Tenses

Tense SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC
Active Voice I teach English I am teaching English I have taught English I have been teaching English
Passive Voice English is taught by me English is being taught by me English has been taught by me
I taught English English was taught by me I was teaching English English was being taught by me I had taught English English had been taught by me I have been teaching English I will teach English I will be teaching English I will have taught English I will have been teaching English will be taught English by me English will be being taught English will have been taught
going to am/is/are going to
help
was/were going to
help
Ref: English Form 2 : Fajar Bakti Pg 17 I've I have He has He's She has She's It's It has We've We have You've You have They've They have
Reference Active Voice (Negative) I do not teach English I am not teaching English I have not taught English I have been teaching English I taught English I was teaching English I had taught English I have been teaching English I will teach English I will be teaching English I will have taught English I will have been teaching am/is/are going to Passive Voice (Negative) English is taught by me English is being taught by me English has been taught by me SME-11 English was taught by me English was being taught by me English had been taught by me SME-16 English will be taught English by me English will be being taught English will have been taught ME-144 ME-144 ME-144 ME-144 ME-147 ME-147 ME-147 ME-147 ME-148 ME-149 ME-149 ME-149
SME-19 SME-20
help
NHSEG-71 FE1-111 NHSEG-71 FE1-183 NHSEG-71
FE2-17 FE2-17 FE2-51,71
IE-1,12,82,87,88,90 IE-10,12,55,66,84,87,90 IE-24,35,40,86,87,88,90
NHSEG-71 FE1-87 NHSEG-72
FE2-17,25 FE2-25,37 FE2-93
IE-24,25,32,40,45,82,87,90 IE-24,25,,32,33,84,87,88,90 IE-24,25,43,86,87,90
NHSEG-72 FE1-206 NHSEG-72
FE2-17
IE-55,56,87,88,90 IE-55,70 IE-55,74,86,87,88,90
IE-61,90
Tense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC Simple Present Present Continous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continous Simple Past Past Continous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continous Simple Future Future Continous Future Perfect Future Perfect Continous
No. Code 1 2 NHSEG SME
ISBN 983-6801782 983-061196-5
Title New High School English Grammar with Exercises and Answers Systematic Modern English A Guide To English Language For L.C.E
Writer
Mustafa Zubair
AGTELFLCE
Goh Kooi Cheng
FE1
967-958024-5
FE2
967-958030-X
IE
967-958035-0
ESL Lecturers, English Foundation English 1 (Grammar and Department of the Writing) Language Centre, ITM ESL Lecturers, English Foundation English 2 (Grammar and Department of the Writing) Language Centre, ITM ESL Lecturers, English Intermediate English (Grammar and Department of the Writing) Language Centre, ITM
7 8
WO EF2
Wan Omar English Form 2 Noor Azlina Yunus Angeline Fernandez Alex Fernandez, Y.C Tan Milon Nandy
GME ME Lestari
Grammar Made Easy Mastering English-The Easy Way
ISBN 983Siti Haslina, Lestari Smart UPSR Bahasa Inggeris 155-224-5 Helena Gan
Publisher Minerva Publications Crescent News(KL) Sdn. Bhd
Printer Percetakan Zafar Sdn Bhd Percetakan Putrajaya Sdn Bhd
Edition 1995 2003
Nan Yang Publishers, 28, Yau Khun Wah Printers, 8 leith tet Shin Street, Ipoh, Perak Street, Penang and 201, Carnarvon Street, Penang Biroteks, Institut Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1986
1963
Zainon Kassim Sdn. Bhd for 1992 Jabatan Percetakan Negara, K.L
Biroteks, Institut Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1987
Unit Percetakan ITM, Jalan Kreatif, ITM, 40450 Shah Alam
1990
Biroteks, Institut Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1988
ITM Printing Unit, Shah Alam, Selangor
1992
Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd
Chee Leong Press Sdn Bhd, Ipoh
1997
Kumpulan Rusa (M) Sdn.Bhd Info-Didik Sdn. Bhd
Laser Press sdn Bhd, PJ
Sentences Mary can speak English The rain has stopped.The boys can play football You can use my pen
Tenses
Reference FE2-133
It cannot be divorced from..
TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
Can you include the programme Can I borrow your eraser? Of course May I have an orange, please? Sure Please pass me the sugar Here you are Would you please post this letter? No problem Could you please pass the plate? My pleasure Would you mind helping me, please? Yes Excuse me, may I use the telephone? Here you are
NOUN-PRONOUN AGREEMENT IE-20 Singular Nouns Ali the girl the cat Subject he she it I Singular Pronouns Object Possessive him his her her/hers her its me my/mine Plural Nouns Object Possessive us our/ours them their/theirs
Plural Nouns John and I the men Subject we they
PRONOUNS THAT SHOW POSSESSION FE1-27 SINGULAR POSSESSIVE FORMS Before a Instead of a PRONOUNS PRONOUNS noun noun I my mine we you your yours you he his his they she her hers they it its they
PLURAL POSSESSIVE FORMS Before a Instead of a noun noun our ours your yours their theirs their theirs their theirs
eg It The comitte is presenting its decision The dog scratched itself with its claw It ran after the children It chased the cat The door was open. He closed it The dog wagged its tail The tree lost its leaves
IE-20 FE1-40 FE1-32 FE1-40 FE1-33 FE1-28 FE1-28
Kinds of Pronouns ME-41 Personal Pronoun: I, we, you, he, she, it Possessive Pronoun: mine, ours,y ours, his, hers, its, theirs Reflexive Pronoun: myself, ourselves, yourself, or yourselves, himself, itself, themselves Demonstrative Pronoun: this, that, these, those, such, same,etc. Interrogative Pronoun: Who? Which? What? Whose? Relative Pronoun: who, which, that, what, whom, as, whoever, whichever, whatever Indefinite Pronoun: one, any, each, some, all, none, nothing, anyone, something, somebody,etc Distributive Pronoun: each, either, either,etc
That was my car
FE1-28
That car was mine That was her room That room was hers They were our books The books were ours It was their garden The garden was theirs The dog wagged its tail the table's leg the legs of a table wrong correct
FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28 FE1-28
ME-49 ME-49
yourself (singular) yourselves (plural)
EF2-206
Mokhtar kicks the ball. It's a goal Mokhtar kicks the ball. It is a goal
EF2-207 EF2-207
it's raining it's a long way from here to the post office Note: it's refer to it is or it has
Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-108 Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-109 Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-110 Harrap's 2002 word English Dictionary-111
SP SP SP SPa
"I live in Ipoh" He says (that) he lives in Ipoh He said, "I'm sorry." He said (that) he was sorry Statement Ah Leong said, "I am thirsty now." Ah Leong said that he was thirsty then. Mary said, " I am hungry." Mary said that she was hungry Ali said, "I am doing my homework." Ali said that he was doing his homework. . He said that he had fed the cat. He said, " I met them yesterday." He said that he met them the previous day They said, "We buried him in the night." They said that they had buried him in the night.
SP SPa SP SPa PC PaC PP PaP SPa SPa SPa PaP
John's mother asked,"Did you feed the dog before you went out?" John's mother asked whether he had fed the dog before he went out. He said, "I feel fine." He said that he felt fine. He said "No," He answered in the negative He refused He denied it He forbade it
He said, "Yes," He answered in the affirmative He agreed He permitted He accepted He assented Leela said, "I am tired." Leela said that she was tired "I will call you," said Ida. Ida said that she would call me.
SF
Question He asked her, "Will you be free tomorrow?" He asked her whether she would be free the next day. The policeman asked Ramasay, "What are you doing?" The policeman asked Ramasay what he was doing. Commands and Request The teacher said to Ali "Keep that book." The teacher asked (or told) Ali to keep that book. The general shouted to the soldiers: "Halt!" The general ordered the soldiers to halt. She said to him, "Please leave me alone." She begged him to leave her alone.
PC PaC
Exclamations and Wishes He said, "Alas! I have lost all that are dear to me." He exclaimed that he had lost all that were dear to him. She said, "I wish my brother will reach here punctually." She wished that her brother would reach there punctually.
Ref Book EF2-210
Pg
AGTELFLCE
72
AGTELFLCE
73
AGTELFLCE
73
AGTELFLCE
73
AGTELFLCE
73
AGTELFLCE
73
AGTELFLCE
74
AGTELFLCE
74
AGTELFLCE
75
AGTELFLCE
75
AGTELFLCE
75
AGTELFLCE
76
AGTELFLCE
77
AGTELFLCE
77
AGTELFLCE
77
AGTELFLCE
78
AGTELFLCE
78
Every teacher has a record-book Everyone knows the answer In this class, every student does his work well Every one of the soldiers is brave Every one needs oxygen
FE1-134 FE1-134 FE1-134 FE1-135 IE-15
Each applicant is here for the interview Each of the boys plays badminton Each of the oranges is bad
FE1-134 FE1-135 IE-16
Either Samad or Kassim has a car Either Mr. Brown or his sons know about the accident Either the teacher or the students are in the classroom Either of the girls sweeps the floor Either the boy or the girls are intelligent
FE1-133 FE1-133 IE-16 IE-16 IE-17
Neither the boys nor the girls are absent today Neither the children nor Encik Ali knows about the holiday Neither of these boys knows what to do Neither of the children is sleeping now Neither the girls nor the boy is intelligent
FE1-133 FE1-133 IE-15 IE-16 IE-17
Some are drinking coffee at the cafeteria Something is burning in the kitchen
IE-15
Nobody wants to help her No one is in the room
FE1-134 IE-15
Anybody is welcome
IE-15
One of the books is missing One of my neighbours has a durian tree in his garden
FE1-135 FE1-135
Sentences There is a bird in the cage There are three birds in the nest There is a banana on the table There are one hundred and twenty minutes in two hours There are three hundred dollars in the drawer There are two hundred kilometres more to Ipoh
Reference FE1-136 FE1-136 FE1-137 FE1-137 FE1-137
Wh When did Susan go to school? When will Dan study in the library? When is Siti going to Klang? When have they been to the museum?
Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161
Where did Susan go in the morning? Where will Dan study this afternoon? Where is Siti going at 4 o'clock? Where have they been this year?
FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161
Why did Susan go to school in the morning? FE2-161 Why will Dan study in the library this afternoon? FE2-161 Why is Dan going to study in the library? FE2-159 Why have they been to the museum this year? FE2-161
Notes "When" asks for information about time FE2-160
"Where" asks for information about place FE2-160
"Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160
Wh Where did Susan go in the morning? Where will Dan study this afternoon? Where is Siti going at 4 o'clock? Where have they been this year?
Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161
Notes "Where" asks for information about place FE2-160
Wh Why did Susan go to school in the morning? Why will Dan study in the library this afternoon? Why is Dan going to study in the library? Why have they been to the museum this year?
Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-159 FE2-161
Notes "Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160
Wh Who is taller, Ali or Yap? Yap is taller than Ali Who is the tallest boxer? Yip is Who has the longest legs? Yip has
Ref EF2-17
Notes
Wh
Auxiliary Verb
Subject
Verb
Object/Complement
What What What What What What What What What What What kind of What kind of What kind of What kind of What kind of
has is
fallen growing eats/eat John Sarah they she Mary Dick Tim Aux Verb do is has will feed? bought? visit? do? doing? do? done? Subject you he he he
into the ditch? very fast? seeds?
will has did does is will has Noun book shoes car house
Verb want? wearing? bought? buy?
"What" ask about Subject FE2-163 "What" ask about Subject FE2-164 "What" ask about Subject FE2-165 "What" ask about Object FE2-165
FE2-168 FE2-168 FE2-168 FE2-168
"What kind of" ask about Object Besides "kind of" other words are e.g type, brand, make etc
Wh Which Which Which Which Which Which Wh Which Which Which Which Which Which
Auxiliary Verb bag shirts one ones
Subject do are does has will will
