Project Cycle

Maintenance
(1) Substrate Characteristics Contractor Management

Specification

Consultants Architect

Design Innovation Specification

(4) Verification

Project

(2) Performance Requirements

Material Innovation
Material Supplier

Test Laboratory (3) Application

Material Supply

Installation

Contractor

Substrate Characteristics
1. Chemistry of Asphalt 2. Physical Properties of Asphalt 3. Asphalt Substrates 4. Principles of Coating Technology

Terminology: Bitumen
Bitumen = amorphous substance: asphaltenes = dispersed phase

Chemical Structure of Ashaltenes

CH3

CH2 CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH3

Terminology: Bitumen
Bitumen = amorphous substance: asphaltenes = dispersed phase polar resin (protective layer) mixture of aromatic oils Asphaltic cement = binder

Terminology: Asphalt
Asphalt partially crystalline mixture Bitumen (polymer-modified) Aggregate (rock) Sand

Asphaltic Concrete

Polymer Modifications
Epoxy Asphalt Polyurethane Asphalt Polysulfide Asphalt Polyester Asphalt Phenolic Asphalt Rubber Asphalt Thermoplastic Asphalt

Terminology: Asphalt Emulsions

Mixture produced in colloid mill: Asphalt in water emulsion Stabilized by anionic or cationic surfactants

Used in subbase stabilization, cold patch compound, road oils

Substrate Characteristics (2)

1. Chemistry of Asphalt 2. Physical Properties of Asphalt 3. Asphalt Substrates 4. Principles of Coating Technology

Glass Transition Temperature Tg Transition of amorphous Materials from glass-like, hard-elastic to liquid, rubber-elastic Based on freeze-thaw-cycle of Browns molecular movements

Rheological Behavior of Bitumen

Newtonian Liquid Ideal Behavior

Viscosity

Modified Bitumen

Service Range -25C to -15C Tg

Process Range Viscoelastic to Newtonian

Temperature 50C to 70C

Rheological Nature of Asphalt

Temperature T (in C) T < - 20 C - 10 C < T < 50 C T > 70 C Rheology amorphous, glasslike material viscoelastic, thixotropic fluid Newtonian fluid

Dilutent Evaporation
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Rapid Cure Medium Cure Slow Cure

% of Dilutent Evaporated

1 day

1 week

1 month

4 month

Substrate Characteristics (3)

1. Chemistry of Asphalt 2. Physical Properties of Asphalt 3. Asphalt Substrates 4. Principles of Coating Technology

Asphalt Concrete Paving

Asphaltic Concrete (Blacktop): Mixture of polymer-modified asphalt (asphaltic cement), aggregate and sand Penetration Grade (ASTM D 946) Viscosity Grade (ASTM D 3381)

Installation
Surface Preparation (compaction of subbase, prime coat) Placement of asphalt concrete mixture (spreading at a minimum temperature of 105 C/225 F) Rolling (Compaction)

Field Quality Control

ASTM F2157-02 - Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks Section 5 -Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base 5.1 Type and Compaction two layers: base and wearing course 95% density (machine finished areas) 90% density (hand packed areas) 5.2 Test Method ASTM D2950

Field Quality Control (2)

ASTM F2157-02 - Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks Section 5 -Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base 5.3 Evenness 3-m straight edge depression not to exceed 6 mm (Class A & B) 8 mm (Class C)

Substrate Characteristics (4)

1. Chemistry of Asphalt 2. Physical Properties of Asphalt 3. Asphalt Substrates 4. Principles of Coating Technology

Polyurethane (PUR) Coating

1-component (1K) moisture cured PUR Prepolymer + water 2-component (2K) chemical cured Diisocyanate (NCO) or PUR-Prepolymer reacting with Polyol-component

1K PUR: Advantages and Application Limitations + no second component required curing profile greatly dependent on
climate conditions 9 moisture level 9 temperature

no thick film applications

1K PUR Prepolymer (Binder)

Moisture-cured prepolymer Binding of rubber granules Paved to 10 mm thickness Cure time of 24 hours

3939

Spurtan: Sandwich System

Top layer poured-in place Embedded EPDM granules UV protection & durability

Paved in place PUR-bound rubber-base-mat

2K PUR: Advantages and Application Limitations + thin and thick-film applications + curing profile independent of
moisture levels in environment

mixing of A&B component at correct mixing ratio required APT PU Mixing machine

APT 2K PUR Machine

Speed Control VFD Pump A Speed Control VFD Pump B EMO-500 Ratio Monitor

from A-reservoir Flowmeter A Progressive Cavity Pump A Flowmeter B

from B-reservoir Progressive Cavity Pump B Mixing Tube

PUR A/B Output

2K PUR Coating
Chemical-cured coating Embedding of EPDM Pot life 35 minutes Cure time of 24 hours

5050

Rekortan: Full-pour System

Top layer poured-in place Automated Installation of 2K PUR Coating Embedded EPDM granules Multi-Layer Middle: Shock Absorbing micro-foam PUR Qualipur 5050SA Bottom: Leveling layer

References
[1] Usmani, A.M.; Asphalt Science and Technology. 1st ed.;New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1997 [2] HEWLETT, P. (Editor): Leas Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, 4th ed., Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2004 [3] ASTM F2157-02: Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International 2002 [4] ASTM D946-99: Standard Specification for ASTM International, 1999 [5] ASTM D3381-99: Standard Specification for International, 1999

Penetration-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction, West Conshohocken, PA:

Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction, West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM