MBP

COCHRANE and OTHER CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES ANALYZED BY MBP

Presented by Frank McDonough & Kay Bakhtar

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11-13-06
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Cable-Stayed Bridges, analyzed by MBP

Steubenville, OH and WVA

James River, Richmond, VA

Cochrane, , ALA

James River Bridge

($20 million delay claim)
VDOT Client Precast Concrete Segments Cast on shore and hauled by Truck and Barge. Segments lifted by custombuilt traveling deck-mounted cranes. Main Delay Issue: weights of the segments and deflection of the cantilever. Other Issues: rebar interferences, DSCs, solesource procurement of Materials.

MBP Team-members: Frank Charlie, Frank, Charlie Blake, Blake Mike P, P Kay Kay

Steubenville Bridge
Client: SJGroves, contractor Segments: Structural steel with concrete deck Issues: Steel off-site fabrication delays Subcontractor lawsuit Settled in mid mid-Trial Trial

Cochrane Bridge

Client: Harbert International, Birmingham, ALA Claim/Mediation/Trial over delays, inefficiencies and LDs Eight-year pause in MBPs work between 1997 and 2005 Jury Trial Complex issues including Engineering of Balanced Cantilever Successful outcome for Client

Key-words in Construction
Wh t i What is P Post tt tensioning i i ? ?

A method of applying pp y g external force to load a structure: usually with high strength steel bars or cables often referred to as tendons. Extensively used in Concrete: multi-story buildings and Bridges. Also used heavy y construction ( (tiebacks). )

Post-tensioning Concrete
Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. When loaded, a concrete beam will sag or deflect causing the bottom of the beam to elongate g and crack.

Tensile forces tend to pull apart the bottom of a beam as it bends.

Steel reinforcing rebar - is embedded in concrete as tensile reinforcement to minimize/control cracking. g

Post Tensioning Concrete Tendons are used to take tensile loads

Post-tensioning Concrete
Rebar provides passive reinforcement . It carries load when concrete deflects. Post-tensioning provides active reinforcement. The tendons are pre-loaded externally (with Hydraulic Jacks). Post-tensioning Advantages.
longer spans, thinner slabs, fewer beams, greater flexibility in column layout.

Two major types:

Steel Strands (Fressinet) Steel St l Bars B (D (Dywidag) id )

Post-tensioning
Strand

Bars

The Cochrane Bridge g Project j

Complete the project after termination of a previous Contractor. Two Contracts: Main Span & Approaches Main Span: mid-span and two back-spans are Cable Stayed Cable-Stayed Approaches: pp Box Girders cast-on-ground g and lifted and cast in position. Lifting Equipment provided by Owner. Delays & inefficiencies on both contracts

Cochrane Bridge g Layout y

The Main Span p

1500 ft Main Span over Mobile River. Three spans: p 360, 780 80 and 360 ft Cast-in-place concrete segments placed in p Balanced Cantilever procedure 96 Cable Stays

The Main Span

The Approaches

Three five-span five span continuous sections each side of main span. Typical spans 195 ft. 29 Piers each side and two abutments. Concrete Superstructure Girders Cast on the Ground cured, Ground, cured Post-tensioned Post tensioned, then Lifted into permanent position (lifting equipment provided by ADOT).

Background
S.J. Groves was the original contractor Terminated for default when Main Span was 45% and approaches 55% complete ADOT re-bid completion of the project. Existing Structure and Temporary Equipment inspected by ADOT and turned over to Harbert, MBP Client. NTP to Harbert 7/19/89. Construction duration of each contract was 450 days days.

MBP Involvement
1994 1994: MBP was retained t i d by b Spriggs S i & Hollingsworth H lli th (John Bond), Attorneys for Harbert to: Analyze construction delays. Provide expert opinion as to causation, responsibility and quantification of Delays and Costs. 1997: Mediation in Atlanta (Buck Griffin) did not settle. 1997 to 2005: Litigation over right to sue State of Alabama; Harbert won. February 2005: MBP rehired by Doug Patton for trial preparation and expert testimony on schedule and costs. August 2005: Jury Trial. Favorable award.

The MBP Teams

Phase 1: 1994 1994-1997 1997
Frank, Charlie, Mairav & Kay

Phase 2: 2005
Frank, Kay, Ghas, G Pam and Frankie

The Parties
Owner = State of Alabama DOT DOT Designer = Figg and Muller DOT Design D i Expert E t= TYLin TYLi Contractor = Harbert International Harbert Design g Expert p = Peter Taylor, y , Canada Law Firms = Spriggs and Hollingsworth, Bradley Arant Rose and White, LLP

Delay Analysis Methodology

As-Planned vs. As-Built Schedule Analysis: y
Step 1: Verify As-Planned Schedule. Correct Any Absolute Errors, Omissions. Step 2: Prepare Detailed As-Built Schedule. Step 3: Analyze Critical Path Delays by Comparison and Evaluation of As As-Planned Planned and As-Built As Built Performance. Analyze Delays and Concurrency with Detailed t

As-Planned vs. As-Built Schedule Analysis

Step 1
AS-PLANNED SCHEDULE
Foundations

Structure

Milestone 1
COMPLETE FOUNDATION

Interior

21 Days Late

Milestone 2
COMPLETE STRUCTURE

Milestone 3
COMPLETE PROJECT

Step

2
AS-BUILT SCHEDULE

36 Days Late

56 Days Late

McDonough Bolyard Peck Schedulegraph

Schedule Analysis
Step 1
A S -P L A N N E D S C H E D U L E
Foundations Structure
Milestone 1
COMPLETE FOUNDATION

Interior
Milestone 2
COMPLETE STRUCTURE

21 Days Late

Milestone 3
COMPLETE PROJECT

Step 2 Step 3
AS-BUILT SCHEDULE

36 Days Late

56 Days Late

A n a ly z e D e la y s
6 12 3 8 7 13 4 3

RESPONSIBILITY CONTRACTOR OWNER OTHER

TO TAL

DAYS 16 33 7 56
c

McDonough Bolyard Peck Schedulegraph

Issues
MAIN SPAN:
Tie-down Drilling g Delays y Due to AHDs Stoppages pp g Formwork adjustments Due to AHD Pier Segment Defects Traveler advance: Rear Anchorage g Delay y Due to Reinforcement Interferences AHD Elevation Error Unnecessary Balance of Stay Stressing Inadequate Stay Pipe Delays to Cable Stay Stressing Added Sandblasting Vertical Face of Segments Weather Delays AHD Pylon Change Added Deck Grinding Strike Delays Ferry Damage

Issues
APPROACHES:
Latent Defects in Existing Concrete Structure Equipment Breakdowns Lifting Restriction Added Deck Grinding Weather Delays Strike Delays

Main Span: Summary of Delays Graphic

Approaches: Summary of Delays Graphic

Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 1: Aerial Views

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 2: Construction Sequence

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 3: Balanced v. Out of Balanced

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 4: Main Span Construction

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 5: Traveler

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 6: On-Site Traveler

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 7:

Sand Blasting, Rebar/Form/Pour Diaphragm

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 8: Stressing Jack

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 9: Rebar

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 10: Stress Longitudinal Dywidag Bars

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 11: Stay Main Body Connectors

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 12: gS Strand Installing

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 13: g Strands Stressing

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 14: Grouting

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 15: Approach Span Lifting Operation

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 16: g Cable Lifting

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 17: Deck Connector

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Cochrane Bridge Construction Video 18: Lifting Cable

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Challenges for MBP Team

Project Records in four locations: DC, Mobile, Birmingham MBP. Birmingham, MBP Stop, p, wait, , and go g Client changes in personnel Understanding the Design Issues Project Controls Issues: CPM, dailies Jury J T Trial i l interrupted i t t d by b Hurricane H i Katrina K ti