Derivada Fun Trigon

CALCULO DIFERENCIAL
Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniera

4.- Derivadas Funciones Trigonomtricas

4.1. DERIVADAS DE LAS FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS

Derivada de ( ) y Sen x =

La derivada de ) (x Sen y = se puede obtener como:

0
( ) ( )
h
dy Sen x h Sen x
Lim
dx h
+ | |
=
|
\ .

Para calcular este lmite se utilizan los siguientes conceptos previamente estudiados:

0
( )
1
h
Sen h
Lim
h
=
0
( ) 1
0
h
Cos h
Lim
h
=
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( h Sen x Cos h Cos x Sen h x Sen + = +

Por lo tanto desarrollando el lmite se tiene:

|
.
|
\
| +
=
h
x Sen h x Sen
Lim
dx
dy
h
) ( ) (
0
Definicin de derivada
|
.
|
\
| +
=
h
x Sen h Sen x Cos h Cos x Sen
Lim
dx
dy
h
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
0
Aplicando suma de arcos
|
.
|
\
| +
=
h
h Sen x Cos h Cos x Sen
Lim
dx
dy
h
) ( ) ( ) 1 ) ( )( (
0
Factorizando el numerador
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=

h
h Sen
x Cos Lim
h
h Cos
x Sen Lim
dx
dy
h h
) (
) (
1 ) (
) (
0 0
Suma de Limites
|
.
|
\
|
+ |
.
|
\
|
=

h
h Sen
Lim x Cos
h
h Cos
Lim x Sen
dx
dy
h h
) (
) (
1 ) (
) (
0 0

Sacando las constantes fuera
del lmite
) ( 1 ) ( 0 ) ( x Cos x Cos x Sen
dx
dy
= + = Por los lmites conocidos

De donde: ( ) ( )
d
Sen x Cos x
dx
=
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


Si u es una funcin diferenciable de x, es posible aplicar la regla de la cadena as:

dx
du
du
dy
dx
dy
=

en donde u Sen y = para obtener como resultado:

( )
d du
Sen u Cos u
dx dx
=

Ejemplos:
1. ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 2 2
d d
Sen x Cos x x Cos x
dx dx
= =

2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
d d d
x Sen x x Sen x Sen x x x Cos x x Sen x
dx dx dx
= + = +

3.
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
d d
x Sen x Sen x x
Sen x xCos x Sen x d
dx dx
dx x x x
| |
= =
|
\ .

4.
( )
2
2
Sen x d
dx x
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2
d d
x Sen x Sen x x
dx dx
x
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4
2 2 x Sen x Cos x x Sen x
x
= =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
4
2 2 x Sen x Cos x xSen x
x
= =
2 x
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 4
2 xSen x Cos x Sen x xSen x Cos x Sen x
x x

=

Derivada de ( ) y Cos u =

Para obtener esta derivada hay que tener presente las siguientes identidades:

CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
= u Cos u Sen u sen u Cos
2 2

Luego:
dx
du
u Sen
dx
du
u Sen
u
dx
d
u u sen
dx
d
u Cos
dx
d
= |
.
|
\
|
=
= |
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=
2 2
cos
2

De donde se puede concluir:

( )
dx
du
u Sen u Cos
dx
d
=

Ejemplos:

1. ( ) ( ) 3 3 3 3 3
d d
Cos x Sen x x Sen x
dx dx
= =
2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 3
2 3 2 3 8 3
d d d
x Cos x x Cos x x Sen x
dx dx dx
+ = + =

3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2
d d d
x Cos x x Cos x Cos x x x Sen x xCos x
dx dx dx
= + = +

4.
( )
( ) 1
Sen x d
dx Cos x
| |
|
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 1
1
d d
Cos x Sen x Sen x Cos x
dx dx
Cos x

= =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1
1
Cos x Cos x Sen x Sen x
Cos x

= =

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 1
Cos x Cos x Cos x Sen x
Cos x Cos x

= = =

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 Cos x
=
( ) ( )
1 Cos x ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
1
1
Cos x
Cos x
=

