (Real Application Clusters).

Oracle Standard Edition One


Two-processor version of Standard Edition at an attractive entry-level price. While Real Application Clusters is included in the installation package, the right to use is NOT included with Standard Edition One.

Oracle Personal Edition


Full-featured version for individuals, compatible with the entire Oracle Database family (except Real Application Clusters).

Oracle Express Edition


Free version of Oracle that is limited to 1 processor, 1 GB RAM and 4 GB of data.

Version History

2009 Oracle 11g R2 - Database File System (DBFS), ASM Intelligent data placement, column-level compression, Analytic functions 2.0, Recursive WITH clause, In-Memory Parallel Execution. 2007 Oracle 11g - Cube Organized Materialized Views, Database Replay (performance analyzer), row-level compression, Referential Partitioning, Real Application Testing (Option) 2004 Oracle10g - Flashback Query, Data Pump, Automatic Storage Management, Backup Compression. 2002 Oracle9i Release 2 - Native XML database. 2001 Oracle9i Release 1 - RAC and Advanced Analytic Service (business intelligence), Fine-grained auditing. 2000 Oracle8i Release 2 - Oracle tools integrated in middle tier: 9i Application Server available. 1999 First RDBMS on Linux. 1998 Oracle8i - Java support, SQLJ, XML and Oracle interMedia. 1997 Version 8 - First web database, object-oriented development and multimedia, Binary datatypes, Table Partitioning. Very Large Database (VLDB) features. 1995 Version 7 for 64-bit RDBMS 1994 Version 7 for PC. 1992 Version 7 - for UNIX, distributed transactions, stored procedures, triggers, declarative referential integrity, User-Defined Functions, Cost based optimizer, Varchar2 datatype, ANSI SQL92, Parallel operations including query, load, and index creation. 1989 Version 6.2 - Symmetric cluster access using Oracle Parallel Server. 1988 Version 6 - Oracle Financial Applications built on relational database. 1986 Version 5 - First distributed database, first true client/server database, VAX-cluster support, and distributed queries. Row Level Locking. 1984 Version 4 - First portable toolset; first RDBMS for IBM PC, introduced read consistency, was ported to multiple platforms, first interoperability between PC and server. 1982 Version 3 - First portable database (mainframes, minicomputers, and PC); first RDBMS to support SMP 1980 Version 2 - First commercial SQL database (PDP11/VAX)

1979 Version 1 - Not commercially released.

Oracle Versions

Oracle 3 - 1983
The Oracle version 3 was developed in 1983. This version was assembled using C programming language and could run in mainframes, minicomputers, and PCs or any hardware with a C compiler. It supported the execution of SQL statements and transactions. This version also included new options of pre-join data to increase Oracle optimization.

Oracle 4 - 1984
Despite the advances introduced in version 3, demand was so great that Oracle was compelled to improve the software even further with the release of version 4 in 1984. Oracle version 4 included support for reading consistency, which made it much faster than any previous version. Oracle version 4 also brought us the introduction of the export/import utilities and the report writer, which allows one the ability to create a report based on a query.

Oracle 5 - 1985
With the introduction of version 5 in 1985, Oracle addressed the increasing use of the internet in business computing. This version was equipped with the capability to connect clients software through a network to a database server. The Clustering Technology was introduced in this version as well and Oracle became the pioneer using this new concept which would later be known as Oracle Real Application Cluster in version 9i. Oracle version 5 added some new security features such as auditing, which would help determine who and when someone accessed the database.

Oracle 6 - 1988
The PL/SQL language came with Oracle version 6 in 1988. This version provided a host of new features including the support of OLTP high-speed systems, hot backup capability and row level locking which locks only the row or rows being used during a writing operation, rather than locking an entire table. Prior to the hot backup feature, database administrators were required to shut down the database to back it up. Once the hot backup feature was introduced, DBAs could do a backup while the database was still online.

Oracle 7 - 1992
1992 was a memorable year for Oracle. The company announced Oracle version 7, which was the culmination of four years of hard work and two years of customer testing before release to market. This version of Oracle provided a vast array of new features and capabilities in areas such as security, administration, development, and performance. Oracle 7 also addressed security concerns by providing full control of who, when, and what users were doing in the database. Roles were created at this version to make the security maintenance easier for users and privileges. The two-phase commit was added to support distributed transactions.

Oracle 8 - 1997
The Oracle 8 Database was launched in 1997 and was designed to work with Oracle's network computer (NC). This version supported Java, HTML and OLTP.

Oracle 8i - 1998
Just one year later Oracle released Oracle 8i which was the first database to support Web technologies such as Java and HTTP. In 2000 Oracle 8i Parallel Server was working with Linux which eliminated costly downtime.

Oracle 9i - 2001
Oracle Real Application Cluster came with Oracle 9i Database in 2001. This feature provides software for clustering and high availability in Oracle database environments. Supporting native XML was also a new feature of Oracle 9i and this was the first relational database to have these characteristics. Version 9i release 2 enabled Oracle to integrate relational and multidimensional database. Despite the fact that hard disks were becoming cheaper, data was increasing very quickly in databases and Oracle 9i came with a special technology named table compression that reduced the size of tables by 3 to 10 times and increased the performance when accessing those tables.

Oracle 10g - 2003


Although Oracle 9i had only been in the market for two years, Oracle launched version 10g in 2003. The release of 10g brought us the introduction to Grid Computing technology. Data centres could now share hardware resources, thus lowering the cost of computing infrastructure. 10g was also the first Oracle version to support 64-bit on Linux. With Oracle Database 10g and Real Application Cluster it was now possible to move from very expensive SMP boxes and mainframes to an infrastructure that relies on low costs such as UNIX or Windows servers, which have high availability, scalability and performance.

Oracle 11g - 2007


The latest version of Oracle Database is 11g which was released on July 11th 2007. This version introduced more features than any other in Oracle history. This version includes: Oracle Database Replay, a tool that captures SQL statements and lets you replay them all in another database to test the changes before you actually apply then on a production database; Transaction Management using Log Miner and Flashback Data Archive to get DML statements from redo log files; Virtual Column Partitioning; Case sensitive passwords; Online Patching; Parallel Backups on same file using RMAN and many others.

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