Verb you you he he he she Verb stops close serves sell goes wll attract
Object/Complement want? buying? like? taken? take? like? Object/Complement at the station? on Fridays? Chinese food? well? fast? the customers?
Noun bus shops one ones
FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169
"Which" ask about Object FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169 "Which" ask about Object FE2-169
FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170
"Which" ask about Subject FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170 "Which" ask about Subject FE2-170
Wh Whose Whose Whose Whose Whose
Auxiliary Verb Noun book bicycle
Subject Aux Verb did has will does
Verb Subject you he siti John
Object/Complement Verb take? borrowed? use? wear?
Whose shoulders are the broadest?
Jay's are.
EF2-17
used to ask about possession FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171
How How How How How How How How How
Aux Verb did is will has will has did do
Subject John Siti they he Raman Azizah he they
Verb go returning go gone walk? done speak work
Complement to school? home? to Ipoh? to the shop?
in the test? at the concert? with the machines?
How How How How How How How How How
Adj/Adverb tall long far cheap quickly well soon early
Aux Verb did will has is did does will is
Subject the tree the concert the boy he Haris she he Din
Verb grow? last? run selling come? play leave? coming
How How How How How How How How How How How
Adj/Adverb many many much much often many far many long many
Noun cakes glasses money rice times a week miles hours
Aux Verb did have does is does will does will did does
Subject Ali they he she Jim they he he your uncle it
FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174
Object/Complement FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174 FE2-174
in the race? the goods?
the piano? to see me?
Verb eat? borrowed? need? cooking? brush practise? cycle travel stay take
Object/Complement
his teeth? every day? by car? with you? to prepare dinner?
To ask about manner FE2-174
P The students invite Mr. Pile to speak at their college last year Who invite Mr. Pile to speak? The students do What do the students do? They invite Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom do the students invite? They invite Mr Pile Why do the students invite Mr Pile? They invite him to speak at their college Where do Mr. Pile speak? He speaks at their college When do Mr Pile speak at their college? He speaks to them last year PP The students have invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college today Who have invited Mr. Pile to speak? The students have What have the students done? They are inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom have the students invited? They have invited Mr Pile Why have the students invited Mr Pile? They have invited him to speak at their college Where has Mr. Pile spoken? He has spoken at their college When has Mr Pile spoken at their college? He has spoken to them tomorrow to day PC The students are inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow Who are inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students are What are the students doing? They are inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom are the students inviting? They are inviting Mr Pile Why are the students inviting Mr Pile? They are inviting him to speak at their college
Where is Mr. Pile speaking? He is speaking at their college When is Mr Pile speaking at their college? He is speaking to them tomorrow PPC The students have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college since last year Who have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students have What have the students been doing? They have been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom have the students been inviting? They have been inviting Mr Pile Why have the students been inviting Mr Pile? They have been inviting him to speak at their college Where has Mr. Pile been speaking? He has been speaking at their college When has Mr Pile been speaking at their college? He has been speaking to them today Pa The students invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college last year Who invited Mr. Pile to speak? The students did. What did the students do? They invited Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom did the students invite? They invited Mr Pile Why did the students invite Mr Pile? They invited him to speak at their college Where did Mr. Pile speak? He spoke at their college When did Mr Pile speak at their college? He spoke to them last year PaP The students had invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who had invited Mr. Pile to speak? The students had What had the students do?
They had invited Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom had the students invited? They had invited Mr Pile Why had the students invited Mr Pile? They had invited him to speak at their college Where had Mr. Pile spoken? He had spoken at their college When had Mr Pile spoken at their college? He had spoken to them tomorrow PaC The students were inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who were inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students were What were the students doing? They were inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom were the students inviting? They were inviting Mr Pile Why were the students inviting Mr Pile? They were inviting him to speak at their college Where was Mr. Pile speaking? He was speaking at their college When was Mr Pile speaking at their college? He was speaking to them tomorrow PaPC The students had been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who had been inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students had What had the students been doing? They had been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom had the students been inviting? They had been inviting Mr Pile Why had the students been inviting Mr Pile? They had been inviting him to speak at their college Where had Mr. Pile been speaking? He had been speaking at their college When had Mr Pile been speaking at their college? He had been speaking to them tomorrow
F The students will invite Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who will invite Mr. Pile to speak? The students will What will the students do? They will invite Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom will the students invite? They will invite Mr Pile Why will the students invite Mr Pile? They will invite him to speak at their college Where will Mr. Pile speak? He wil speak at their college When will Mr Pile speak at their college? He will speak to them tomorrow FP The students will have invited Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who will have invited Mr. Pile to speak? The students will What will the students have done? They will have invited Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom will the students have invited? They will have invited Mr Pile Why will the students have invited Mr Pile? They will have invited him to speak at their college Where will Mr. Pile have spoken? He will have spoken at their college When will Mr Pile have spoken at their college? He will have spoken to them tomorrow FC The students will be inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who will be inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students will What will the students be doing? They will be inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom will the students be inviting? They will be inviting Mr Pile Why will the students be inviting Mr Pile? They will be inviting him to speak at their college
Where will Mr. Pile be speaking? He will be speaking at their college When will Mr Pile be speaking at their college? He will be speaking to them tomorrow
FPC The students will have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak at their college tomorrow? Who will have been inviting Mr. Pile to speak? The students will What will the students have been doing? They will have been inviting Mr Pile to speak at their college Whom will the students have been inviting? They will have been inviting Mr Pile Why will the students have been inviting Mr Pile? They will have been inviting him to speak at their college Where will Mr. Pile be have been speaking? He will have been speaking at their college When will Mr Pile be speaking at their college? He will have been speaking to them tomorrow
not sure
WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO
WO WO WO WO WO WO
FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158
FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158
FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158
FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158
FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158 FE2-158
Wh Who What Where Why When How
Adj/Adv
Noun
Aux Verb
Be is was are were is are
How How How How How How Whose Whose Whose Whose Which Which Which Which Who Who
long many much often far long
cups sugar
was are is is was was is was are were is was are were will has be been
bicycle car books parents house bag cars shirts
What What Whose Whose Which Which mother brother house shirts
will has will has will have
be been be been be been
hungry? in the cage? the girls? they tired? the meeting? the students?
the snake? there on the table? there in the bowl? Tim here? the museum? the journey? it? in the workshop? these? at the shop? this? that? those? these? in the room? to the museum?
ready first? in the fridge for a week? out? to the dentist twice? expensive? ready since yesterday?
Sentences Am I wrong? Is she very hungry? Are they naughty? Does he play the guitar? Do they play football? Isn't she very hungry? Aren't they naughty? Doesn't he play the guitar? Don't they play football? Is Kassim reading the newspaper at present? Are the children still playing in the garden? Isn't Kassim reading the newspaper at present? Aren't the children still playing in the garden? Have they been to Japan recently? Have I passed the test? Has Ali done the job? Haven't they been to Japan recently? Haven't I passed the test? Hasn't Ali done the job? Was I in the team? Were they busy yesterday? Did she vote in the last elections? Did the athletes run? Wasn't I in the team? Weren't they busy yesterday? Didn't she vote in the last elections? Didn't the athletes run? Was she resting at that time? Were the men working all afternoon? Wasn't she resting at that time? Weren't the men working all afternoon? Had it ended before he came? Had they had left by 6.00 am? Hadn't it ended before he came?
Note IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-11 IE-11 IE-11 IE-11 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-30 IE-30 IE-30 IE-30 IE-44 IE-44 IE-44
Reference
Had they left by 6.00 am? Will she be here tomorrow? Will they be late? Will he come next Monday? Will they call a meeting soon? Won't she be here tomorrow? Won't they be late? Won't he come next Monday? Won't they call a meeting soon? Will she be leaving tomorrow? Will they be graduating next month? Won't she be leaving tomorrow? Won't they be graduating next month? Will they have been here for six hours by then? Will we have finished the work by next week Won't they have been here for six hours by then? Won't we have finished the work by next week? Am I going to be helped by Daud?
IE-44 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-74 IE-74 IE-74 IE-74 IE-90
Passive Is the manager helped by his assistant? Had the cheese been eaten by the mice? The fish will have been eaten by the cat The fish will not have been eaten by the cat The plants will have been eaten by the cows Will the plants have been eaten by the cows?
IE-90 IE-90 IE-88 IE-88 IE-90 IE-90
Sentences Action Verb I eat We eat You eat He eats She eats It eats They eat Verb 'be' I am We are You are He is She is It is They are Usage a) To show a habitual or a repeated action 1. He sleeps at 10 o'clock every night 2. The children watch television in the evening 3. Aminah carries an umbrella to work every day b) To show a fact or general truth 1. A bee buzzes 2. Dogs are useful animals 3. The Erath is a planet c) To provide existing information about a person or thing 1. Mary has a car 2. I am very busy right now 3. The building is tall
