t8 en

MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
CATALOG T8
MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

Content
T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology
T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology
T 8.1 Measurement & Sensor Technology
Instrumentation, Control and Automation Technology Instrumentation, Control and Automation are terms from the Automation field. The aim of this field is to monitor and operate technical events and production processes by means of automatic-running control systems. Through the use of machine controllers human beings are exempted from monotonous control and operation tasks. Frequently, technical systems have requirements for accuracy, quickness and reliability that can't be met by human beings. In many skilled occupations, the rapidly spreading Automation technique calls for a sound knowledge of sensors and experience in dealing with control circuits. I&C Technology from LD Didactic takes this development into account. The present complete catalogue T8 Instrumentation, Control & Automation introduces our extensive product range based on state of the art technology. The equipments, arranged by fields of study, contain the material subdivided according to fundamentals and industrial applications. As a rule, experiments are carried out with modular experiment boards or multimedia training courses.
Print date: 23.08.2011
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Content
Training Systems Technical Data Measurement and Sensors Measurement and sensor technology courses impart skills necessary to measure the fundamental electrical quantities: Current, voltage, frequency, etc. As well as knowledge on the function of sensors: Strength, temperature, revolutions, pressure etc. An important component in the field of measurement technology is the present COM3LAB course Sensor Technology. Basics of Control Technology This field contains equipment for all skilled occupations requiring fundamentals or in-depth knowledge of control technology. In the experiments, technical models and electronic links with digital operation are used. Industrial Control Technology The field of Industrial Control Technology has been completely revised. Apart from an optimised, pneumatic instrumentation, the CASSY LAB 2 integration is particularly helpful here. Equipment sets Keywords
4 6 11
27
65
86 92
Symbols and abbreviations used in this catalogue: Experiment manuals contained Software contained Accessory required Battery required Compatible to COM3LAB USB support
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Training Systems Plug-In System and Training Panels
The training systems described in this catalogue can be classified into three categories: STE- Plug-In System electric/electronic TPS - Training Panel System COM3LAB-Multimedia STE Plug-In System Electric /Electronic The plug-in system developed by LD DIDACTIC is a proven experimental program for electricity and electronics. Electric and electronic components are mounted ready to use and protected from external mechanical damage by the plug-in elements transparent casings. The original component is visible through the transparent base.
TPS - Training Panel System Training systems based on experiment boards offer many advantages in labs and demonstration classes: Clear representation Block diagrams and schematic symbols according to DIN and IEC Connections through 19 mm jumpers Industrial modules and components for realistic measurement results Safety sockets and cables High compatibility with STE/SIM and COM3LAB training systems Continuous, thematic extensions.
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Training Systems COM3LAB-Multimedia
Theory and practice merged into one package COM3LAB is used in the vocational training of electrical engineering and electronics. COM3LAB acts as the interface between theory and practice. Thus COM3LAB not only conveys theoretical aspects of the subject matter, but at the same time deepens and consolidates this knowledge by real experiments. COM3LAB consists of a Master Unit and various individual courses (experiment board + CD-ROM). The Master Unit is the basic device through which the software and experiment board communicate with each other. More information for the COM3LAB components shown in this catalogue can be found in the COM3LAB-System-catalogue.
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Technical Details News from the Control Technology
The LD training equipment for measurement and control technology has been completely redesigned. Newly developed and updated electronic devices are based on state of the art technology. Modern low-offset and lowdrift components deliver precise results. Digital components with incremental transducers facilitate the adjustment of devices. This allows more time for experimenting, as time-consuming calibrations are rendered unnecessary. The consistent integration of Profi-CASSY and the use of CASSY Lab 2 Software simplify the execution and analysis of experiments. Complex calibrations on links and controllers, and their resulting imprecision are things of the past. All manuals in this catalogue are available in electronic form. Simply click on the example files and Profi-CASSY automatically begins obtaining measurement values.
Many components have digital parameter adjustments very simple.
controls,
making
Once adjusted, no unwanted parameter changes occur. Parameter values are always visible during experiments. Start-up procedures are self-explanatory.
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Technical Details Components with Incremental Transducers
Digital Controlled System (734 091) Proportional controlled system, time-delayed 2nd order integrating or double-integrating
up
to
Dead time element (734 0891) Element with proportional behaviour and adjustable dead time (max. 1 s). Ideal for recording frequency response curves.
Two position controller (734 011) A classical controller for slow controlled systems, e.g., temperature controls.
2nd Order transfer element (734 0951) A 2nd order oscillating system. Frequency and attenuation are adjustable.
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Technical Details CASSY-Interfaces and CASSY Lab 2 The CASSY family consists of various hardware components and the dedicated software package CASSY Lab 2.
CASSY Lab 2 CASSY Lab 2 is a modern 32-bit software, applicable for Windows XP/Vista/7 with the following features: Data recording Multimeter Oscilloscope XY-plotter FFT-analysis Variety of evaluation aids Export of measurement data and diagrams.
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Technical Details CASSY-Interfaces and CASSY Lab 2
524 013 Sensor-CASSY 2

Sensor-CASSY is a cascadeable interface for data recording. It has galvanic separated inputs and automatic sensor box recognition by CASSY Lab 2 (plug and play). Sensor-CASSY 2 is the interface with enhanced measurement ranges for: T 8.1 Measurement Technology T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology.
524 016 Profi-CASSY

The interface with analogue inputs and outputs for control technology applications: T 8.2 Control Technology T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology
Profi-CASSY is the interface for specific use in control technology and automation. Equipped with USB and PROFIBUS interfaces, Profi-CASSY can be connected to a network. With two analogue and 16 digital inputs and outputs as well as the PROFIBUS interface, it is incredibly versatile. Profi-CASSY is ideal for integration in PLC, COM3LAB, mechatronics or frequency converters. Profi-CASSY operates under different application programs, e.g. WinFACT or CASSY Lab 2 .
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MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY
T 8.1 Measurement and Sensor Technology
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T 8.1 Measurement and Sensor Technology Content
T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology
T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities
T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities
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T 8.1 Measurement & Sensor Technology Classification
Instrumentation, Control and Automation is an interdisciplinary field very prevalent in modern industrial society. Therefore, industry and transport management requires knowledge of energy, mass and traffic flows in production and logistics. The world is becoming more densely populated and requires intelligent processes for controlling and distributing its resources. Sensors are indispensable, as they deliver the data required for controlling processes.
T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities The influence of passive components on current and voltage can be demonstrated simply by exchanging plug-in elements (STE). With STE, circuits can be modified and tested according to personal preference. T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities Force and temperature are well-known examples of nonelectrical quantities that should be converted using electric controllers or controls for further processing. Training systems in this group work mainly with experiment boards (TPS). Industrial sensors are used to recognise packaged goods, and the internal structure of sensors remains hidden from the user. This is accomplished by optimising sensors in each individual application. T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology In the condensed version of the LD Multimedia training course, principles of measuring elementary electrical and nonelectrical quantities are studied. A special COM3LAB course (700 84) is dedicated to the important topic of Sensor Technology. This course focuses on measurement of nonelectrical quantities.
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Experimental set-up with the proven Plug-In System electric/electronic. Topics DC and AC measurements, high impedance sources Extending measurement ranges Impedance converter Instrument amplifiers Half wave and instrumentation rectifier F/U and AC converter Peak value measurement Exponential voltage and logarithmic voltage measurement.
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UA V 10
Current and voltage are directly available in electrical form and do not need to be converted by any sensors from the original measurement values. Thus the basics of electrical measurement technology belong also to the fundamentals of electrical engineering technology. We handle these topics with selected components out of our Plug-In systems.
10
20 t/s
By using Profi-CASSY and CASSY Lab 2 Software, electric power or energy can be represented as instantaneous or mean values.
EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.1.1
Measuring Electrical Quantities

Quantity 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 727 549N 726 88 524 013S 565 852 Description Basic SET T 6.1.11 AC/DC Stabilizer CASSY 2-Starter USB Book: Electronic Measuring Device Circuits T 6.1.11
The complete set of required material is given in the table at the end of this catalogue. Or simply ask for an actual offer.
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities Equipment Sets
T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement
T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods
T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities Equipment Sets
T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge Bridge abutments are monitored with strain gauges. Working with strain gauges in the lab is a very didactic example of how the mechanical quantity, Force, is converted into electrical signals. CASSY Lab 2 creates experiments that are particularly suitable for demonstration using a projector.
Claus Schmidt / pixelio.de
T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods A practical course based on the use of industrial sensors. Sensors are useful for material recognition and, under the correct circumstances, are able to detect piece goods on conveyor belts.
Martina Braun-Rotmann / pixelio.de
T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement Temperature determines the speed of chemical reactions and influences basic material properties. Physical quantities, such as pressure, concentration, density, pH value, flow rate, etc., depend directly on temperature. As a result, temperature is a very important status parameter in process engineering.
Dieter Schtz / pixelio.de
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge
Experimental set-up with bending rods and measurement timer Topics Conversion of the mechanical quantity force into electrical signals Function and calibration of measurement bridges Measurements per 4-conductor principle.
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge The measurement of force with a strain gauge is a technique used around the world for converting mechanical quantities into electrical signals. Its range of application extends from modern electronic scales in industry and households right up to load controls on building structures and large vehicles. The LD training system investigates the conversion of: Bending forces Tension forces and Torsion stresses.
F N
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 m/ g
Relationship between the loading mass m (horizontal axis) and the measured weight force F (vertical axis).
Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 55 734 56 734 565 311 87 524 016S2 727 66 315 36 Description Strain Gauge Transducer Tensile Test Bar Torsion Bar Dial Gauge Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB DC Bridge Amplifier Set of 7 Weights, 0.1 to 2 kg
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods
Topics Selection of a suitable sensor according to the material characteristics of the sample Alarm circuits with sensors Structure of a sensor chain for recording various sample material parameters.
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods
The equipment in this training system includes a large selection of real industrial sensors. This allows topics to be very closely oriented to practical applications. The hardware in this training system is comprehensibly supported with extensive teachware and training software. The large selection of different material samples makes it possible to perform specific correlations between individual sensors and real process technology.
A typical industrial sensor with practical quick-connect terminals.
Recognition of Packaged Goods

Quantity 1 1 1 Cat.-no 743 301 743 302 743 303 Description Standard Kit Sensors Extension Kit Sensors Case Test Samples
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement
Temperature measurement with various temperature probes. Topics Characteristic curve of a temperature-controlled system Temperature control using an on-off controller Temperature control using WinFACT On-off controllers with delayed feedback.
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T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement
Didactic controlled systems with large time constants are difficult to monitor and the control process is lengthy. Furthermore, measurement technology requires knowledge of how to manage industrial measuring probes. For this reason, temperature is measured in a special, high-temperature oven (model 734 38) reaching approximately 200C. Its time constant is around 10 min. Therefore, a faster system is tested for temperature regulation.
Foundries must maintain exacting, prescribed, temperature profiles for the molten mass.
Experiments with the most important types of temperature sensors are performed with our training system: Thermo element Resistance thermometer (Pt 100) Thermistor (NTC).
Temperature Measurement
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 13 734 38 734 74 734 75 734 76 734 77 727 66 524 016S2 Description Reference Variable Generator Power Amplifier Oven Model 20 V, 20 W NiCr-Ni Thermoelement Thermocouple Connection Pt-100 Resistance Probe NTC Temperature Probe DC Bridge Amplifier Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB
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Categories (selection) Electrical Basics Transformers, Rectifier Parameters of the AC current Strength, Pressure, Distance, Speed Temperature, Brightness.
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Measurement Technology with COM3LAB The COM3LAB courses included in this equipment impart the basics laws of electrical engineering as well as measure electrical quantities, such as voltage, current, and resistance. COM3LAB experiments are performed with circuits that have been previously prepared. In each unit, goal-oriented guidance and didactic multimedia simultaneously teach the experiment and its corresponding theory. In COM3LAB course Sensor Technology the measurement of nonelectrical quantities is studied. This course is equipped with many important converters, such as: Bending beam with strain gauge Pt-100, NTC, KTY temperature sensors Peltier elements Photodiode Reed contacts Etc.
COM3LAB courses offer a multimedia education with practical experiments. The experimentation circuits are pre-assembled, readyto-use function modules that make experimentation fast and effective.
EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.3
COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 700 11 700 12 700 13 700 14 700 84 700 00USB Description COM3LAB Course: DC Technology I COM3LAB Course: DC Technology II COM3LAB Course: AC Technology I COM3LAB Course: AC Technology II COM3LAB-Course: Sensor Technology COM3LAB Master Unit (USB)
The complete set of required material is given in the table at the end of this catalogue. Or simply ask for an actual offer. You can find complete information on COM3LAB products in the COM3LAB System Catalogue or online.
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BASICS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology
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T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology Content
T 8.2.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology
T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimization
T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses
T 8.2.5 Digital Control
T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements
T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines
T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control
T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines
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T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology Content T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines Technical controlled systems provide non-electrical controlled quantities, such as level, temperature, flow, listing angle, etc., and, consequently, require a sensor system to convert their respective controlled quantities into electrical signals. Experiments with technical control systems are particularly instructional. T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control The Fuzzy Control is a rule-based, expert system used to solve control problems without complex mathematics. The control algorithm is created on a PC and accesses the real controlled system through an interface. T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines Electronic controlled systems require no additional sensors, as only electrical signals are present in the control circuit. Because electrical signals are easy to measure, experiments with electronic control systems are distinguished by conclusive, quantifiable results. T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements In this course, controller and control systems are comprised of basic electronic modules (P, I, D elements) as well as summation points. T 8.2.5 Digital Control In contrast to a hard-wired hardware controller, here the controller is implemented either as a block-structured or a mathematical model on the computer. Communication with the real environment takes place through an interface. T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses Control circuits can be tested in the time domain or in the frequency domain. While transient responses are mainly discussed in the time domain, the Bode diagram, or circle diagram, is relevant to the frequency domain. Practical training for advanced students testing only electronic control systems as measuring objects. T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimization An optimum control circuit should remain stable when no external influences are present. If a disturbance occurs, the control circuit should quickly return to its initial status without experiencing great deviations from normal operations. The subject can be handled using electronic as well as technical control systems. T 8.2.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology Two condensed COM3LAB courses comprehensively introduce experimental control technology. In order to understand electronic control circuits, previous knowledge of operational amplifiers and sensor technology is required.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines Equipment Sets
T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control
T 8.2.1.6 Speed and Voltage Control
T 8.2.1.5 Brightness Control
T 8.2.1.4 Gas Flow Control
T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level - Measurement and Control
T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control
T 8.2.1.1 Temperature Control
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines Equipment Sets Control of Technical Lines is a focal point in the Fundamentals of Control Technology training system. The subsequent subjects are of great interest in technical training. T 8.2.1.1 Temperature Control T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow Measurement and Control T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level Measurement and Control T 8.2.1.4 Gas Flow Control T 8.2.1.5 Brightness Control T 8.2.1.6 Speed and Voltage Control T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control.
The speed at which a system responds to status changes is determined by its time constants. Moreover, time constants vary among technical systems. The following is a rough layout: Temperature: Fluid flow: Liquid level: Speed: Brightness: very slow slow slow fast very fast
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.1 Temperature Control
Process visualization (SCADA = Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition). Measurements can be professionally displayed using WinFACT and Profi-CASSY. Topics Characteristic curve of temperature controlled systems Temperature control with two-point controllers Temperature control using WinFACT On-off controllers with delayed feedback Setup of measurement instruments Calibration of measurement instruments.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.1 Temperature Control Temperature control in residential buildings, vehicles or workpieces classically illustrates control in systems with large time constants. The LD temperature controlled system, the on-off controller, and the PID controller are jointly addressed and can also be useful in the Fuzzy control field (T 8.2.2). The internal temperature sensor has been previously installed and a cooling fan and closable flap valve in the heating channel are used for testing disturbance reactions.
Instead of the oven model 734 38 from T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities, the thermally quicker Temperature Controlled System 734 12 is used here. This increases control dynamics and decreases measure-ment time.
Temperature Control
Quantity 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 011 734 02 734 12 734 13 524 016S2 734 482 568 222 Description Two Position Controller Reference Variable Generator Temperature Controlled System Power Amplifier Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition Book: Fundamentals Technology II, Vol. 2 of Automatic Control
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control
Level and flow measurement and control can be tested together within fluid controlled systems.
Topics Step response of flow controlled systems Fluid flow control with the PID Controller Fluid flow control with WinFACT.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.2 Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control
As is the case in petrochemistry or water management, level and flow are integral to motor vehicle technology and fundamental to production and logistics within industrial applications. Fluid throughput should be recorded, controlled and corrected at every stage: from tankers, through refineries, up through the clarification plant.
UA V 10
10
20 t/s
The liquid flow is measured with an internal sensor. Both absolute and relative reading flow meters can be created using CASSY Lab 2 software. Red: Flow measured in Closed Loop Mode (using integrated subordinate control system) Black: Open Loop
Liquid Flow - Measurement and Control

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 064 734 262 524 016S2 734 482 Description Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Liquid Controlled System Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition
1 564 24EN Book: Control of Technical Lines The complete set of required material is given in the table at the end of this catalogue. Or simply ask for an actual offer.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level - Measurement and Control
Level measurement in the liquid controlled system tank. The drainage of water from a tank is represented for different adjustments of the shut-off valve. A differential pressure sensor with a connected immersion pipe is used. Topics Level Control with the PID Controller Level Control with WinFACT.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.3 Liquid Level - Measurement and Control In addition to pressure measurement, temperature, flow, and the acquisition of filling levels in tanks and containers play a key role in the chemical industry. Different methods are used to measure filling levels. The LD training system uses the following probes: Capacitive Immersion pipe with differential pressure sensor Level switch with float
w V 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 5 10 15 20 t/s 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 x V
External sensors are required in order to detect the liquid level and support a preselected level within the control circuit.
EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.2.1.3 SUPPLEMENTARY TO T 8.2.1.2
Liquid Level - Measurement and Control

Quantity 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 81 734 876 564 24EN Description Differential Pressure Transducer Immersion Tube Book: Control of Technical Lines
The basic experiment can be extended for the dual tank model. The probes listed below can also be used in the basic experiment
OPTION
Liquid Level Control on a Dual Tank Model

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 264 727 68 734 861 734 881 734 89 568 24EN Description Additional Reservoir C/F-, L/F- and F/U-Converter Capacitive Bar-Type Probe Level Switch with Float Capacitive Level Switch Book: Control of Technical Lines
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.4 Gas Flow Control
Flow Control with blower and windmill type anemometer. Topics Step responses of gas flow control systems Gas Flow Control using PID Controllers Gas Flow Control using WinFACT.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.4 Gas Flow Control In classical control circuits, gas flow is measured and maintained at the desired value. The anemometer operates using thermal cross or thermosensors. Applications for gas flow controls include: Aeronautics Motor vehicles Air conditioning.
0
0 10 20 t/s
UA V 10
The static characteristic curve of a thermal anemometer is represented in the experiment. The air flow rate is measured.
The exploitation of wind energy creates a greater demand for technology which measures and controls flowing gasses. Varying wind speeds should be registered and converted into an optimum blade adjustment for the propeller (pitch control). If maximum energy production is to be achieved, the nacelle must be turned into the wind at all times.
Bigmama / pixelio.de
Gas Flow Control

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (): Cat.-no 666 630 666 632 734 02 734 064 524 016S2 734 482 564 24EN recommended Description Blower Windmill Type Anemometer Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition Book: Control of Technical Lines
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.5 Brightness Control
Topics Step responses of light controlled systems Brightness Control with PID Controller Brightness Control with WinFACT.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.5 Brightness Control Brightness control is a practical example of how fast systems are controlled. Control circuits responding to changes in brightness can be found within biological systems, sports halls, hospitals, cameras, etc. Experiments operate using newly developed controlled systems with extremely short time constants. Responses to starting point changes and disturbance reactions are tested.
Light controlled system 734 311 contains effective light source, interfering light source and light sensor. New electronic system with superbright LED.
Brightness Control
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 064 734 311 524 016S2 734 482 568 222 Description Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Light Controlled System Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition Book: Fundamentals Technology II, Vol. 2 of Automatic Control
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T 8.2.1 Technical Systems T 8.2.1.6 Speed and Voltage Control
Topics Step response of a machine set Speed control with PID Controller and WinFACT Voltage control Recording the load characteristics Reference and disturbance behaviour of speed control Time profile of reference control with CASSY.
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T 8.2.1 Technical Systems T 8.2.1.6 Speed and Voltage Control
The set of machines 10 W is a technical controlled system for experiments on speed and voltage control. It consists of an electrical drive including digital speed sensing, a generator machine and an electronic load. Using the adjustable load, real generator operation can be investigated. The machine set makes it possible to measure the load characteristic of the generator and the dynamic behaviour of systems of higher order. A microprocessor controlled power module supplies the drive machine. Thus no external power amplifier is required. The set of machines comes with 7-segment displays for the measurement of speed and torque.
n* rpm
3000
2000
1000
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 t/s
Optimum speed control Black: Reference Red: Controlled variable

UA1 V 6,5 6,5 7 7 UX V
5,5
5,5
4,5
4,5
3,5
3,5
2,5
2,5
t1 = 0,101 s, t2 = 0,703 s T1=0.40, T2=0.10 2

1,5
1,5
1
3 3,5 4 4,5 t/s
Dynamic behaviour of the machine set EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.2.1.6
Speed and Voltage Control