Derivada de ( ) y Tan x =

CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


( )
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
x Cos
x Sen
dx
d
x Tan
dx
d
Definicin funcin tangente
( )
( ) ( )
x Cos
x Cos
dx
d
x Sen x Sen
dx
d
x Cos
x Tan
dx
d
2
=
Derivada de un cociente
( )
x Cos
x Sen x Sen x Cos x Cos
x Tan
dx
d
2
= Resolviendo la derivada
( ) x Sec
x Cos x Cos
x Sen x Cos
x Tan
dx
d
2
2 2
2 2
1
= =
=
Agrupando trminos

De manera que si u es una funcin diferenciable de x, aplicando la regla de la cadena a
la funcin u y tan = se puede concluir:

dx
du
u Sec u Tan
dx
d
2
=

Ejemplos :

1. ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
5 5 5 5 5
d d
Tan x Sec x x Sec x
dx dx
| |
= =
|
\ .

2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
d d d
x Tan x x Tan x Tan x x
dx dx dx
= + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 x Sec x Tan x x x xSec x Tan x + = +

3. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
d d d
x Tan x x Tan x Sec x
dx dx dx
+ = + = +

4.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
d d d
x Tan x Tan Tan x
x x x
dx dx dx
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
1 1 1
2
d
x Sec Tan x
x x x
dx
(
(
+ =
(

2
x
( )
2
1
x
( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
2 Sec x Tan
x x
| |
+ =
|
|
\ .

( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
2 Sec x Tan
x x
+
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


5. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 1
d d
Tan x Sec x x
dx dx
+ = + + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 Sec x Sec x ( + = +

Derivada de ( ) y Cot u =

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
x Sen
x Cos
dx
d
x Cot
dx
d
Definicin de Cotangente
( ) ( )
x Sen
x Sen
dx
d
x Cos x Cos
dx
d
x Sen
x Cot
dx
d
2
=
x Sen
x Cos x Cos x Sen x Sen
x Cot
dx
d
2

( ) x Csc
x Sen x Sen
x Cos x Sen
x Cot
dx
d
2
2 2
2 2
1
=
=

=
Factorizando y Simplifando

la funcin u Cot y = se puede concluir:

dx
du
u Csc u Cot
dx
d
2
=
Ejemplos :

1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
d d
Cot x Cot x Cot x Cot x Csc x
dx dx
= = =
( ) ( )
2
2Cot x Csc x

2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
5 2 5 5 2 5 5 5
d d d
Cot x Cot x Cot x Cot x Csc x x
dx dx dx
| |
= = =
|
\ .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 5 5 5 10 5 5 Cot x Csc x Cot x Csc x ( = (

3.
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
3 1
1
3
d
Ctg x
dx
d
dx Ctg x
| |
| =
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
2
2
2
1 3
3
d
Ctg x
dx
Ctg x
| |
|
|
\ .
=
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3
3 6 6 3
3 3 3
d
Csc x x
Csc x x x Csc x
dx
Ctg x Ctg x Ctg x

= =

4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
d d d
x Ctg x x Ctg x Csc x Csc x
dx dx dx
+ = + = + =

5.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
d d d
x Ctg x Ctg Ctg x
x x x
dx dx dx
= + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
d d
x Csc Ctg x
x x x
dx dx
+ =
2
x
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
Csc
x
x
( )
( )
1
2 Ctg x
x
| |
+ =
|
\ .

( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
2 Csc x Ctg
x x
+

Derivada de ( ) y Sec u =

( ) ( )
( )
1 d d
Sec x
dx dx Cos x
| |
=
|
|
\ .
Definicin de Secante
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1
d d
Cos x Cos x
d
dx dx
Sec x
dx Cos x
=

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 Sen x
d
Sec x
dx Cos x

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1 Sen x Sen x d
Sec x Tan x Sec x
dx Cos x Cos x Cos x
= = =
Simplificando y factorizado

la funcin u Sec y = se puede concluir:

( ) ( ) ( )
d du
Sec u Tan u Sec u
dx dx
=

Ejemplos :

CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
d d
Sec x Sec x Sec x Sec x Sec x Tan x
dx dx
= = =
( ) ( )
2
2Sec x Tan x

2. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
5 2 5 5
d d
Sec x Sec x Sec x
dx dx
= =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 5 5 5 5
d
Sec x Sec x Tan x x
dx
| |
=
|
\ .

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 2 5 5 5 5 Sec x Sec x Tan x =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
10 5 5 Sec x Tan x

3.
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1
1
d
Sec x
dx
d
dx Sec x
| |
| =
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
2
2
2
1
d
Sec x
dx
Sec x
| |
|
|
\ .
=

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2
d
Sec x Tan x x
dx
Sec x
=
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
2 Sec x Tan x x
Sec x
=
( ) ( )
2
2x Sec x
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
Tan x
Sec x
=
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2x Tan x
Sec x
=

4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
d d d
x Sec x x Sec x x Sec x Tan x
dx dx dx
+ = + = +

5. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 3 3
d d d
x Sec x x Sec x Sec x x
dx dx dx
= + =
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
3 3 3 3 2
d
x Sec x Tan x x Sec x x
dx
+ =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 2 3 x Sec x Tan x x Sec x + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 2 3 x Sec x Tan x x Sec x +

Derivada de ( ) y Csc u =

( )
( )
1 d d
Csc x
dx dx Sen x
| |
=
|
|
\ .
Definicin de la Cosecante
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
1 1
d d
Sen x Sen x
d
dx dx
Csc x
dx Sen x
=
Derivada de un Cociente
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
1 Cos x
d
Csc x
dx Sen x
= Resolviendo la derivada.
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
1 Cos x Cos x d
Csc x
dx Sen x Sen x Sen x

= = =
( ) ( ) ( )
d
Csc x Cot x Csc x
dx
= Simplificando y factorizando

la funcin ( ) y Csc u = se puede concluir:

( ) ( ) ( )
d du
Csc u Cot u Csc u
dx dx
=

Ejemplos :

1. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
d d
Csc x Csc x Csc x Csc x Csc x Ctg x
dx dx
= = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 Csc x Csc x Ctg x Csc x Ctg x =

2.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3 3
2
d d
Csc x Csc x Csc x
dx dx
= =
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
2
d
Csc x Csc x Ctg x x
dx
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
3 3 3 2
2 3 Csc x Csc x Ctg x x =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2 2 3 3 2
2 3 3
1
6 6
Cos x
x Csc x Ctg x x
Sen x Sen x
=
( )
( )
3
2
3 3
6
Cos x
x
Sen x

3.
( )
( ) ( ) 1
1
d
Csc x
dx
d
dx Csc x
| |
=
|
|
\ .
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
2
1
d
Csc x
dx
Csc x
| |
|
|
\ .
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
1
1
Csc x
Csc x Ctg x
Csc x
=
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
Ctg x
Csc x

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
Ctg x Cos x
Csc x
Sen x

=
( ) Sen x
( )
1
Cos x =

4. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
d d d
x Csc x x Csc x x Csc x Ctg x
dx dx dx
+ = + = +

5. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
3 3 3
d d d
x Csc x x Csc x Csc x x
dx dx dx
= + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
3 3 3 3 2
d
x Csc x Ctg x x Csc x x
dx
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
3 3 3 3 2 x Csc x Ctg x Csc x x + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 2 3 x Csc x Ctg x x Csc x + =

Ejercicios Propuestos :

Encontrar la derivada de las siguientes expresiones:

1. ( ) 3 y x Sen x = 2. ( ) ( ) 2 y Cos x Tan x =
3. ( )
3
y t Cos t = 4. ( ) ( ) 4 y Sec t Tan t = +
CALCULO DIFERENCIAL


5.
( ) Tan x
y
x
=
6.
( )
( ) 1
sen x
y
Cos x
=
+

7.
( ) ( )
x
y
Sen x Cos x
=
+
8.
( )
( )
1 Tan x
y
Sec x
=
9.
( )
2
Sen x
y
x
= 10.
( )
2
Sen x
y
x
=
11. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
y x Cos x Sen x = 12. ( )
3
2 y Sen x =
13. ( ) ( )
2 2
y Sen x Cos x = + 14.
( )
2
1 x
y
xSen x
+
=
15.
( )
4 2
3 y sen x x = + 16. ( )
2
2 y xSen x =
17. ( ) ( )
3
y Sen Cos t = 18. ( ) ( )
2
y Sen Cos x =
19. ( )
2 5
2 y x Sen x = 20. ( ) ( ) y Sec x Sen x =

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