Reference IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-3 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2 IE-2
Adverbs of Frequency ie always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never We always sleep in the afternoon We usually sleep in the afternoon We frequently sleep in the afternoon We often sleep in the afternoon We sometimes sleep in the afternoon We seldom sleep in the afternoon We rarely sleep in the afternoon We never sleep in the afternoon Samsuddin always attends lectures Samsuddin usually attends lectures Samsuddin frequently attends lectures Samsuddin often attends lectures Samsuddin sometimes attends lectures Samsuddin seldom attends lectures Samsuddin rarely attends lectures Samsuddin never attends lectures It snows in winter I go to class everyday They walk to school everyday - 100% attendance - 90% attendance - 90% attendance - 90% attendance - 70% attendance - 40% attendance - 40% attendance - 0% attendance
FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-116 FE1-111 FE1-112 FE1-112
I visit my uncle every Hari Raya The sun rises in the east. Light travels faster than sound Tom is a carpenter I have $10 in my pocket My friend and I play football every Saturday My father visits me in the hostel once a month I am clever I am not clever He is asleep He is not asleep He isn't asleep She is honest She is not honest she isn't honest We are sisters We are not sisters We aren't sisters You are my friend You are not my friend You aren't my friend The child eats The child does not eat The child / He / She /It eats The child / He / She /It does not eat The children / We / They eat The children / We / They do not eat I / You eat I / You do not eat A hundred and twenty minutes is enough time to answer all the questions Three hundred dollars for this radio is too much Two hundred kilometres is too far away The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Present Tense Affirmative - be I am wrong She is very hungry They are naughty Affirmative - Action Verb He plays the guitar They play football Negative - be I am not wrong She is not very hungry They are not naughty She isn't very hungry They aren't naughty Negative - Action Verb He does not play the guitar They do not play football He doesn't play the guitar They don't play football
FE1-112 FE1-112 FE1-112 FE1-112 FE1-112 FE1-115 FE1-115 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-119 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-121 FE1-137 FE1-137 FE1-137 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6
Interrogative - Affirmative - be Am I wrong? Is she very hungry? Are they naughty? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Does he play the guitar? Do they play football? Interrogative - Negative - be Isn't she very hungry? Aren't they naughty? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Doesn't he play the guitar? Don't they play football?
IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6
Neither of these boys knows what to do Some are drinking coffee at the cafeteria Either the teacher or the students are in the classroom There is a banana on the table The team practises football every evening The team are receiving their individual medals from the king Passive Voice- Affirmative The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive Sentences in the passive form are used: (i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; or (ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is Sally feeds the rabbits The rabbits are fed by Sally The boy helps me I am helped by the boy The boys help Dan Dan is helped by the boys The boys help the children The children are helped by the boys Passive Voice- Negative The children are helped by their parents The children are not helped by their parents Passive Voice- Interrogative The manager is helped by his assistant Is the manager helped by his assistant?
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Sentences I am eating We are eating You are eating He is eating She is eating It is eating They are eating We are reading this sentence now We are studying Foundation English 1 this semester (now) Our lecturer is teaching us now At present, we are siiting in class It is raining at the moment My sister is dancing and I am listening to music Now we are learning the Present Continous Tense I am still living in Kota Kinabalu I am appliying for a scholarship I am not applying for a scholarship Linda is acting in the play Linda is not acting in the play The students are borrowing books from the library The students are not borrowing books from the library She is not baking a cake She isn't baking a cake The school children are not waiting at the gate The school children aren't waiting at the gate I am disturbing you Am I disturbing you? The woman is buying shoes Is the woman buying shoes? The children are eating burgers at the snack bar Are the children eating burgers at the snack bar?
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Present Continous Tense Affirmative I am watching T.V. now At present, Kassim is reading the newspaper The children are still playing in the garden Negative I am not watching T.V. now At present, Kassim is not reading the newspaper The children are not playing in the garden at the moment Interrogative - Affirmative Am I watching T.V. now Is Kassim reading the newspaper at present? Are the children still playing in the garden? Interrogative - Negative
Isn't Kassim reading the newspaper at present Aren't the children still playing in the garden? Meaning The Present Continous Tense indicates that an action is continuing or in progress at the moment of speaking. The action is temporarily in progress and has a limited duration Usage a) To show that an activity or a situation is happening now - at the time of speaking Examples The teacher is teaching English now We are listening to the teache I am studying the Present Continous Tense now b) To show that an activity is generally in progress over a period of time Siti is taking French this semester They are preparing for the exhibition this week I am working on my project this week
Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive
The bull is chasing me I am being chased by the bull The boys are chasing the goat The goat is being chased by the boys The cat is chasing the birds The birds are being chased by the cat
Passive Voice - Interrogative The boys are being chased by the gardener Are the boys being chased by the gardener?
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Sentences have/has + past participle I have taken We have taken You have taken He has taken She has taken They have taken Malaysia has been independent since 1957 Malaysia has been independent for more than 20 years I have painted five pictures so far Up to now, I have painted five pictures I have already painted five pictures I have recently painted five pictures I have painted five pictures recently I have painted five pictures lately I have completed the work I have already completed the work My father has had a promotion My father has just had a promotion My father has had a promotion lately No one has been to mars So far, no one has been to Mars No one has been to Mars up to now They have framed the family photograph They have not framed the family photograph They haven't framed the family photograph Hussein has not framed the pictures Hussein has still not framed the pictures Hussein still hasn't framed the pictures Hussein has not framed the picture yet We have not pruned the fruit trees We have never pruned the fruit trees No one has ever pruned the fruit trees You have rewriiten the essay Have you rewritten the essay? Has he ever done a difficult job? No, he has never done a difficult job Yes, he has done diificult jobs many times Have you ever taught a child to count to ten? Yes, I have, I have done that many times No, I haven't. I have never taught a child to count to ten No, I haven't; I have not taught a child to count to ten yet
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Present Perfect Tense Affirmative - be They have been to Japan recently
Affirmative - Action Verb I have passed the test Ali has done the job Negative - be They have not been to Japan recently Negative - Action Verb I have not passed the test Ali has not done the job Interrogative - Affirmative - be Have they been to Japan recently? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Have I passed the test? Has Ali done the job? Interrogative - Negative - be Haven't they been to Japan recently? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Haven't I passed the test? Hasn't Ali done the job? Usage a) To express an activity or activities that happened at some unspecified time in the past e.g I have just received the message The pilot has flown that jet several times b) To express a situation that began in the past, but has continued up to the present and will probably continue into the future. "Since" and "for" are usually used in such situations e.g. We have known her since 1975 e.g We have known her for more than ten years c) To express a past event which has an effect or result in the present time e.g. I have cut my finger. (It is bleeding now) The taxi has arrived. (It is here now) d) To express an activity that may or may not have happened in the life time of a person. "Ever" and "never" are usually used in such situations e.g. Have you ever seen the Taj Mahal? She has never been in love Time Expressions already just yet ever never recently lately so far up to now for
since Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive The boys have eaten the cake The cake has been eaten by the boys The goat has eaten the plants The plants have been eaten by the goats
Passive Voice - Negative The seeds have been eaten by the birds The seeds have not been eaten by the birds
Present Perfect We normally use the Present Perfect when we want to talk about about something which happened in the past but is relevant now. Often we use words like just/already/not ...yet with the Present Perfect.
I feel really tired. I've just finished my report. I haven't spoken to Brian yet but I've already spoken to Malcolm.
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about an imprecise time in the past but as soon as we become precise we switch to the Past Simple. I've never been to Australia. Have you ever been there? Yes I have. I went in 1992.
The present perfect tense is common in English. It is used for many different functions. This page will explain the most important uses of the present perfect tense
Reference
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better-english.com
bergen.edu/library/learning/english/grtopics.html
Sentences I have been sleeping We have been sleeping You have been sleeping He have been sleeping She have been sleeping It have been sleeping I have been living in this town for twenty years You have been doing your exercises for two hours She has been typing the letters since this morning He has been working in this company for ten months we have been playing bowling for one hour They have been studying English for ten minutes
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Sentences I saw We saw You saw He saw She saw It saw They saw I bought a pair of new shoes yesterday Ali visited his grandmother last night It rained heavily at 5 p.m (It is now 7 p.m) Two years ago, I went to Singapore He walked to school He did not walk to school I worked hard I did not work hard I didn't work hard John loved music John did not love music John didn't love music We wrote the letter We did not write the letter We didn't write the letter They went home They did not go home They didn't go home The bus stopped suddenly The bus did not stop suddenly The bus didn't stop suddenly He had a headache He did not have a headache He didn't have a headache They came to the party together Did they come to the party together? Ahmad climbed up a tree Did Ahmad climb up a tree? Her mother made new dress Did her mother make a new dress? The baby cried Did the baby cry? He did his home work Did he do his homework? Did they have a cat in the house? Ali was a clever boy The books were on the desk The girls were pretty The students were in class I was sick yesterday I was not sick yesterday I wasn't sick yesterday He was a good student He was not a good student He was'nt a good student They were classmates They were not classmates
They weren't classmates We were happy at the party We were not happy at the party We weren't happy at the party The reports were long and boring Were the reports long and boring? It was almost 3 o'clock Was it almost 3 o'clock? The meal last night was delicious Was the meal last night delicious? They were in the field this morning Were they in the field this morning? Amran was at home yesterday Was Amran at home yesterday? A girl was in the class There was a girl in the class There were girls in the class There was a bird on the tree There wasn't a bird on the tree There were birds on the tree There weren't birds on the tree There was a pen in his pocket Was there a pen in his pocket? There were oranges in the basket Were there oranges in the basket? There were children in the library Were there chlidren in the library? There was a small tree near the swimming pool Wasn't there a small tree near the swimming pool?
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Past Tense Affirmative - be I was in the team They were busy yesterday Affirmative - Action Verb She voted in the last elections The athletes ran Negative - be I was not in the team They were not busy yesterday Negative - Action Verb She did not vote in the last elections The athletes did not run Interrogative - Affirmative - be Was I in the team? Were they busy yesterday? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Did she vote in the last elections? Did the athletes run?
Interrogative - Negative - be Wasn't I in the team? Weren't they busy yesterday? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Didn't she vote in the last elections? Didn't the athletes run? Usage a) To express an action or event that began and ended in the past e.g. I posted the letter two days ago Sometimes the subject itself shows that the Past Tense should be used e.g. Hang Tuah lived during the reign of Sultan Mansor Shah Dinosaurs were huge creatures that roamed the earth b) To express habitual actions in the past e.g. Last week I drove to Ipoh every day Time Expressions yesterday last night (week, year etc.) just now two months ( a few minutes, etc.) ago n 1970, etc (a past period of time
Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive Sentences in the passive form are used: (i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; or (ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is eg The cat caught a mouse A mouse was caught by the cat The boy threw a stone A stone was thrown by the boy
The girl helped the child The child was helped by the girl The girl helped the children The children were helped by the girl
Reference AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 AGTELFLCE-85 FE1-87 FE1-87 FE1-87 FE1-97 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-92 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-94 FE1-6 FE1-6 FE1-6 FE1-6 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98 FE1-98
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Sentences I was walking We were walking You were walking He was walking She was walking It was walking Time phrases express the idea of duration or length of time during which the actions were taking place We were watching television all evening The students were preparing for the exhibition the whole of last week For two hours, mother was cooking in the kitchen From 5 pm to 7 pm last night, she was practising the piano While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping Jack was reading newspaper, while/when/as his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping The children were not crying The children weren't crying The student was not listening to the teacher The student wasn't listening to the teacher The lady was selling ice-cream Was the lady selling ice-cream? They were jogging in the field Were they jogging in the field? Past Continous + Simple Past While Azman was reading, his mother called him While we were having our dinner, the lights went out When the teacher was giving a lesson, a student fainted As Tom was talking on the phone, I arrived The lights went out while we having our dinner A student fainted when the teacher was giving a lesson I arrived as Tom was talking on the phone When Azman was reading and his sisters were watching television, their mother called him
While she was not looking, the thief stole her purse The teacher called her when she was not paying attention While Aminah was not looking, her brother ate her piece of cake When the policeman was not watching, the drug addict escaped She was studying when Alex visited her Was she studying when Alex visited her?
They were eating when the argument started Were they eating when the argument started? The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense Affirmative She was resting at that time The men were working all afternoon Negative She was not resting at that time The men were not working all afternoon Interrogative - Affirmative Was she resting at that time? Were the men working all afternoon? Interrogative - Negative Wasn't she resting at that time? Weren't the men working all afternoon? Usage a) To express an action in progress at agiven time in the past e.g. At five o'clock, it was raining b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time e.g While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbung the floor c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions e.g They were campaigning for the elections all week long Time Expressions while when all day yesterday all last week all night long, etc.
Past Continous + Simple Past While I was reading a book, the telephone rang They were clearing the garden when the bees stung them Other differences between the use of the Simple Past and Past Continous Tense Aini wove a "songket" sarong last year Aini was weaving a "songket" sarong last year The boy drownded The boy was drowning Rabuan jumped over the gate Rabuan was jumping up and down
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense Affirmative She was resting at that time The men were working all afternoon Negative She was not resting at that time The men were not working all afternoon Interrogative - Affirmative Was she resting at that time? Were the men working all afternoon? Interrogative - Negative Wasn't she resting at that time? Weren't the men working all afternoon? Usage a) To express an action in progress at a given time in the past At five o'clock, it was raining b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbing the floor c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions They were campaigning for the elections all week long She was doing crossword puzzles between 2.30 pm and 4.30 pm Time Expressions while when all day yesterday all last week all night long, etc. Passive Voice
The bull was chasing the boy The boy was being chased by the bull The girl was chasing the goats The goats were being chased by the girl Passive Voice - Negative The ducks were being chased by the dog The ducks were not being chased by the dog
Sentences I was walking We were walking You were walking He was walking She was walking It was walking Time phrases express the idea of duration or length of time during which the actions were taking place We were watching television all evening The students were preparing for the exhibition the whole of last week For two hours, mother was cooking in the kitchen From 5 pm to 7 pm last night, she was practising the piano While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes While/When/As Jack was reading newspaper, his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping Jack was reading newspaper, while/when/as his wife was ironing the clothes and the children were sleeping The children were not crying The children weren't crying The student was not listening to the teacher The student wasn't listening to the teacher The lady was selling ice-cream Was the lady selling ice-cream? They were jogging in the field Were they jogging in the field? Past Continous + Simple Past While Azman was reading, his mother called him While we were having our dinner, the lights went out When the teacher was giving a lesson, a student fainted As Tom was talking on the phone, I arrived The lights went out while we having our dinner A student fainted when the teacher was giving a lesson I arrived as Tom was talking on the phone When Azman was reading and his sisters were watching television, their mother called him As Azman was reading and his sisters were watching television, their mother called him and told him to take his bath While she was not looking, the thief stole her purse The teacher called her when she was not paying attention While Aminah was not looking, her brother ate her piece of cake When the policeman was not watching, the drug addict escaped She was studying when Alex visited her Was she studying when Alex visited her?
They were eating when the argument started Were they eating when the argument started? The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense Affirmative She was resting at that time The men were working all afternoon Negative She was not resting at that time The men were not working all afternoon Interrogative - Affirmative Was she resting at that time? Were the men working all afternoon? Interrogative - Negative Wasn't she resting at that time? Weren't the men working all afternoon? Usage a) To express an action in progress at agiven time in the past e.g. At five o'clock, it was raining b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time e.g While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbung the floor c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions e.g They were campaigning for the elections all week long Time Expressions while when all day yesterday all last week all night long, etc.
Past Continous + Simple Past While I was reading a book, the telephone rang They were clearing the garden when the bees stung them Other differences between the use of the Simple Past and Past Continous Tense Aini wove a "songket" sarong last year Aini was weaving a "songket" sarong last year The boy drownded The boy was drowning Rabuan jumped over the gate Rabuan was jumping up and down
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Continous Tense Affirmative She was resting at that time The men were working all afternoon Negative She was not resting at that time The men were not working all afternoon Interrogative - Affirmative Was she resting at that time? Were the men working all afternoon? Interrogative - Negative Wasn't she resting at that time? Weren't the men working all afternoon? Usage a) To express an action in progress at a given time in the past At five o'clock, it was raining b) To express two or more actions which were in progress at the same time While I was cleaning the windows, my sister was scrubbing the floor c) To show the duration of an action in the past, when used with certain time expressions They were campaigning for the elections all week long She was doing crossword puzzles between 2.30 pm and 4.30 pm Time Expressions while when all day yesterday all last week all night long, etc. Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive The bull was chasing the boy The boy was being chased by the bull The girl was chasing the goats The goats were being chased by the girl Passive Voice - Negative The ducks were being chased by the dog The ducks were not being chased by the dog
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I went to see the movie. We discussed the movie in class.
I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class.
(Judy was probably still living in Japan when I called her.)
(Judy no longer lived in Japan -- she returned from there before I applied for the job.)
The past perfect is used to show you which of two events happened first. Imagine that two things happened in the past:
I went to see the movie. We discussed the movie in class.