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 064 734 111 524 016S2 564 24EN 734 482 Description Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Set of Machines 10 W Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Book: Control of Technical Lines Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control
Topics Position control using PID controllers Position control using WinFACT.
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T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines T 8.2.1.7 Listing Control
Listing, or heeling, is the term given to the rolling movement of ships in waves or during the loading procedure. Listing occurs particularly when a heavy freight train mounts a ferry. When rail vehicles mount a ferry, there should be no rail kinks at the interface between ferry and feeder. Such control problems all of which pertain to attitude stabilisation can be investigated using listing controls. The system can be similarly operated using the real PID Digital Controller (734 064) or with a software controller based on WinFACT.
Listing controllers ensure balanced course tracking.
Listing Control
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 300 734 064 524 016S2 564 24EN 734 482 Description Reference Variable Generator Listing Controlled System PID Digital Controller Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Book: Control of Technical Lines Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition
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Software WinFACT
WinFACT is an industry-oriented software used to analyze, synthesize, and simulate conventional control systems as well as to manage FUZZY and neuro systems. In addition, WinFACT is used for process visualisation (SCADA). The software has a modular structure and allows real control circuits to be modelled. In the adjacent image depicting speed control of an electric machine, the simulated WinFACT control circuit works with a PID controller (red lines). Parallel to the simulated control circuit, there is a second, identically parameterised PID controller with ProfiCASSY as the interface. The actual machine set is connected to the Profi-CASSY (blue lines). The controlled quantities of actual and simulated controlled systems are plotted and printed together with the reference quantity (black lines).
y->
10 8 6 4
GENERATOR MOTOR Drive
Other technical or electronic control systems from this catalogue can also be modelled with the help of WinFACT. The better the real process is understood, the closer will be the correspondence between simulated and real results.
2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 t -> 20
The LD Didactic scope of supply contains the following software packages for experimental control technology:
When the model for the control system is built correctly, the real experiment and the simulation produce the same control quantity curve (speed). In addition, for optimum control adjustment, deviation from the desired speed (blue curve) should be as low as possible in both cases.
SOFTWARE PACKAGES
WinFACT
Cat.no 734 482 734 492 Description WinFACT7 LD Licence Contents BORIS 100 Blocks, time period Fuzzy, Optimization WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition BORIS 10 Blocks, time period
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Software
WinFACT / CASSY Lab 2
The COM3LAB/CASSY-Edition is a reduced, single-user license. It must be purchased separately for each workstation. Control circuits with a maximum of 10 block elements can be built using the COM3LAB/CASSY-Edition. Fuzzy and Optimisation are not included. The extensive package, WinFACT LD-Licence, allows concurrent use in up to 10 workstations. Apart from measurement, simulation, and representation in time domain, this licence contains a Fuzzy-Shell for building rule-based control circuits and optimisation modules. The LD Driver for COM3LAB and CASSY as well as the experimentation examples for WinFACT are included exclusively in both software packages.
CASSY Lab 2 CASSY Lab 2 is the operating and analysis software for interfaces of the CASSY family. With the aid of CASSY Lab 2, Profi-CASSY, which is commonly used in control technology, becomes a universal measurement and control instrument. The following functions can be implemented using CASSY Lab 2: Activation and control of Profi-CASSY analogue outputs Generation of transient, pulse, or ramp signals Recording measured signals in time domains Step response analysis Export and further processing of measured values using external software.
UY V
10
B
5
A C 1 D E 2 F
-5
-10
0 50 100 t/s
Follow-up control with CASSY Lab 2 speed control at set of machines 10 W.
SOFTWARE PACKAGE
CASSY Lab 2
Cat.-no 524 220 Description CASSY Lab 2 Contents Improved development of the successful CASSY Lab 2 software for recording and evaluating measurement data acquired using the CASSY family, with comprehensive integrated help functionality and many operable experiment examples Software.
Note: The software CASSY Lab 2 is included in the Starter Package. Example: in 524 016S2 Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB already included in the scope of supply.
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Air conditioners using Fuzzy control. Controlled systems can be heated electrically using halogen lamps and cooled by fans. Topics Conceptual Fuzzy controller design Definition of Fuzzy Sets Establishing linguistic rules Linear and non-linear Fuzzy controllers Fuzzy heating and climate control Speed control using Fuzzy Expert systems.
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Rule-based control algorithms Fuzzy describes a formula for controlling technical systems using almost no mathematics. The control strategy is defined in laymans terms. Fuzzy control is particularly useful for systems with many controlled quantities and can be used with a variety of everyday devices, ranging from washing machines to digital cameras. Three examples are presented in this practical training: Heating and climate Speed Control Position control P-Fuzzy and PI-Fuzzy controllers are built for linear and nonlinear controllers.
y ->
Reference Value Input from process FC
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 t -> 70
Curves for controlled quantity, control quantity, and reference quantity in a speed control system.
Fuzzy Control
Quantity 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 02 734 111 734 12 734 13 734 300 524 016S2 568 222 734 492 Description Reference Variable Generator Set of Machines 10 W Temperature Control System Power Amplifier Listing Controlled System Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Book: Fundamentals Technology II, Vol. 2 of Automatic Control
Software: WinFACT7 LD Licence (English)
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T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control Fuzzy Applications
Listing Controlled System
Set of machines 10 W
Temperature Control System
Fuzzy is also used in automotive engineering. After speed changes, Drive by Wire technology transmits the desires of the driver to a Fuzzy controller.
12
x
10
Teilexperiment 1
Regelgre Stellgre
Two-point control with Fuzzy
0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
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T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control Inside a Fuzzy controller
The Fuzzy PI controller with Profi-CASSY interface is built using the BORIS WinFACT module.
Schwerpunkt MAX-MIN StaTemp Boiler DynTemp
Structure of the PI-Fuzzy controller: The input variables are the Fuzzy Sets StaTemp and DynTemp. Boiler is the output variable.
Boiler
3D characteristic field of the Fuzzy climate control. Input and output quantities are plotted on the axes.
0 1 DynTemp
StaticTemp
-1 -1
1.2
Boiler
1.0
VerySmall Small Medium Big VeryBig
The linguistic output variable, Boiler, contains the following Fuzzy Sets: VerySmall Small Medium Big VeryBig
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
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T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines Basic Set
Topics Continuous, discontinuous and quasi-continuous control Recording and analysing step responses Feedback within transmission systems Output quantities of an open-loop control Control systems with start time and dead time Testing responses to set point changes and disturbance reactions.
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T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines Basic Set The equipment allows experiments ranging from fundamental to university levels. Classic transfer elements of control technology are examined in the time domain. Digital controls for controller parameters along with time constants allow simple, user-friendly and precise device operation. Both continued and discontinued controller versions are available. The CASSY Interface allows computer assisted control and analysis. For university applications, additional simulation using WinFACT is recommended.
The front panels show the standard international block diagrams.
Control of Electronic Lines

Quantity 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 011 734 02 734 064 734 0891 734 091 734 0951 524 016S2 734 482 564 19EN Description Two Position Controller Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Dead Time Element Digital Controlled System 2nd Order Transfer Element Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition Book: Control of Electronic Lines
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T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements Supplementary Set
PI controller built from discrete function blocks Topics Manual adjustment of system parameters Kp, Ki, Kd Measurement scales for instruments Recording and analysing step responses Modular PI and PID controller assembly Quasi-continuous control of a 2nd order system.
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T 8.2

T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer elements Supplementary Set
With this supplementary course, controller or control systems are comprised of basic electronic modules (P, I, D elements) as well as summation points. This offers greater flexibility in experiment design. Many experiments within Electronic controlled systems T 8.2.3 can be reproduced in detail using the modules. There are also additional interesting experiments, such as quasi-continuous control of 2nd order systems. Here, the discontinuous controller adopts a quasi-continuous controller response using feedbacks.
UA V 10
10
20 t/s
Step responses of different transfer elements and controlled systems are recorded with CASSY Lab 2.
EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.2.4 SUPPLEMENTARY TO T 8.2.3
Modules and Transfer Elements

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 03 734 04 734 05 734 07 734 08 Description P Controller Integral-Action Element Derivative-Action Element Summing point, 2 Inputs Summing point, 5 Inputs
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Topics Digital controller using Sample & Hold Digital controller using WinFACT Digital controller using CASSY Lab 2.
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In contrast to electronic analogue controllers, digital controllers require programming. This can take place in a block-oriented way using WinFACT, or in the form of mathematical relationships using CASSY Lab 2. In both cases one has the advantage of adapting controller structure and parameters to the requirements of each individual process. Sampling control and digital software controllers are tested. Electronic control systems are used as controlled systems .
Controller: software Controlled system: electronic hardware
Digital Control
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 41 734 064 734 08 734 091 524 016S2 734 482 564 22EN Description Sample and Hold Element PID Digital Controller Summing Point, 5 Inputs Digital Controlled System Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT COM3LAB / CASSY-Edition Book: Digital Control
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Frequency responses in form of Bode diagrams and circle diagrams can be recorded with CASSY Lab 2 as well as with WinFACT. The experiment procedure is the same in both cases. Topics Measurement of Bode diagrams Measurement of circle diagrams Determining a systems order Simulation of technical control circuits.
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The measurements show the Nyquist plot and Bode diagram of a PT2 element, both plotted using CASSY Lab 2. The PT2 element consists of two PT1 elements connected in series.
ATF 1
CASSY Lab 2 provides graphing tools to analyse amplitude response curves. It is possible, among other things, to determine the slope of the curve. For PT2 elements, this measuring function results in an attenuation increase of 40 dB per decade of frequency.
0,1
0,1
10 f / Hz
Recording of Frequency Responses

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 064 734 0891 734 091 734 0951 524 016S2 564 20EN Description PID Digital Controller Dead Time Element Digital Controlled System 2nd Order Transfer Element Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Book: Recording of Frequency Responses
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T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimisation
Topics Controller settings for a controlled system with dead time Stability testing of a 3rd order control system Simulation of technical lines Stability tests with Nyquist plots Criteria for system optimisation Controller optimisation according to integral criteria Controller optimisation according to adjustment rules.
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T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimisation
Stability testing and control circuit optimisation are among the most important tasks of control technology. Their results determine the usability of the planned applications control. This equipment allows experiments for numerical optimisation of system parameters with the help of evolution strategies. Computer assisted optimisation is tested according to selectable quality criteria (e.g. ITAE, ISE, etc.).
x V
10
10
x V
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 t/s
-10
Stability test of an electronically simulated gas flow control. The integral controlled system is governed by a PI controller. Depending on the selected control parameter, the closed loop control becomes unstable.
Stability and Optimisation

Quantity 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 04 734 064 734 08 734 0891 734 091 734 0951 524 016S2 734 492 564 21EN Description Integral-Action Element PID Digital Controller Summing Point, 5 Inputs Dead Time Element Digital Controlled System 2nd Order Transfer Element Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB Software: WinFACT LD Licence Book: Stability and Optimisation
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T 8.2.8 COM3LAB - Multimedia: Control Technology
Topics (selection) Analysis of controlled systems and controllers Controlled systems with or without compensation using high-order systems Analogue / digital control Quality criteria and adjustment rules Temperature, Speed and Intensity Control Systems with dead time using cascade control Frequency response curves using Fuzzy control.
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T 8.2.8 COM3LAB - Multimedia: Control Technology
COM3LAB courses Control Technology I/II are multimedia courses with complete introductions to practical theory. Experiments are carried out in electronic as well as technical control systems (light, speed and temperature controlled systems). Analogue controllers and digital controllers are available. In course II, additional experiments are integrated for Nyquist plots, non-linear control and Fuzzy control. They are ideal courses for further understanding of the control technology world. The subject can be prepared and completed through the COM3LAB courses Operational Amplifier (700 81) and Sensor Technology (700 84).
UA V 10
10
20 t/s
Step responses of different transfer elements and controlled systems are registered with a special transientresponse plotter.
COM3LAB: organized lab, experimenttation almost without preparation.
COM3LAB-Multimedia: Control Technology

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 700 81 700 82 700 83 700 84 700 00USB Description COM3LAB Course: Operational Amplifier COM3LAB Course: Control Technology I COM3LAB Course: Control Technology II COM3LAB Course: Sensor Technology COM3LAB Master Unit
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INDUSTRIAL PROCESS CONTROL
T 8.3 Industrial Process Control
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T 8.2
In the field of industrial control technology using commercial components, LD offers a variety of systems with practical features: Compact assembly, also suitable for small labs. Use of commercial components for training with real industrial devices. Computer analysis for a complete reporting. Compressed air is an easy-to-handle energy source used for training purposes. This is why the industrial control technology from LD works partially with pneumatic components. Pneumatic control technology can be supplementally connected to an industrial controller, e.g. a PLC. In addition, the subject area contains courses pertaining to industrial compact controllers as well as the control of industrial driving machines.
Instrumentation in the industrial control technology can take place on an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic basis. Processrelated or security-related reasons, e.g. due to explosion hazard, make it necessary the use of pneumatic devices in many production branches.
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T 8.3
T 8.2
Pressure measurement with CASSY Pneumatic devices include: controller servo units measuring transducer Sensor-CASSY and two pressure sensors S are used to measure pressure. Analysis and reporting take place using the CASSY Lab 2 software.
Pneumatic components work in the standard pressure range from 0.2 bar to 1.0 bar with Live Zero Technology, widespread in industrial applications. This process corresponds with 0.2 bar = 0% and 1.0 bar = 100%. The auxiliary power supply has a standard value of 1.4 bar, equivalent to the voltage supply in electronic devices. A pressure energy line exists with 2 bar (E1) as the process energy flow.
Relationship between absolute and relative pressure using Live Zero.
The pneumatic valves of the following devices are provided with electronic controls for SensorCASSY, allowing simple experiment procedures. Thanks to this system, pressure jumps or load variations can be easily and precisely controlled by the computer.
Process control with CASSY
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3 Industrial Process Control Equipment Sets

