III.

Capteurs de
temprature
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsultat dune recherche
Farnell (distributeur)
2
130 produits trouvs !!!
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Rsultat dune recherche
Radiospares (distributeur)
3
163 produits trouvs !!!
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Capteur de temprature

1. Echelle de temprature

1.bis : que mesure le thermomtre

2. Thermomtres dilatation

2.1 de liquide

2.2 de gaz

3. Rsistances mtalliques

4. Thermistances

5 Thermocouples

6. Circuits intgrs : principe et quelques rfrences

7. Pyromtres

8 Matrice de capteurs => vers les camras

4
Capteur de temprature
I. Echelle de temprature
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Echelle de temprature 1

Units SI : le kelvin(K). Dni partir du point

triple de leau (temprature dquilibre eau-glace-
vapeur : on xe 273,16 K cette temprature).

Classement des tempratures :

<0,65 K : UBT

0,65K..77 K : TBT. note hlium liquide =4,2 K

77K..273,16 K : BT

273,16K..350 K : temprature ambiante

> 350 K : HT
6
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Echelle de temprature 2

Autres units (autres chelles de temprature) :

Rankin : T(R)=T(F)+459,67

Celsius : T(C)=T(K)-273,15 ( historiquement, le

Celsius = premire echelle : 0 glace fondante et 100
eau bouillante)

Fahrenheit : T(F)=T(R)-459,67

Pour talonner les capteurs dans diffrentes gammes de

temprature, on utilise un certain nombre de points
triple dont la temprature est dnie par convention
internationale (EIT) (cf. http://www.bipm.org/fr/publications/its-90.html)
7
a verifie 273,15 ou
273,16
Tableau extrait de Preston-Thomas H., Metrologia, 1990, 27(1),
3-10 (version rvise).
Capteur de temprature
I.bis : que mesure le thermomtre :
trait en cours : pas de support vidoprojet
Capteur de temprature
2. Thermomtres dilatation
J.M. Routoure : cours capteur.
Thermomtres dilatation
de liquide
V=V0x(1+a x T)
J.M. Routoure : cours capteur.
Thermomtres dilatation
de gaz
=> Application en mtrologie
Capteur de temprature
3. Rsistances mtalliques
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsistances mtalliques 1

Trs utilis dans lindustrie en raison de leur faible

cot, leur forme varie, leur simplicit de mise en
oeuvre et leur bonne interchangeabilit.

Mtaux utiliss : Platine, Cuivre, Nickel

R0 est la rsistance 0C. A,B et C sont des coefcients

positifs ou ngatifs et spciques au mtal utilis.

R si T ( lagitation thermique des atomes augmente

les chocs avec les porteurs libres)

La rsistance la plus connue la rsistance de Platine de

100 0C. Pt100. Domaine dutilisation de -200C
850C.
15
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsistances mtalliques 2

Pour la Pt100, la relation entre R et T est quasi linaire entre

0C et 100C

Quelques valeurs numriques :

Rsistances au platine

A=3,9080210
-3
(C
-1
)

B=-5,8019510
-7
(C
-2
)

C=-4,2735010
-12
(C
-3
) pour T<0C et C=0 pour
T>0C

Rsistances base de nickel entre 60C et 70C :

A=5,4916710
-3
(C
-1
)