Here, we don't know which order the events happened in. That may be important -- perhaps I went to see the movie after the discussion, or maybe I saw the movie before the discussion. There are many ways to make this sequence clear, and the past perfect is one of them. This is how we do it: I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class. Here, we KNOW that the discussion took place FIRST -- even though the sentence describing it comes afterwards. We discussed the movie, and THEN I went to see it. This can be very useful when you are telling a story or relating a sequence of events. At any point in your story, you can jump BACK to a previous event, and your reader will not be confused, because the past perfect will make it clear that the event happened previously. Here is another example:
I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Judy was probably still living in Japan when I called her.) I wanted to live in a foreign country, so I applied for a job in Japan. Judy had lived in Japan, so I called her to find out more about the culture and lifestyle there. (Judy no longer lived in Japan -- she returned from there before I applied for the job.)
bergen.edu/library/learning/english/grtopics.html
Sentences I had begun We had begun You had begun He had begun She had begun It had begun had + past participle Joining words: after, when, as soon as, by the time, before After Mrs Benson had got up, she prepared breakfast After she had prepared breakfast, she woke up the children After the children had eaten breakfast, the left for school After the children had left for school, Mrs Benson went to the market After she had returned home, she prepared lunch After she had prepared lunch, she rested for a while When they had rested, they played again After I had eaten breakfast, I went to school As soon as Sally had washed the clothes, she hung them out to dry When the bell rang, we had finished our work Before the children returned, Puan Asmah had prepared dinner By the time he left, the rain had stopped The play had started before we arrived The train had left by the time they got to the station All the guests had arrived when Mary cut the cake The coach called us after the game had ended The bus left before everyone had arrived They started the meeting as soon as they had taken the attendance They had had their dinner before we arrived The labourers had finished their work before they went for lunch They had sold the car when I went to see it They had not sold the car when I went to see it They hadn't sold the car when I went to see it He had gone to bed when we came home Had he gone to bed when we came home
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Past Perfect Tense Affirmative It had ended before he came They had left by 6.00 am Negative It had not ended before he came They had not left by 6.00 am Interrogative - Affirmative
Had it ended before he came? Had they had left by 6.00 am? Interrogative - Negative Hadn't it ended before he came? Had they left by 6.00 am? Usage The Past Perfect Tense is used to express the first of two or more actions, all of which took place in the past Examples After she had bought a pen, she wrapped it up and gave it to her sister He had been a teacher for ten years befor he became a lawyer When she had found her ring, she told everyone the good news He was not allowed to leave until he had finished his work As soon as the office boy had delivered the parcel, he left My family had had diner by the time I got home The goalkeeper had injured his leg, and couldn't play Time Expression after before when until as soon as by the time, etc. When Elsie had typed the letter, she made a phone call (see fig) Puan Norlia left home at 9.00 am. It had begun to rain half an hour before.She reached the market at 9.30 am and did her marketing hurriedly.When she left the market at 11.00 am, she was happy that the rain had stopped at 10.30 am. (see fig.)
Note: When "before" or "after" is used ia a sentence, the Simple Past may be used instead of the Past Perfect. The Past Perfect is not necessary because the time relationship is already clear Zain had completed his studies before he was twenty Zain completed his studies before he was twenty After Laila had taken the medicine, she felt better After Laila took the medicine, she felt better Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive Sally had eaten the pancakes The pancakes had been eaten by Sally
Passive Voice - Interrogative The cheese had been eaten by the mice Had the cheese been eaten by the mice?
Reference AGTELFLCE-91 AGTELFLCE-91 AGTELFLCE-91 AGTELFLCE-91 AGTELFLCE-91 AGTELFLCE-91 FE2-93 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-95 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-96 FE2-97 FE2-97 FE2-99 FE2-99 FE2-99 FE2-102 FE2-102
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Reference
I had been working for two hours SME-16 He had been painting for an hour when the newsman came to interview him SME-16 Prof. Jackson had been inaugurating his students by the time we arrived SME-16
Sentences I shall go I will go We shall go We will go You will go He will go She will go It will go They will go I will visit you tomorrow The doctor will attend to her shortly The boys will go to the movies tonight We will finish the chapter soon The new headmaster will be here next month The bank will close in ten minutes The office boy will despatch all the letters She will buy some new clothes for herself I will think about your suggestion I will not think about your suggestion I won't think about your suggestion Libat will be in Kuching next week Libat will not be in Kuching next week Libat won't be in Kuching next week Henry will be late for the lesson today Will Henry be late for the lesson today? Simple Present Tense + Simple Future Tense or vice versa When he comes, we will see him Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we will see him Bob will come soon. We will see Bob when he comes Linda will leave tonight. Before she leaves, she will finish her work Linda will leave tonight. She will finish her work before she leaves I will get home at 5.30 p.m. After I get home, I will eat dinner I will get home at 5.30 p.m. I will eat dinner after I get home The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. As soon as the taxi arrives, we will go to the airport The taxi will arrive in less than five minutes. We will go to the airport as soon as the taxi arrives. They will come soon. I will wait here until they come
The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Simple Future Tense Affirmative - be She will be here tomorrow They will be late We shall be sleepy tomorrow Affirmative - Action Verb He will come next Monday They will call a meeting soon Negative - be She will not be here tomorrow They will not be late
Negative - Action Verb He will not come next Monday They will not call a meeting soon Interrogative - Affirmative - be Will she be here tomorrow? Will they be late? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Will he come next Monday? Will they call a meeting soon? Interrogative - Negative - be Won't she be here tomorrow? Won't they be late? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Won't he come next Monday? Won't they call a meeting soon? Usage (used for:) a) Actions or states that will occur at some time in the future Surya will enter college next year It will be cold tomorrow b) Habitual actions in the future He will report to the probation officer every week for the next two years c) Intention The phone is ringing. I will answer it (i.e. I intend to answer it) d) Determination I have failed so many times. This time I will succeed e) Wllingness Yes, I will help you Note a) and b) express pure futureaction, that is, only TIME is involved c) d) and e) are coloured by the speaker's attitude: intention willingness determination
Passive Voice - Affirmative The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive Sentences in the passive form are used: (i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; or (ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is
eg The boy will help the old woman The old woman will be helped by the boy Passive Voice - Negative The old woman will be helped by the Welfare Department The old woman will not be helped by the Welfare Department
Reference AGTELFLCE-94 FE1-207 AGTELFLCE-94 FE1-207 AGTELFLCE-94 AGTELFLCE-94 AGTELFLCE-94 AGTELFLCE-94 AGTELFLCE-94 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-207 FE1-210 FE1-210 FE1-210 FE1-210 FE1-210 FE1-210 FE1-211 FE1-211
IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57
IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58 IE-58
IE-81
IE-81 IE-81 IE-81 IE-81 IE-81
IE-83 IE-83 IE-88 IE-88 IE-88
Sentences The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Future Continous Tense Affirmative She will be leaving tomorrow They will be graduating next month Negative She will not be leaving tomorrow They will not be graduating next month Interrogative - Affirmative Will she be leaving tomorrow? Will they be graduating next month? Interrogative - Negative Won't she be leaving tomorrow? Won't they be graduating next month? The Future Continous Tense expresses an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future e.g. We will be flying over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow Note: Sometimes you may see very little difference between the Simple Future Tense and the Future Continous Tense. You can say: They will come soon or They will be coming soon
Reference IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70 IE-70
Sentences The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of The Future Perfect Tense Affirmative - be They will have been here for six hours by then Affirmative - Action Verb We will have finished the work by next week Negative - be They will not have been here for six hours by then Negative - Action Verb We will not have finished the work by next week Interrogative - Affirmative - be Will they have been here for six hours by then? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Will we have finished the work by next week Interrogative - Negative - be Won't they have been here for six hours by then? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Won't we have finished the work by next week?
Reference IE-74 IE-74
Usage IE-75 i) The Future Perfect Tense is used to describe an action or activity that will be 'perfect', that is, completed before a particular time in the future IE-75 eg Ahmad started work at the beginning of January. It is now the end of January. Every month he intends to save $500. By December he will have saved $6000 'by phrase' used by tomorrow by next week by the end of the year by the year 2000 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75
ii) The Future Perfect Tense is also used to describe an action that will be completed before another activity in the future. When this happens, we use a time clause eg We will have travelled 200 miles when we reach Pekan I will have left by the time she arrives His wife will have cooked dinner before he comes home
IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75 IE-75
Passive Voice - Affirmative IE-81 The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive IE-81
Tom will have eaten the grapes. The grapes will have been eaten by Tom Passive Voice - Negative The fish will have been eaten by the cat The fish will not have been eaten by the cat Passive Voice - Interrogative The plants will have been eaten by the cows Will the plants have been eaten by the cows?
Sentences By next September, we will have been living here for five years I'll have been reading this novel for three hours by four o'clok this afternoon By next month, 'll have been studying for five years at university
Reference SME-20 SME-20 SME-20
Sentences Ways of Expressing the Past Past Time The ship has sunk The guests have arrived The ship sank last night The ship was sinking The ship had sunk before help came The guests arrived at 8.00 pm The guests were arriving after the guests had arrived, I served dinner
Reference IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24 IE-24