T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro-Pneumatics
T 8.3.7 Heating Control
T 8.3.6 Control of an Industrial Machine 300 W
T 8.3.5 Control with Compact Controllers
T 8.3.4 Process with Industrial Control
T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems
T 8.3.2 Pneumatic Controllers
T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control
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T 8.2
T 8.3 Industrial Process Control Equipment Sets T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control Basic equipment for industrial pneumatic control technology: operation of the air supply station, pressure adjustments, as well as handling compressed-air hoses, compressors and other basic, fundamental components. T 8.3.2 Pneumatic Controllers In addition to the complete control stations, controllers are also used as individual components and master control stations. Characteristics and curve families of different control blocks and master control stations are studied. T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems This supplement to the basic T 8.3.1 Basic Pneumatic Control Technology course supports experiments for high-order pneumatic systems. T 8.3.4 Process with Industrial Control This supplement to the basic T 8.3.1 Basic Pneumatic Control Technology equipment connects the controller to real industrial processes. The requirements for the industrial controller (PLC) are addressed in this project. T 8.3.5 Control with compact Controllers The core of this equipment is the Siemens industrial controller SIPART DR 19. The controller is configured for real technical / electronic controlled systems as well as for virtual controlled systems. T 8.3.6 Control of an Industrial Machine 300 W Speed control using an industrial machine as a model. T 8.3.7 Heating Control Model construction of a bivalent heating system for a building with real hot water circuits and thermal solar panels. T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Pneumatics / Electro Pneumatics These basic pneumatics and electro pneumatics courses impart knowledge about relay circuits and pneumatic valve control.
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T 8.2
T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control
Computer assisted experimentation in a pressure-controlled system Topics Setup procedure for the control station Venting and draining pneumatic devices Setting the direction of action and operating the manual-automatic switch Adjusting the operating point Recording pressure jumps and curve families Response to set point changes and disturbance reactions
T 8.3
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T 8.2
T 8.3.1 Basics Pneumatic Control Control system with air Two air supply stations provide outputs with 1.4 bar for the auxiliary line AUX and 2.0 bar for the process energy. A servo valve controls the air flow for the attached pressure controlled system (here: buffer storage tank). The valve position is controlled using the actuating pressure of the signal line. As the valve is closed when control pressure goes up, the direction of action should be set to on the controller.
pX bar
pW bar
0,5
0,5
0 0 10 20 t/s
Step response when controlling with a PI controller. The relative amplification is: XP = 100 %.
Training systems for pneumatic control technology are divided into one basic course and two follow-up courses.
pX bar
pW bar
0,5
0,5
0 0 10 20 t/s
Step response when controlling with a PI controller. Relative amplification: XP = 5 %. EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.3.1
Basics Pneumatic Control

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Cat.-no. 744 905 744 912 744 941 744 942 744 943 744 963 524 064 568 042 Description Filter-Air Pressure Supply Combination Pressure Step Generator Control Valve Pressure Control System Buffer Accumulator P/PI Control Station Pressure Sensor S, 2000 hPa Book: Basics Pneumatic Control
524 013SUSB CASSY 2 Starter USB
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T 8.3
T 8.2
Experiments using various pressure controllers Topics

Experiments on transfer elements Curve families of P, PD and PI elements Recording step responses Closed control circuit with delay element.
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T 8.3
T 8.2
In the chemical industry, applications exist which require higher demands on security, speed, or force adjustment, i.e., during tunnel construction, on drilling platforms, or in areas with high risk of explosion. These applications depend on non-electrical control systems with pneumatic or hydraulic instrumentation. Pneumatic instrumentation has the advantage of a readily available energy source (compressed air) for training purposes. That is why experiments that utilise pneumatic devices in teaching activities are easier to implement than, for example, hydraulic experiments.
py %
100
50
0 0 50 100 p /%
Curve family of a P controller for different relative amplifications XP/%.
In order to supply pneumatic components, one can rely on ones own private compressed air installation. If necessary, the experiments can also be easily carried out using a compressor.
Pneumatic Controllers
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Cat.-no. 744 905 744 912 744 913 744 951 744 961 744 962 744 963 744 965 524 064 568 162 Description Filter-Air Pressure Supply Combination Pressure Step Generator 3/2-Way Valve Time Delay Element, Two-Fold PID Controller Supply Line Station P/PI Control Station PD Control Station Pressure Sensor S, 2000 hPa Book: Pneumatic Controllers
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T 8.2
T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems
Experiment setup for measuring step responses on 2nd order delay elements Topics Step responses of delay networks Testing high-order controlled systems Response to set point changes and disturbance reactions of pneumatic controlled systems Using P and PI controllers in control circuits.
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.3 Extended Pneumatic Systems Similar to electric control technology, high-order pneumatic systems are implemented here by the series connection of delay elements. Two preset pressures are switched within the controlled system with an electromagnetic 3/2 way valve through a pneumatic pressure jump transducer. Command of the pressure jump transducer and system pressure analysis are carried out using Sensor-CASSY and CASSY Lab 2.
py %
100
Differenz: t = 28,62 s, p y = 0,0 % Differenz: t = 3,37 s, p y = 0,0 %
50
0 0 50 100 t/s
Also in pneumatic control circuits, step responses supply important information about the dynamic and stationary system behaviour. CASSY instruments clearly show the standard signal 0% to 100% with life-zero scaling. Experiments on pneumatic control technology teach necessary skills for handling flexible tubes, couplings, water separators, etc.
Step response and analysis for a 2nd order pneumatic system.
Extended Pneumatic Systems

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Cat.-no. 744 905 744 912 744 941 744 942 744 951 744 952 744 963 524 064 566 152 Description Filter-Air Pressure Supply Combination Pressure Step Generator Control Valve Pressure Control System Time Delay Element, Two-Fold Isolation Amplifier P/PI Control Station Pressure Sensor S, 2000 hPa Book: Systems Extended Pneumatic Systems
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T 8.3
T 8.2
The pneumatic process improves pressure control using industrial pneumatic components, e.g., by integrating a PLC controller. Topics Preparing compressed air systems and cleaning water separators Assembly and start-up procedures of pneumatic systems PLC Programming Linking PLC and pneumatic processes
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T 8.3
T 8.2
This equipment works with real industrial components from the field: Pneumatic control technology PLC. A novelty in practice-oriented training.
Industrial controller in the form of the Siemens LOGO!
EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.3.4 Supplementary Set to T 8.3.1
Process with Industrial Control

Quantity 1 1 Cat.-no. 730 4011 564 23EN Description LOGO! (24 V-Version with Transistor Outputs) Book: PLC Pneumatic Compact Controller Control and Industrial
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.5 Control with Compact Controller
The SIPART Compact Controller works within an electronic controlled system. Topics
Setup procedure for the SIPART DR19 control station Integrating controllers in different control circuits.
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.5 Control with Compact Controller
Controllers for industrial applications should be robust and versatile in use. As a rule, their settings are rarely modified and carry out their functions over long periods of time. However, the requirements of didactic controllers that are used for training are entirely different. The settings of these controllers are frequently modified and usually work for a short time within the same processes.
The Compact Controller 734 431 contains the Siemens Industrial Controller Module SIPART DR 19.
Control with Compact Controller

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 734 431 734 091 734 19 734 262 734 81 734 876 524 016S2 564 23EN Description Compact Controller Digital Controlled System Gain and Offset Adjust Liquid Controlled System Differential Pressure Transducer Immersion Tube Profi-CASSY-Starter Book: PLC Pneumatic Compact Controller Control and Industrial
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T 8.2
T 8.3.6 Control of Industrial Machine 300 W
Topics Use of manual-automatic switches Preliminary manual adjustment of control circuits Speed control Recording step responses Dimensioning controllers
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T 8.2
T 8.3.6 Control of Industrial Machine 300 W
This equipment works with an industrial machine in motoroperation. In the experiment one is trained to handle the mains voltage.
Controlling a 300 W Industrial Machine

Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no 734 02 734 064 734 16 734 19 734 22 731 91 731 09 524 016S2 568 062 Description Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Manual/Automatic Switch Gain and Offset Adjust Actuator 115...230V/1KW Shunt Wound Machine 0.3 Tachogenerator 0.1/0.3 Profi-CASSY-Starter Book: Applied Process Control System I
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.7 Heating Control
Training systems used to control heating and water service in buildings.
Topics
Security of electric resources Carrying out electric connections in the basement boiler room Measuring power Equipotential bonding Regenerative energy sources Measuring heating characteristic curves Adjusting heating controllers.
T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.7 Heating Control Using heating circulation pumps and real water circuits. Radiators with Peltier elements can be actively heated up and cooled down, producing actual temperature measurements in time-lapse analyses. Heating buildings using solar-assisted technology to heat service water.
Circulation pump for heating circuit.
Training profiles: Plant mechanic for sanitary, heating, and air conditioning systems Electronic technician for automation technology Industrial electrician specialising in devices and systems.
Radiator with temperature selector
Bypass with flow meter
Heating Control
Quantity 1 Cat.-no. 734 800 Description Heater Control
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T 8.2
T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics
Space-saving multimedia training systems can also be used as alternatives to extensive test stands and experiment boards. Combining the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course and the Pneumatics Board results in an improved experiment setup, with low space requirement while still advancing further into pneumatics. Topics Fundamentals of Pneumatics / Electro pneumatics Pneumatic and electric circuit diagrams Master control with single-acting cylinder Master control with double-acting cylinder L network controller Basic circuits with AND/OR operations Basic network with electric self-holding circuits Path-dependent controller Time-dependent and pressure-dependent controllers, pull-in and dropout delayed Sequence controllers.
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T 8.3
T 8.2
T 8.3.8 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics The COM3LAB course Electro Pneumatics imparts basic knowledge of pneumatics and electro pneumatics. The operation principles of pneumatic and electric circuits are graphically presented with the help didactical standard exercises. The COM3LAB Board is combined with an Industrial Valve Technology Board, or a COM3LAB Pneumatic Board, for experimentation. The course contains the following components: Relay, 4 change-over contacts Timing relay (pull-in and drop-out delayed) P/E converter Pressure sensor 0 - 10 bar Operation and observation elements 24 V voltage supply. The COM3LAB course Pneumatics Board (700 351) is a supplement to the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course. The Pneumatics Board is directly connected to the COM3LAB Electro Pneumatics Course, which monitors the status of components through the cylinders integrated displacement sensor. Components: Single-acting cylinder, spring recoverable with capacitive limit switch Double-acting cylinder with displacement sensor and cylinder switch Throttle check valves 5/2 way valves electrically operated, spring recoverable 5/2 way valves electrically operated, pulse valve Central closing valve for pressure supply Displacement sensor for the double-acting cylinder.
UA V 10
10
20 t/s
COM3LAB-Multimedia: Electro Pneumatics

