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Lipid bilayers
Membrane bilayer
5 - 8 nm thick
Lipid
Lipids
LIPIDS IN BIOMEMBRANE Semi-permeable barrier Fission/Fusion Tuning proteins function Gating of channels Chemical environment Adjusting membrane curvature
Mesoscopic outlook
Rawicz et al. Effect of Chain Length and Unsaturation of Elasticity of Lipid Bilayers. 2000 - Biophysical Journal
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) Topology of lipid bilayers Force spectroscopy mode
Nanometer scale
Mirror Laser
Quad PD
Cantilever
Mirror Laser
Quad PD
Cantilever
Focusing optics
DMPC bilayer (a) Without NaCl + MgCL2 (b) With NaCl + MgCL2
Effect of temperature
19C 27.2C 30.3C 31.3C 37.5C Gel-fluid phase transition in a DMPC bilayer Gel phase solid ordered phase Melting temperature: ~24C Fluid phase Liquid disordered phase
The longer the apolar chain, the higher the force required to indent the membrane
Conclusions
AFM force spectroscopy New tool to explore the mechanical properties of lipid bilayers Breakthrough force molecular fingerprint Nanometer and piconewton resolution Bridge the gap with MD simulations Chemistry of the phospholipid headgroups Effect on the mechanical stability of the membrane? Fingerprint the mechanical stability of a full cellular
Role of each individual phospolipid and protein on the mechanical properties of the membrane
Sullan et al. (2009) DOPC/SM/Chol + ceramide increases its mechanical stability in both phases Picas et al. (2009) POPE/POPG (3:1) two different calcium-induced domains Higher domains higher mechanical stability (0.92 nN) gel phase Lower domains lower mechanical stability (0.24 nN) fluid phase