Time Relationship of Past Events IE-25 At 8.30 pm I bought a ticket. After I had bought the ticket I entered the cinema hall. The film started at 9.00 pm. From 9.00 pm. to 11.00 pm I was watching the film. As I was watching the film, there was a power failure. The film ended at 11.00 pm and I went home. Now it is 11.30 pm. I have already seen the film. I can remember the story clearly. IE-25 Difference between Simple Past and Present Perfect Encik Zain sold his car in July Encik Zain has sold his car The embezzler was in prison for fifteen years. (He's out now.) The embezzler has been in prison for fifteen years. (He's still there.) She visited her grandfather a week ago She has visited her grandfather several times since his acccident I worked very hard when I was young. (I'm too old to work now) I have worked very hard all morning. (I'm tired now) He owned the house in 1950. (He no longer owns it) He has owned the house for ten years. (He still owns it) IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40 IE-40
Sentences The Affirmative, Negative & Interrogative Forms of Going To Affirmative - be She is going to be here tomorrow They are going to be late Affirmative - Action Verb I am going to graduate next year He is going to to come next Monday They are going to call a meeting soon Negative - be She is not going to be here tomorrow They are not going to be late Negative - Action Verb I am not going to graduate next year He is not going to to come next Monday They are not going to call a meeting until later Interrogative - Affirmative - be Is she going to be here tomorrow? Are they going to be late? Interrogative - Affirmative - Action Verb Is he going to to come next Monday? Are they going to call a meeting soon? Interrogative - Negative - be Isn't she going to be here tomorrow? Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Aren't they going to call a meeting soon? Usage: Just lie the WILL + BASE VERB form, the BE GOING TO form is also used to express: i) Future states and activities Examples They are going to be early tomorrow It is going to rain later ii) Intention I am going to look for a job in June She is going to have a cup of tea Action is likely to happen There is lightning and thunder. It is going to rain Look out! The tree is going to fall on the house. Nurul Huda is a metre ahead. She is going to win
Reference IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-61 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-63 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62
Sometimes, only the WILL + BASE VERB form can be used. The BE GOING TO form is not suitable. Study the folllowing examples. We will know our results soon We are going to know our results soon He will understand it better later He is going to understand it better later - Correct - Not suitable - Correct - not suitableN
Note: The verbs "know" and "understand" in the exam[ples above belong to that class of verbs describing mental states. With this class of verb ypu use the WILL + BASE VERB form IE-62 Passive Voice The passive form is used when writing scientific or official reports, and describing various processes, incidents, situations or conditions. These can be written entirely in the passive or using both the active and the passive Sentences in the passive form are used: (i) when it is moer important to stree the thing done than the doer of the action; or (ii) when the doer is unknown, or it is not important who the doer is eg Hashim is going to help me I am going to be helped by Hashim The girls are going to help the child The child is going to be helped by the girls The man is going to help the children The children are going to be helped by the man IE-81
IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62 IE-62
IE-81 IE-81 IE-81 IE-81 IE-81
IE-83 IE-83 IE-83 IE-83 IE-83 IE-83
Passive Voice - Interrogative I am going to be helped by daud Am I going to be helped by Daud? Questions Why is Dan going to study in the library?
IE-90 IE-90 IE-90
FE2-159
Sentences do does doing did done My father doesn't like smoking cigar I don't subscribe to this magazine anymore They dont study English on Sunday Do you still make mistakes in pronunciation? Does her mother cook rice every morning? Do they still live in America? Do you come here every afternoon? Does she live with her parents? Who help your father in the garden? My brother does Do sit down Do work a little harder I always do my homework diligently 'do' as an Ordinary Verb I do I am doing I have done I have been doing I did I was doing I had done I had been doing I will do I will be doing I will have done I will have been doing He does He is doing He has done He have been doing He did He was doing He had done He had been doing He will do He will be doing He will have done He will have been doing
Note Base Form + s, es, ies + ing Past Past Participle SME-32 SME-32 SME-32 SME-32 SME-32 SME-32 SME-33 SME-33 SME-33 SME-34 SME-34 SME-34 SME-34 SME-34
SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC
WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO
Present Perfect Affirmative - Action Verb Ali has done the job Negative - Action Verb Ali has not done the job Interrogative - Negative - Action Verb Hasn't Ali done the job?
IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35
PaC What were you doing last night? What was your father doing yesterday? What were the girls doing in the market? What were they doing in the restaurant? SP Where does the old man live?
GME-48 GME-48 GME-48 GME-48
GME-35
Sentences be is (am, are) being was/were been 'be' as an Orninary Verb I am wrong She is very hungry They are naughty I am not wrong She is not very hungry They are not naughty She isn't very hungry They aren't naughty I am here I was here I have been here I had been here I will be here I will have been here
Note Base Form + s, es, ies + ing Past Past Participle
IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 SP SPa PPC PaP SF FC FP SME-24 SME-24 SME-24 SME-24 SME-24 WO WO WO WO WO WO WO
We are to face our future We are to leave this place as soon as possible Please dont disturb me! I am about to do my homework Nancy is about to visit her uncle at the hospital Ahmad is about to leave for his office be' as an Auxiliary Verb She is travelling in Malysia, isn't she? Simple Present Tense Affirmative - be I am wrong She is very hungry They are naughty Negative - be I am not wrong She is not very hungry They are not naughty She isn't very hungry They aren't naughty
Interrogative - Affirmative - be Am I wrong? Is she very hungry?
IE-6 IE-6 IE-6
Are they naughty? Interrogative - Negative - be Isn't she very hungry? Aren't they naughty? Present Perfect Affirmative - be They have been to Japan recently Negative - be They have not been to Japan recently Interrogative - Negative - be Haven't they been to Japan recently? Simple Past Affirmative - be I was in the team They were busy yesterday Negative - be I was not in the team They were not busy yesterday Interrogative - Affirmative - be Was I in the team? Were they busy yesterday? Wasn't I in the team? Weren't they busy yesterday? Simple Future Affirmative - be She will be here tomorrow They will be late We shall be sleepy tomorrow Negative - be She will not be here tomorrow They will not be late Interrogative - Affirmative - be Will she be here tomorrow? Will they be late? Interrogative - Negative - be Won't she be here tomorrow? Won't they be late? Future Perfect Affirmative - be
IE-6 IE-6 IE-6 IE-6
IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35 IE-35
IE-26 IE-26 IE-26 IE-26 IE-26 IE-26 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27 IE-27
IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57 IE-57
IE-74
They will have been here for six hours by then Negative - be They will not have been here for six hours by then Interrogative - Affirmative - be Will they have been here for six hours by then? Interrogative - Negative - be Won't they have been here for six hours by then? IE-74 IE-74 IE-74 IE-74 IE-74 IE-74
Sentences have has having had had
Note Base Form + s, es, ies + ing Past Past Participle
'have'as an Ordinary Verb (not as an Auxiliary Verb) I have breakfast I am having breakfast I have had breakfast I have been having breakfast I had breakfast I was having breakfast I had had breakfast I had been having breakfast I will have breakfast I will be having breakfast I will have had breakfast I will have been having breakfast He has breakfast He is having breakfast He has had breakfast He has been having breakfast He had breakfast He was having breakfast He had had breakfast He had been having breakfast He will have breakfast He will be having breakfast He will have had breakfast He will have been having breakfast
SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC
I have an inteview tomorrow morning. I have to get up early Susan hasn't any money. She has to go to the bank Tim's library book is a week overdue. He has to pay a fine They have to get their visas before they can go to Singapore Mary has a car Does Dick have to leave by 5 o,clock? Dick has to leave by 5 o'clock Do the children have to be home for dinner? The children have to be home for dinner
WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO WO
FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-136 IE-2 FE2-142 FE2-142 FE2-142 FE2-142
Tense Aux Verb
Active Voice Base Verb/ Present Participle/ Past Participle do/does doing done
Aux Verb
Passive Voice Past Participle
SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC going to
am/is/are have/has have/has been
was/were had
did doing done
will will be will have
do doing done
going to
do
"do" as Ordinary Verb What What What What Where When What does does does
does is will has he he he
she Mary Dick Tim work? rest? do?
do? doing? do? done?
"do" as Auxiliary Verb What What subjects What What subjects What
does does does do does
she she she you she
teach? teach? give teach? do?
What Why Does she
does does work
he he
do wear
Do you like cooking?
EF2-41
base form +s,es,ies do does
Present Participle Past Form Past Participle doing did done
I do it I am doing it I have done it I have been doing it I did it I was doing it I had done it I had been doing it I will do it I will be doing it I will have donr it
What do I do?
I am going to do it
FE2-167 FE2-167 FE2-167 FE2-167 EF2-4 EF2-7 EF2-6 He works
her students?
EF2-4 EF2-3 EF2-4 EF2-3
She teaches.. She gives
in his job? a helmet? in the morning or afternoon?
EF2-4 EF2-4 EF2-4
He goes.. He looks after..
Past Participle
Tense
Active Voice Aux Verb Base Verb/ Present Participle/ Past Participle am/is/are have/has been
Passive Voice Aux Verb Past Participle
base form be
SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC
was/were had been TS-StarMag 3 28/3/2003
will will have
be been
going to going to
be
I have He has She has It has We have You have They have I am He is She is It is We are You are They are
I've He's She's It's We've You've They've I'm He's She's It's We're You're They're
EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5
+s,es,ies Present Participle Past Form Past Participle am/is/are being was/were been
Tense
Active Voice Aux Verb Base Verb/ Present Participle/ Past Participle have/has am/is/are having have/has had
Passive Voice Aux Verb
base form +s,es,ies have has Past Participle
SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC
had was/were having had had
will will have
have had
going to going to
have
I have He has She has It has We have You have They have I am He is She is It is We are You are They are
I've He's She's It's We've You've They've I'm He's She's It's We're You're They're
EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-17 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5 EF2-5
Who is taller, Ali or Yap? Who is the tallest boxer? Who has the longest legs?
Yap is taller than Ali Yip is Yip has
Ef2-17
Present Participle Past Form Past Participle having had had
Sentences I have an inteview tomorrow morning. I must get up early Susan hasn't any money. She must go to the bank Tim's library book is a week overdue. He must pay a fine They must get their visas before they can go to Singapore
Tenses
Reference FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-136
Sentences You dont look well. You ought to see a doctor The test is next week. We ought to start revising now It is very cloudy. Zarina ought to take an umbrella Minah ought to write home more often
Tenses
Chin Peng ought to be courageous enough to admit his mistakes
Sentences
Reference