B=6,66666710
-6
(C
-2
)
16
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsistances mtalliques 3
17
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsistances mtalliques III
Formes possibles...
18
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Quelques ches capteurs
19
22/03/09 21:41 PT100 sensors (Platinum Resistance Thermometers or RTD sensors)
Page 1 sur 2 http://www.picotech.com/applications/pt100.html
Platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) offer excellent accuracy over a wide temperature range (from -200 to +850 C).
Standard Sensors are are available from many manufacturers with various accuracy specifications and numerous packaging options
to suit most applications. Unlike thermocouples, it is not necessary to use special cables to connect to the sensor.
The principle of operation is to measure the resistance of a platinum element. The most common type (PT100) has a resistance of
100 ohms at 0 C and 138.4 ohms at 100 C. There are also PT1000 sensors that have a resistance of 1000 ohms at 0 C.
The relationship between temperature and resistance is approximately linear over a small temperature range: for example, if you
assume that it is linear over the 0 to 100 C range, the error at 50 C is 0.4 C. For precision measurement, it is necessary to linearise
the resistance to give an accurate temperature. The most recent definition of the relationship between resistance and temperature is
International Temperature Standard 90 (ITS-90).
This linearisation is done automatically, in software, when using
Pico signal conditioners. The linearisation equation is:
Rt = R0 * (1 + A* t + B*t2 +C*(t-100)* t3)
Where:
A = 3.9083 E-3
B = -5.775 E-7
C = -4.183 E -12 (below 0 C), or
C = 0 (above 0 C)
For a PT100 sensor, a 1 C temperature change will cause a 0.384
ohm change in resistance, so even a small error in measurement of
the resistance (for example, the resistance of the wires leading to the
sensor) can cause a large error in the measurement of the
temperature. For precision work, sensors have four wires- two to
carry the sense current, and two to measure the voltage across the
sensor element. It is also possible to obtain three-wire sensors, although these operate on the (not necessarily valid) assumption that
the resistance of each of the three wires is the same.
The current through the sensor will cause some heating: for example, a sense current of 1 mA through a 100 ohm resistor will
generate 100 !W of heat. If the sensor element is unable to dissipate this heat, it will report an artificially high temperature. This
effect can be reduced by either using a large sensor element, or by making sure that it is in good thermal contact with its
environment.
Using a 1 mA sense current will give a signal of only 100 mV. Because the change in resistance for a degree celsius is very small,
even a small error in the measurement of the voltage across the sensor will produce a large error in the temperature measurement.
For example, a 100 !V voltage measurement error will give a 0.4 C error in the temperature reading. Similarly, a 1 !A error in the
sense current will give 0.4 C temperature error.
Because of the low signal levels, it is important to keep any cables away from electric cables, motors, switchgear and other devices
that may emit electrical noise. Using screened cable, with the screen grounded at one end, may help to reduce interference. When
using long cables, it is necessary to check that the measuring equipment is capable of handling the resistance of the cables. Most
equipment can cope with up to 100 ohms per core.
The type of probe and cable should be chosen carefully to suit the application. The main issues are the temperature range and
exposure to fluids (corrosive or conductive) or metals. Clearly, normal solder junctions on cables should not be used at temperatures
above about 170 C.
Pico
Technology
PT100 Platinum Resistance Thermometers
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Quelques ches capteurs
20
22/03/09 21:41 PT100 sensors (Platinum Resistance Thermometers or RTD sensors)
Page 1 sur 2 http://www.picotech.com/applications/pt100.html
Platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) offer excellent accuracy over a wide temperature range (from -200 to +850 C).
Standard Sensors are are available from many manufacturers with various accuracy specifications and numerous packaging options
to suit most applications. Unlike thermocouples, it is not necessary to use special cables to connect to the sensor.
The principle of operation is to measure the resistance of a platinum element. The most common type (PT100) has a resistance of
100 ohms at 0 C and 138.4 ohms at 100 C. There are also PT1000 sensors that have a resistance of 1000 ohms at 0 C.
The relationship between temperature and resistance is approximately linear over a small temperature range: for example, if you
assume that it is linear over the 0 to 100 C range, the error at 50 C is 0.4 C. For precision measurement, it is necessary to linearise
the resistance to give an accurate temperature. The most recent definition of the relationship between resistance and temperature is
International Temperature Standard 90 (ITS-90).
This linearisation is done automatically, in software, when using
Pico signal conditioners. The linearisation equation is:
Rt = R0 * (1 + A* t + B*t2 +C*(t-100)* t3)
Where:
A = 3.9083 E-3
B = -5.775 E-7
C = -4.183 E -12 (below 0 C), or
C = 0 (above 0 C)
For a PT100 sensor, a 1 C temperature change will cause a 0.384
ohm change in resistance, so even a small error in measurement of
the resistance (for example, the resistance of the wires leading to the
sensor) can cause a large error in the measurement of the
temperature. For precision work, sensors have four wires- two to
carry the sense current, and two to measure the voltage across the
sensor element. It is also possible to obtain three-wire sensors, although these operate on the (not necessarily valid) assumption that
the resistance of each of the three wires is the same.
The current through the sensor will cause some heating: for example, a sense current of 1 mA through a 100 ohm resistor will
generate 100 !W of heat. If the sensor element is unable to dissipate this heat, it will report an artificially high temperature. This
effect can be reduced by either using a large sensor element, or by making sure that it is in good thermal contact with its
environment.
Using a 1 mA sense current will give a signal of only 100 mV. Because the change in resistance for a degree celsius is very small,
even a small error in the measurement of the voltage across the sensor will produce a large error in the temperature measurement.
For example, a 100 !V voltage measurement error will give a 0.4 C error in the temperature reading. Similarly, a 1 !A error in the
sense current will give 0.4 C temperature error.
Because of the low signal levels, it is important to keep any cables away from electric cables, motors, switchgear and other devices
that may emit electrical noise. Using screened cable, with the screen grounded at one end, may help to reduce interference. When
using long cables, it is necessary to check that the measuring equipment is capable of handling the resistance of the cables. Most
equipment can cope with up to 100 ohms per core.
The type of probe and cable should be chosen carefully to suit the application. The main issues are the temperature range and
exposure to fluids (corrosive or conductive) or metals. Clearly, normal solder junctions on cables should not be used at temperatures
above about 170 C.
Pico
Technology
PT100 Platinum Resistance Thermometers
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Extrait de catalogue...
21
Exemple de documentation technique !!!
Capteur de temprature
4. Thermistances
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermistances : 1

Agglomrat doxyde mtalliques semi-conducteurs

polycristallins tels que MgO, MgAl
2
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
, NiO,
ZnTi0
4
. se comportant comme une rsistance
lectrique.

Sensibilit en temprature beaucoup plus leve que

pour les rsistances mtalliques

Interchangeabilit mdiocre : tolrance de 10% =>

ncessit de tri.

Utilisation de matriaux semi-conducteurs non dops

=> exploitation de la forte variation en temprature
de la concentration de porteurs intrinsques.
24
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermistances : 2

T : temprature en K . T0 est une temprature de rfrence

(souvent 298 K). A et B sont des paramtres caractriques du
matriau.

Domaine dutilisation : -100C 700C

Dnition du coefcient de temprature

T
( K
-1
):

T
>0 : on parle de thermistance Coefcient de Temprature
Positif (CTP)

T
<0 : --------------------------- Ngatif (CTN)
25
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermistances 3
Diverses formes :
Comparaison entre CTP et
rsistances PT100
26
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermistances 4
source : wikipdia
27
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsultats de recherche chez un
distributeur
28
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Un exemple de che capteur
29
Capteur de temprature
5. Thermocouples
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouple 1

Exploitation de leffet Peltier et de leffet Thompson.

Effet Peltier : la jonction( soudure ) de deux

conducteurs A et B diffrents stablit une
diffrence de potentiel qui ne dpend que de la
temprature et de la nature des conducteurs.

Effet Thompson : Entre deux points M et N

temprature diffrente lintrieur dun
conducteur homogne A stablit une force
lectromotrice ne dpendant que de la nature du
conducteur et des tempratures entre M et N.
31
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouple 2

La fem de Seebeck est lie leffet Peltier au

niveau de la soudure froide et aux effets
Thompson sur les deux conducteurs utiliss

Des tables existent en fonction des couples

utiliss (la temprature de rfrence des tables
est de 0C )
T1
Bornier la
temprature T2
Point de mesure
fem de Seebeck
32
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 3

Intrts :

lment sensible de trs petite taille

capteur actif : pas dautochauffement li la circulation de

courant pour la lecture de la valeur de la rsistance

grande gamme dutilisation

Inconvnients :

Pas dvolution linaire avec la temprature

Ncessit dutiliser des tables pour chaque couple utilis

Sensibilit mdiocre (de lordre du V/C)

33
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 4
34
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 5
35
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 6
36
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 7 : prcision
Thermocouples base de mtaux usuels
Type E
! ! Composition: Chromel (alliage nickel+chrome (10%)) / Constantan (alliage nickel+cuivre (45%))
" " Ce thermocouple est intressant pour la mesure de tempratures basses. Il a galement l'avantage de ne pas avoir de rponse magntique.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Violet / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Orange
Type J
! ! Composition: Fer / Constantan (alliage nickel+cuivre)
" " Fonctionne bien dans le vide et dans une plage de temprature de 0750C, mais n'est pas recommand pour les basses tempratures, cause de
problmes d'oxydation du fer et de l'azote
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Noir / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Noir
Type K
! ! Composition: Chromel (alliage nickel + chrome) / Alumel (alliage nickel + aluminium (5%) + silicium)
" " thermocouple standard. Il permet une mesure dans une gamme de temprature large: -250C 1372C. Il est galement bon march, mais ne permet
pas une mesure oC.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Vert / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Violet
Type N
! ! Composition: Nicrosil (alliage nickel + chrome (14%) + silicium (1,5%)) / Nisil (alliage nickel + silicium (4.5% + magnsium (0.1%))
" " sa bonne stabilit et sa bonne rsistance aux tempratures leves (-2701300C) et l'oxydation rendent ce thermocouple intressant pour les
mesures hautes tempratures et dans le vide.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Rose / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): -
Type T
! ! Composition: Cuivre / Constantan (alliage cuivre + nickel)
" " Ce thermocouple est particulirement adapt pour une utilisation basse temprature (-200350C) comme pour des applications cryogniques.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Brun / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Bleu
Source : wikipdia
37
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Thermocouples 8 : prcision
Source : wikipdia