I would like a bowl of soup I would prefer the blue scarf I would suggest you leave early I would br happr/glad/pleased to help you Would you please open the window?
FE2-145 FE2-145 FE2-145 FE2-145 FE2-144
Note: Would is not the past form of can when used in polite questions ..he would not have been murdered TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3
I would like to congratulate StarMag for doing such a wonderful job. How would you feel if someone did this to your daughter? TS-17/6/2004-World-42
Sentences You dont look well. You should see a doctor The test is next week. We should start revising now It is very cloudy. Zarina should take an umbrella Minah should write home more often You should take the driving test He should be allowed we,should be magnanimous I should be without the country
Tenses
Reference FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-136 FE2-142 FE2-142 TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3 TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3 TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3 TS-StarMag 28/9/03 3 ME-92
Should he be allowed in, there might well be a cry loud and clear .. I should have done my work instead of going out
Sentences I shall go to a movie tonight We shall prepare some sandwiches for tea
Tenses
Reference FE2-134 FE2-134
Sentences Azhar will return on Sunday The girls will clean the room after class I will go to a movie tonight We will prepare some sandwiches for tea
Tenses
Sentences I might go to themuseum on Sunday Joan might visit her grandmother tomorrow Mr Shane might buy a new car The boys might be late for class
Tenses
Sentences I may go to themuseum on Sunday Joan may visit her grandmother tomorrow Mr Shane may buy a new car The boys may be late for class
Tenses
Sentences I could drive a car when I was 15 years old We could watch TV after the set had been repaired Dan could use his brother's bicycle at weekends
Reference FE2-133 FE2-133 FE2-133
Tom could run a mile last year Could I please borrow your pen? Could you please open the window?
FE2-142 FE2-144 FE2-144
Note: Could is not the past form of can when used in polite questions
FE2-144
How on earth could anyone in his right mind..
I could not walk yesterday Today I can walk a little Tomorrow I shall be able to walk properly
ME-151 ME-151 ME-151
And a young sex worker could "easily" have slept with a few hundred men by the TS-17/6/2004time she's 15, making her no safer than the others, said Saleemah. World-42 UEFA have warned the English FA that the national team could be banned from TS-17/6/2004the tournament if fans cause trouble in Portugal Sport-46
No. 1
Extracts The Bush administration has insisted that Haiti's exiled president was not kidnapped or strong-armed into fleeing, despite Jean-Bertrand Aristide's claims that the US military forced him to leave The Pentagon said on Monday that as many as 2,000 US troops could go to Haiti to help to curb the violence that culminated on Sunday after Aristide's departure. "They were telling me that if I don't leave they would start shooting, and be killing in a matter of time," Aristide said.
Newspaper TS World 42 3/3/2004
Auxiliary Verb will can could should ought to may might must has to had to
Negative will not be cannot be could not be should not be ought not to be may not be might not be must not be need not be does not have to be need not have to be did not have to be
Shortened Form won't be can't be couldn't be shouldn't be oughtn't be mustn,t be needn't be doesn't have to be needn't have to be didn't have to be
IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94 IE-94
Sentences Mary can speak English The rain has stopped.The boys can play football You can use my pen
Tenses
Reference FE2-133
It cannot be divorced from..
Can you include the programme Can I borrow your eraser? Of course May I have an orange, please? Sure Please pass me the sugar Here you are Would you please post this letter? No problem Could you please pass the plate? My pleasure Would you mind helping me, please? Yes Excuse me, may I use the telephone? Here you are
Conjunctions words used to join other words, phrases or sentences Note: To join two or more ideas Lestari 47 - And - Not onlybut - As well as Examples My mother went shopping. My sister went shopping - My mother and my sister went shopping - Not only my mother but my sister went shopping - My mother as well as my sister went shopping To show two ideas which are contrasting - Although - Yet - But Examples Jenny was sick. She went to school - Although Jenny was sick, she went to school - Jenny was sick yet she went to school Encik Ali is rich. He is stingy - Encik Ali is rich but he is stingy To show reason - Because - Since - As - For Lestari 47 Lestari 47
Examples Rashid failed the exam. He did not study - Rashid failed the exam because he did not study - Since Rashid did not study, he failed the exam - As Rashid did not study, he failed the exam The policeman arrested Boon Wah. He was driving recklessly - The policeman arrested Boon Wah for driving recklessly To show two or more actions happening at the same time Lestari 47 - While - When Examples I was reading a book. The telephone rang While I was reading a book. The telephone rang When the telephone rang, I was reading a book To show condition If Unless Lestari 47
Examples I will come to your party. You must invite me.
- I will come to your party if you invite me. Sarah won't talk to you. You must change your ways - Sarah won't talk to you unless you change your ways To show purpose - So that - In order that Lestari 47
Examples I study hard. I want to make my parents proud of me - I study hard so that my parents will be proud of me - I study hard in order that my parents will be proud of me To show results - So that - So Lestari 47
Example Mother place a bowl of milk on the floor. The cat could drink it - Mother place a bowl of milk on the floor so that the cat could drink it I didn't like the movie. I left the cinema - I didn't like the movie so I left the cinema To show choice/alternatives - Eitheror - Neithernor Lestari 47
Examples You can have the pen. You can have the pencil - You can have either the pen or the pencil - You can have the pen or the pencil You cannot have the erase. You cannot have the ruler - You can't have neither the eraser nor the ruler
Rahim was a good student who passed all his exams Rahim who was a good student passed all his exams Rahim, who passed all his exams, was a good student The clock was an antique which/that belonged to my grandfather The clock which/that was an antique belonged to my grandfather The clock, which/that belonged to my grandfather, was an antique The man, who is my uncle, took me home The boy who saved the girl was brave The manager, who was old, retired last week The man scolded the boy who broke the window I saw the man who had a wooden leg The book which/that I read was good The concert which was put up was interesting She enjoyed the concert which/that she attended I celebrated the birthday which/that was on 1st may
FE1-43 FE1-43 FE1-43 FE1-43 FE1-43 FE1-43 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44 FE1-44
Ref Noun abruptness
FE1-249 Verb
Adjective abrupt
Adverb abruptly
ref: Base Form accept accompany act ache add adjust admire admit agree amuse analyze announce answer appear apply appreciate approach approve arise arrange arrest arrive ask attack attend bake balance bandage bang bark be bear beat become beg begin behave believe belong bend bet bite bleed bloom blow boil borrow bounce brake break
FE1-235 + s,es,ies accepts
+ ing accepting
Past Form accepted
Past Participle accepted
FE1-249 Noun
arose
arisen
attention
is (am,are)
being
was/were bore became began
been borne/born become begun
bit
bitten
blew
blown
brief bring broadcast brush build burn burst bury buy buzz call cancel capsize carry cast catalogue catch cause celebrate change chase check cheer choose chop claim clap clean clear climb close clutch collect comb come complain complete compose condense confront congratulate connect consist construct consult contact contain continue convict cook cooperate correct
cast
cast
cleanliness clearness closeness
came
come completion
cost cough count cover crash creep cross crow cry cure cut cycle dance deal decide declare decorate deliver demand demonstrate describe design despatch destroy die dig discover discuss dislike distil disturb do donate draw dream dress drink drive drizzle drop dry eat embroider emerge encourage end enjoy enter envy erect erase escape
cut
cut
dug
dug
does
doing
did drew
done drawn
drank drove
drunk driven
ate
eaten
enjoyment
examine exchange expect explain explode export express fail fall fast feed feel fetch fight fill find finish fire fish fix flee flicker fly forget forgive form freeze frighten frown fry further gather get give go guard graduate grind grow guide hack hang happen harvest hate haunt have head hear help hide hijack
fell
fallen
felt
felt
flew
flown
got gave
got given
grew
grown
has
having
had
had
hit hold hop hope hug hunt hurry hurt identify imagine include inform inject injure install instruct intend interest interview introduce invite iron jingle join joke jump keep kidnap kick kill kneel knit knock know land last laugh lay lead learn leave lecture lend let lick lie lift light like line listen live
hit
hit
hurt
hurt
let
let
locate lock look lose love mail major make manage manoeuvre march marry mean meet melt mend mislay miss mistake mix move need nod occur offer order organise open overcome own paint park participate pass pat pay peel perform permit phone photograph pick place plan plant plaster play point polish possess pour practise
made
made
praise pray prefer prepare present press produce promise promote prosper protect provide pull punch puncture push put quack quarrel question quit rain raise reach read realise receive recite recognise recover reduce refer rehearse release remain remind remember remove rent rest repaint repair report represent request rescue resemble resurface retire return ride ring
rise rock roll rot rotate rub run rush sail satisfy save saw say scare scold score scratch scream scrub search see seek seem select sell send serve service set sew shake share sharpen shave shine shock shoot shout show shower shut sign sing sink sit sketch slap sleep slide smell smile smoke
sneeze snow solve sound speak speed spell spend spill split spread spring spy stand stare start stay steal step stick sting stink stop strain strike string stroll study submit succeed sue sunbathe supervise supplement supply surf surround swear sweat sweep swell swim swing switch take talk tap taste teach tear telephone tell
thank think thrill throw thrust tick tidy tint tip-toe train transfer transport travel treat tremble try tune turn tutor twinkle type type undergo understand upset use vacuum visit wait wake walk wander want wash waste watch water wave wear weave weep welcome wheel whistle win wind withdraw withhold wonder work wring write
Adjective
Adverb
attentive
attentively
clean clear close
cleanly clearly closely
complete completely
enjoyable enjoyable
If Amin bought a kettle and a frying pan and got a 50% discount, how much would he have to pay?
Sentences
The team practises football every evening The team are receiving their individual medals from the king
..she was told she'd have to wait hours for a CT scan The hospital said it could not discuss individual patients' cases without their consent it said no patient would be prioritised to the clinical detriment of other patients Beijing has long been secretive.. after being detained by We were subject to torture She has seen thousands of I I have a pencil I don't have a pencil We have a pencil We don't have a pencil I had a pencil He has a pencil He does not have a pencil Do you have a pencil? Does he have a pencil What is this? It is an ice cream Does it have a cone shape Yes, it does What is that? It is a shoe box. Is it rectangular in shape? Yes, it is What are these? These are ice cubes. Do they have an oval shape?
What is this? It is a musical instrument called a triangle. Does it have a pyramid shape?
Reference
IE-17
TS-Asia 37 TS-Asia 37 TS-Asia 37 TS-Asia 38 TS-World 41 TS-World 41 TS-Lifestyle 3
wo wo wo wo wo wo wo wo wo
Bistari Bahasa Inggeris 4-43