Thermocouples base de mtaux nobles

Type R
! ! Composition: Platine-Rhodium(13%) / Platine
" " adapt aux tempratures leves (01650C).
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Orange / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Vert
Type S
! ! Composition: Platine-Rhodium(10%) / Platine
" " adapt aux tempratures leves (01650C).
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Orange / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Vert
Type B
! ! Composition: Platine-Rhodium(30%) / Platine-Rhodium(6%)
" " adapt aux tempratures leves (01700C), utilis en grande partie en verrerie industrielle.
En rgle gnrale ce thermocouple est compos d'un tube bilaire en alumine au bout duquel sortent les 2 ls qui sont souds ensemble forment ainsi une
petite boule.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -): Gris / Blanc
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): Jaune / Gris
Thermocouples base de mtaux rfractaires
Type C
! ! Composition: Tungstne-Rhnium (5%) / Tungstne-Rhnium (26%)
" " adapt aux tempratures trs leves (02320C). Prix lev, difcile fabriquer, fragile. Ne doit pas tre utilis en prsence d'oxygne en dessous de
260C.
" " Couleurs selon CEI 584-3 (+ / -):
" " Couleurs selon NF C 42-323 1985 (+ / -): -
38
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Rsultats de recherche chez un
distributeur
39
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Un exemple de che capteur
40
Capteur de temprature
6. Circuits intgrs : principe et quelques rfrences
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Circuit intgr

Diode polarise en courant : dV

D
/dT=-2mV/K

AD590 (analog device) :

principes : structure particulire de transistor

bipolaire permettant dobtenir un courant traversant
la structure proportionnel la temprature

LM135 (National semiconducteur)

principe : tage diffrentiel transistor bipolaire avec

lun des transistors 10X plus gros que lautre +
Contre-raction pour quilibrer les courants
circulant dans les deux transistors => diffrence de
tensions V
BE
proportionnelles la temprature
42
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
AD590 (analog device)
AD590

Rev. D | Page 6 of 16
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD590H has 60 inches of gold plating on its Kovar leads
and Kovar header. A resistance welder is used to seal the nickel
cap to the header. The AD590 chip is eutectically mounted to
the header and ultrasonically bonded to with 1 mil aluminum
wire. Kovar composition: 53% iron nominal; 29% 1% nickel;
17% 1% cobalt; 0.65% manganese max; 0.20% silicon max;
0.10% aluminum max; 0.10% magnesium max; 0.10% zirconium
max; 0.10% titanium max; and 0.06% carbon max.
The AD590F is a ceramic package with gold plating on its
Kovar leads, Kovar lid, and chip cavity. Solder of 80/20 Au/Sn
composition is used for the 1.5 mil thick solder ring under the
lid. The chip cavity has a nickel underlay between the metallization
and the gold plating. The AD590 chip is eutectically mounted in
the chip cavity at 410C and ultrasonically bonded to with 1 mil
aluminum wire. Note that the chip is in direct contact with the
ceramic base, not the metal lid. When using the AD590 in die
form, the chip substrate must be kept electrically isolated
(floating) for correct circuit operation.
THE AD590 IS AVAILABLE IN LASER-TRIMMED CHIP FORM;
CONSULT THE CHIP CATALOG FOR DETAILS
V+
V-
42MILS
66MILS
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
3

Figure 5. Metallization Diagram
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1
The AD590 uses a fundamental property of the silicon
transistors from which it is made to realize its temperature
proportional characteristic: if two identical transistors are
operated at a constant ratio of collector current densities, r,
then the difference in their base-emitter voltage is (kT/q)(In r).
Because both k (Boltzmans constant) and q (the charge of an
electron) are constant, the resulting voltage is directly
proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT).
In the AD590, this PTAT voltage is converted to a PTAT current
by low temperature coefficient thin-film resistors. The total
current of the device is then forced to be a multiple of this
PTAT current. Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the AD590.
In this figure, Q8 and Q11 are the transistors that produce the
PTAT voltage. R5 and R6 convert the voltage to current. Q10,
whose collector current tracks the collector currents in Q9 and
Q11, supplies all the bias and substrate leakage current for the
rest of the circuit, forcing the total current to be PTAT. R5 and
R6 are laser-trimmed on the wafer to calibrate the device at 25C.
Figure 7 shows the typical VI characteristic of the circuit at
25C and the temperature extremes.
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
4
Q1
Q2
R2
1040!
Q5 Q3
Q4
C1
26pF Q6
Q7
Q12
R4
11k!
Q8
Q10 Q9
CHIP
SUBSTRATE
Q11
1 1 8
R5
146!
R6
820!
R1
260!
+
-
R3
5k!

Figure 6. Schematic Diagram
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
5
0 1 2
+150C
423
298
218
+25C
I O
U
T
(

A
)
-55C
3 4
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
5 6 30

Figure 7. VI Plot

1
For a more detailed description, see M.P. Timko, A Two-Terminal IC
Temperature Transducer, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, Vol. SC-11, p. 784-788,
Dec. 1976. Understanding the SpecificationsAD590.

AD590

Rev. D | Page 7 of 16
EXPLANATION OF TEMPERATURE SENSOR
SPECIFICATIONS
The way in which the AD590 is specified makes it easy to apply
it in a wide variety of applications. It is important to understand
the meaning of the various specifications and the effects of the
supply voltage and thermal environment on accuracy.
The AD590 is a PTAT!
1
current regulator. That is, the output
current is equal to a scale factor times the temperature of the
sensor in degrees Kelvin. This scale factor is trimmed to 1 A/K
at the factory, by adjusting the indicated temperature (that is,
the output current) to agree with the actual temperature. This is
done with 5 V across the device at a temperature within a few
degrees of 25C (298.2K). The device is then packaged and
tested for accuracy over temperature.
CALIBRATION ERROR
At final factory test, the difference between the indicated
temperature and the actual temperature is called the calibration
error. Since this is a scale factory error, its contribution to the
total error of the device is PTAT. For example, the effect of the
1C specified maximum error of the AD590L varies from 0.73C at
55C to 1.42C at 150C. Figure 8 shows how an exaggerated
calibration error would vary from the ideal over temperature.
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
6
IACTUAL
298.2 I O
U
T
(

A
)
298.2
TEMPERATURE (K)
ACTUAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IDEAL
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
CALIBRATION
ERROR

Figure 8. Calibration Error vs. Temperature
The calibration error is a primary contributor to the maximum
total error in all AD590 grades. However, because it is a scale
factor error, it is particularly easy to trim. Figure 9 shows the
most elementary way of accomplishing this. To trim this circuit,
the temperature of the AD590 is measured by a reference
temperature sensor and R is trimmed so that VT = 1 mV/K at
that temperature. Note that when this error is trimmed out at
one temperature, its effect is zero over the entire temperature
range. In most applications, there is a current-to-voltage
conversion resistor (or, as with a current input ADC, a
reference) that can be trimmed for scale factor adjustment.
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
7
5V
R
100!
VT = 1mV/K
AD590
950!
+
-
+
-
+
-

Figure 9. One Temperature Trim
ERROR VS. TEMPERATURE: WITH CALIBRATION
ERROR TRIMMED OUT
Each AD590 is tested for error over the temperature range with
the calibration error trimmed out. This specification could also
be called the variance from PTAT, because it is the maximum
difference between the actual current over temperature and a
PTAT multiplication of the actual current at 25C. This error
consists of a slope error and some curvature, mostly at the
temperature extremes. Figure 10 shows a typical AD590K
temperature curve before and after calibration error trimming.
AFTER
CALIBRATION
TRIM
0
0
5
3
3
-0
0
8
A
B
S
O
L
U
T
E
E
R
R
O
R
(