Tenses

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Tense SP PC PP PPC SPa PaC PaP PaPC SF FC FP FPC

going to am/is/are going to

NHSEG-71 FE1-111 NHSEG-71 FE1-183 NHSEG-71

FE2-17 FE2-17 FE2-51,71

IE-1,12,82,87,88,90 IE-10,12,55,66,84,87,90 IE-24,35,40,86,87,88,90

NHSEG-71 FE1-87 NHSEG-72

FE2-17,25 FE2-25,37 FE2-93

IE-24,25,32,40,45,82,87,90 IE-24,25,,32,33,84,87,88,90 IE-24,25,43,86,87,90

NHSEG-72 FE1-206 NHSEG-72

IE-55,56,87,88,90 IE-55,70 IE-55,74,86,87,88,90

No. Code 1 2 NHSEG SME

ISBN 983-6801782 983-061196-5

Goh Kooi Cheng

Grammar Made Easy Mastering English-The Easy Way

Publisher Minerva Publications Crescent News(KL) Sdn. Bhd

Printer Percetakan Zafar Sdn Bhd Percetakan Putrajaya Sdn Bhd

Edition 1995 2003

Biroteks, Institut Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1987

Unit Percetakan ITM, Jalan Kreatif, ITM, 40450 Shah Alam

Biroteks, Institut Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor 1988

ITM Printing Unit, Shah Alam, Selangor

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd

Chee Leong Press Sdn Bhd, Ipoh

Kumpulan Rusa (M) Sdn.Bhd Info-Didik Sdn. Bhd

Laser Press sdn Bhd, PJ

It cannot be divorced from..

Plural Nouns John and I the men Subject we they

IE-20 FE1-40 FE1-32 FE1-40 FE1-33 FE1-28 FE1-28

That was my car

yourself (singular) yourselves (plural)

SP SPa SP SPa PC PaC PP PaP SPa SPa SPa PaP

Ref Book EF2-210

FE1-134 FE1-134 FE1-134 FE1-135 IE-15

FE1-134 FE1-135 IE-16

FE1-133 FE1-133 IE-16 IE-16 IE-17

FE1-133 FE1-133 IE-15 IE-16 IE-17

Nobody wants to help her No one is in the room

Reference FE1-136 FE1-136 FE1-137 FE1-137 FE1-137

Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161

FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161

Notes "When" asks for information about time FE2-160

"Where" asks for information about place FE2-160

"Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160

Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-161

Notes "Where" asks for information about place FE2-160

Ref FE2-161 FE2-161 FE2-159 FE2-161

Notes "Why" asks for the reasons FE2-160

into the ditch? very fast? seeds?

Verb want? wearing? bought? buy?

FE2-168 FE2-168 FE2-168 FE2-168

Auxiliary Verb bag shirts one ones

Subject do are does has will will

Noun bus shops one ones

FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169 FE2-169

FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170 FE2-170

Wh Whose Whose Whose Whose Whose

Auxiliary Verb Noun book bicycle

Subject Aux Verb did has will does

Verb Subject you he siti John

Object/Complement Verb take? borrowed? use? wear?

Whose shoulders are the broadest?

used to ask about possession FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171 FE2-171