C
)
2
0
-2
-55 150
TEMPERATURE (C)
CALIBRATION
ERROR
BEFORE
CALIBRATION
TRIM

Figure 10. Effect to Scale Factor Trimon Accuracy
ERROR VS. TEMPERATURE: NO USER TRIMS
Using the AD590 by simply measuring the current, the total
error is the variance from PTAT, described above, plus the effect
of the calibration error over temperature. For example, the
AD590L maximum total error varies from 2.33C at 55C to
3.02C at 150C. For simplicity, only the large figure is shown
on the specification page.
NONLINEARITY
Nonlinearity as it applies to the AD590 is the maximum
deviation of current over temperature from a best-fit straight
line. The nonlinearity of the AD590 over the 55C to +150C
range is superior to all conventional electrical temperature
sensors such as thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors. Figure 11
shows the nonlinearity of the typical AD590K from Figure 10.

1
T(C) = T(K) 273.2. Zero on the Kelvin scale is absolute zero; there is no
lower temperature.

43
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
LM135 (National semiconducteur)
LM135/LM235/LM335, LM135A/LM235A/LM335A
Precision Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM135 series are precision, easily-calibrated, integrated
circuit temperature sensors. Operating as a 2-terminal zener,
the LM135 has a breakdown voltage directly proportional to
absolute temperature at +10 mV/K. With less than 1! dy-
namic impedance the device operates over a current range
of 400 A to 5 mA with virtually no change in performance.
When calibrated at 25C the LM135 has typically less than
1C error over a 100C temperature range. Unlike other
sensors the LM135 has a linear output.
Applications for the LM135 include almost any type of tem-
perature sensing over a !55C to +150C temperature
range. The low impedance and linear output make interfac-
ing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.
The LM135 operates over a !55C to +150C temperature
range while the LM235 operates over a !40C to +125C
temperature range. The LM335 operates from !40C to
+100C. The LM135/LM235/LM335 are available packaged
in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages while the LM335 is
also available in plastic TO-92 packages.
Features
n Directly calibrated in Kelvin
n 1C initial accuracy available
n Operates from 400 A to 5 mA
n Less than 1! dynamic impedance
n Easily calibrated
n Wide operating temperature range
n 200C overrange
n Low cost
Schematic Diagram
DS005698-1
November 2000
L
M
1
3
5
/
L
M
2
3
5
/
L
M
3
3
5
,
L
M
1
3
5
A
/
L
M
2
3
5
A
/
L
M
3
3
5
A
P
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e
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n
T
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m
p
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r
a
t
u
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e
S
e
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r
s
2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS005698 www.national.com
Typical Applications (Continued)
Simple Temperature Controller
DS005698-5
Simple Temperature Control
DS005698-21
Ground Referred Fahrenheit Thermometer
DS005698-22
*Adjust R2 for 2.554V across LM336.
Adjust R1 for correct output.
Centigrade Thermometer
DS005698-23
*Adjust for 2.7315V at output of LM308
L
M
1
3
5
/
L
M
2
3
5
/
L
M
3
3
5
,
L
M
1
3
5
A
/
L
M
2
3
5
A
/
L
M
3
3
5
A
www.national.com 7
44
Capteur de temprature
7. Pyromtres
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtre 1

Principe : mesure du rayonnement thermique : on

utilise la relation physique entre la temprature dun
corps et son rayonnement optique (infrarouge ou visible).
On utilise pour cela, des capteurs thermiques, optiques ou
photolectriques.

Intrts :

Mesure sans contact, sur des pices en dplacement

Tempratures trs leves ( jusqu plus de 2000C)

Mesures possibles en environnement agressif

possibilit de thermographie
46
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtre 2

Corps noir : un corps noir est un lment caractris

par son absorption totale du rayonnement incident et
mettant un rayonnement thermique. Il sagit de son
mittance spectrale
C1=3,741410
-16
Wm
2
C2=1,4388810
-2
mK
: longueur donde
47
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtre 3

Emittance spectrale dun cible relle = mittance spectrale

du corps noir x emissivit du corps. Problme : missivit
de la cible relle pas forcment trs bien connue !)
=> incertitude sur le rsultat
48
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtre 4
Exemple du pyromtre optique disparition de lament :
49
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Une explication en vido
50
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtre 5






51
IUT GC GP Capteur. Routoure 2010-2011
Pyromtres : quelques vues
52
Capteur de temprature
8. Matrice de capteurs => vers les camras
http://www.ulis-ir.com/