Quantity 1 1 1 1 Cat.-no. 700 00 USB 700 35 700 351 Description Master Unit COM3LAB Course: Electro Pneumatics COM3LAB Course: Pneumatics Board Compressor
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T 8.3
T 8.2
Equipment Sets T 8.1
8.1.1.1
8.1.2.1
8.1.2.2
8.1.2.3 (1) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cat.-no. 311 87 700 11 700 12 700 13 700 14 700 84 727 41 727 549N 727 66 734 02 734 13 743 301 734 302 734 303 734 304 734 38 734 55 734 56 734 565 734 74 734 75 734 76 734 77 (): Recommended
Description Dial Gauge C3L-Course: DC Technology I C3L-Course: DC Technology II C3L- Course: AC Technology I C3L- Course: AC Technology II C3L- Course: Sensor Techno. Measurement Value Indicator Basic Set T 6.1.11 DC Bridge Amplifier Reference Variable Generator Power Amplifier Standard Kit Sensors Extension Kit Sensors Case Test Samples Teachware Sensoric Oven Model 20 V, 20 W Strain Gauge Transducer Tensile Test Bar Torsion Bar NiCr-Ni Thermoelement Thermocouple Connection Pt-100 Resistance Probe. NTC Temperature Probe
1 1 1 1 1 1 (1)
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
8.1.3
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T 8.2
8.1.1.1
8.1.2.1
8.1.2.2
8.1.2.3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cat.-no.
Description Accessories
315 36 500 98 501 48 501 511 501 512 501 532 524 013SUSB 562 793NA 577 32 577 38 577 60 577 64 577 657 577 68 577 71 577 97 664 121 700 00USB 700 00CBTDE 726 09 726 50 726 86 726 88 726 961
Set of 7 Weights, 0.1 to 2 kg 6 Safety Adapter Sockets, black Set of 10 Bridging Plugs Set of 10 Bridging Plugs Set of 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap Set of 30 Connecting Leads CASSY 2 Starter USB Power Supply 6 - 24 V Resistor 100 Resistor 330 Resistor 22 Resistor 47 Resistor 68 Resistor 100 Resistor 220 ,2W ,2W , 0.5 W , 0.5 W , 0.5 W , 0.5 W , 0.5 W 1 1 2
1 1
2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1
Resistance Decade Beaker Master Unit COM3LAB Software German Panel Frame T 130 Plug-In Board 997 x 300 Stab. Power Supply 15 V / 3 A AC/DC Stabilizer Function Generator 200 kHz 1 1 1 1 1
Literature 565 851 568 271 568 301 Electronic Meas.Device Circuits Force Meas. with Strain Gauge Temperature Measurement 1 1
8.1.3 1 1
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T 8.2
T 8.2
8.2.1.1
8.2.1.2
8.2.1.3
8.2.1.4
8.2.1.5
8.2.1.6
8.2.1.7
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Cat.-no. 666 630 666 633 666 632 700 81 700 82 700 83 700 84 734 011 734 02 734 03 734 04 734 05 734 064 734 07 734 08 734 0891 734 091 734 0951 734 111 734 12 734 13 734 262 734 264 734 300 734 311 734 41 734 481 734 491 734 81 734 861 734 876 734 881 734 89 (): recommended
Description Blower Thermal Anemometer Windmill Type Anemometer C3L: Operational amplifier C3L: Control Technology I C3L: Control Technology II C3L: Sensor Technology Two-Position Controller Reference Variable Generator P Controller I Element D Element PID Digital Controller Summing Point, 2 Inputs Summing Point, 5 Inputs Dead Time Element Digital Controlled System 2nd Order Transfer Element Set of Machines 10 W Temperature Controlled System Power Amplifier Liquid Controlled System Additional Reservoir Listing Controlled System Light Controlled System Sample and Hold Element WinFACT C3L / CASSY Edition WinFACT LD Licence Diff. Pressure Transducer Capacitive Bar-Type Probe Immersion Tube Level Switch with Float Capacitive Level Switch
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 1 (1) 1 (1) (1) (1) 1 1 (1) 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
LD Didactic
Page 88 of 94
T 8.2
8.2.8
T 8.2
8.2.1.1
8.2.1.2
8.2.1.3
8.2.1.4
8.2.1.5
8.2.1.6
8.2.1.7
8.2.2
8.2.3
8.2.4
8.2.5
8.2.6
8.2.7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cat.-no.
510 48 501 511 501 512 501 532 524 016S2 700 00CBTEN 700 00USB 726 09 726 86
Pair of Magnets 10 Bridging Plugs, black 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap 30 Connection Leads, 1 mm Profi-CASSY-Starter 2 USB C3L-Software English C3L Master Unit (USB) Panel Frame, T130, Two Levels Stab. Power Supply +/-15V/3 A 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 1
1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
Literature 564 19EN 564 20EN 564 21EN 564 22EN 564 24EN 568 222 568 232 568 342 Control of Electronic Systems Measurement Responses of Frequency 1 1 1
Stability & Optimisation Digital Controllers Control of Technical Systems Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology II, Vol. 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology II, Vol. 1 Flow Measuring of Gases 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
LD Didactic
Page 89 of 94
T 8.2
8.2.8 1 1
T 8.2
8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
8.3.6
8.3.7 1
Cat.-no. 700 35 700 351 730 4031 731 91 734 02 734 064 734 091 734 16 734 19 734 22 734 262 734 81 734 800 734 876 734 431 744 912 744 913 744 941 744942 744 943 744 951 744 952 744 961 744 962 744 963 744 965
Description C3L: Electro Pneumatics C3L: Pneumatics Board LOGO! Shunt Wound Machine 0.3 Reference Variable Generator PID Digital Controller Digital Controlled System Manual / Automatic Switch Gain and Offset Adjust Actuator 115...230 V / 1 KW Liquid Controlled System Diff.l Pressure Transducer Heater Control Immersion Tube Compact Controller Pressure Step Controller 3/2 Way Valve Servo Valve Pressure Control System Buffer Accumulator Time Delay Element, two Fold Isolation Amplifier PID Controller Supply Line Station P/PI Control Station PD Control Station
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.3.8 1 1
LD Didactic
Page 90 of 94
T 8.2
T 8.2
8.3.1
8.3.5
Cat.-no.
524 016S2USB 524 064 531 583 700 00USB 700 00CBTEN 725 25 726 09 726 86 731 09 731 06 731 08 731 07 744 900 744 902 744 905 744 906 500 59 500 611 500 611 500 612 500 641 500 6421 501 511 501 512 501 532
CASSY 2 Starter USB Pressure sensor S, 2000 hPa
1 2
1 2
1 2
Multimeter METRAport 40S Master Unit COM3LAB Software English Panel Frame VT150, 3 Levels Panel Frame T130, 2 Levels Power Supply 15V / 3A Tachogenerator 0.1/0.3 Coupling 0.1/0.3 Coupling Guard 0.1/0.3 Shaft End Guard 0.1/0.3 Compressor Type V01-10 Compressor Connection Hosing Filter / Pressure Supply Comb. Pneumatic Hose Couplers Set of 10 Safety Bridging Plugs Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, red Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, red Safety Conn. Lead, 25 cm, blue Safety Conn. Lead, 1 m, red Safety Conn. Lead, 1 m, blue 10 Bridging Plugs, black 10 Bridging Plugs with Tap 30 Connection Leads, 1 mm 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
1 6 6 6 6 6 2 1 1
Literature 568 042 568 162 568 152 564 23EN 568 062 Fund. of Pneumatic Control Pneumatic Controller Extended Pneumatic Systems Process with Industrial Control Applied Control Technology 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.3.8
83.2
83.3
83.4
83.6
83.7
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Page 91 of 94
T 8.2
T 8.2
Keywords
2
2nd order system, 8
3
3D characteristic field, 52
A
Amplitude response, 60 Anemometer, 40 Attenuation, 60 Automation, 3 Auxiliary power supply, 68
B
Block diagrams, 54 Bode diagram, 59 Buffer storage tank, 72
C
Circle diagram, 59 Closed loop mode, 36 Compact controllers, industrial, 67 Compressor, 70 Control algorithms, 50 Control system parameter, manual adjustment, 55 Control systems with dead time, 53 Control systems with start time, 53 Control technology, industrial, 67 Control technology, multimedia course, 64 Control, continuous, 53 Control, discontinuous, 53 Control, quasi-continuous, 53 Controlled systems, 58 Controller parameters, 54 Controller, digital, 57 Curve families, 73 Cylinder, double-acting, 85
D
Delay network, 75 Differential pressure sensor, 37 Direction of action, 71 Displaying processes, 33 Disturbance reaction, 34, 42, 71
E
Electro pneumatics, 85, 86 Energy sources, regenerative, 83 Equipotential bonding, 83 Evolution strategy, 62
T 8.2
T 8.2
F
Feedback, 53 Flow, 35 Fluid controlled systems, 35 Follow-up control, 48 Frequency response, 59 Fuzzy control, 49, 50 Fuzzy set, 52
H
Heating characteristic curve, 83 Heating circulation pump, 84 Heating controller, 83 Heating of buildings, 84 Heating of service water, 84
I
Immersion pipe, 37 Incremental transducer, 7 Industrial valve technology, 86 Integral criteria, 61 ITAE, 62
L
Level, 35 Light controlled systems, 41 Linguistic output variable, 52 Linguistic rules, 49 Live Zero, 68
M
Master control, 85 Master control station, 70 Measuring instrument, scale, 55 Multimedia, 26
O
On-off controllers with delayed feedback, 23 Open loop mode, 36 Open-loop control, 53 Optimisation, numerical, 62
P
Parameter, 7 Peltier elements, 84 PLC controller, 77 Plotter, 47 Pneumatics, 85 Position control, 45 Pressure jumps, 68 Pressure sensor, 86 Process control, 68
T 8.2
T 8.2
Process visualisation, 47 PROFIBUS interfaces, 10 Profi-CASSY, 10, 47 Programming, block oriented, 58 Programming, with mathematical relationships, 58 PT1 element, 60 PT2 element, 60
Q
Quality criteria, 62
R
Response speed, 32 Response to setpoint changes, 42, 71
S
Sample & Hold, 57 Sampling element, 57 SCADA, 33 Sequence controllers, 85 Servo valve, 72 Signal line, 72 Simulation, 54 Simulation of technical control circuits, 59 SIPART DR 19, 70 Slope, 60 Software controllers, 58 Step response, 35, 53 Summation points, 56 System optimisation, 61 System order, determination, 59
T
Temperature sensor, 34 Thermal cross, 40 Thermosensor, 40 Throttle check valves, 86 Time constants, 32, 54 Transfer elements, classic, 54
V
Valve, pneumatic, 68
W
Water separator, 77 WinFACT, 47
LD Didactic
Page 94 of 94
T 8.2
T 8.2
LD DIDACTIC GmbH
1345002- T8 Measurement and Control Technology 22.12
Leyboldstrae 1 D- 50354 Hrth Tel.: +49(0)2233- 604-0 Fax: +49(0)2233- 604-222 E-Mail: info@ld-didactic.de www.ld-didactic.com
www.LD-DIDACTIC.COM

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MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

T 8.3 Industrial Control Technology

T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology

T 8.1 Measurement & Sensor Technology

Print date: 23.08.2011

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

Many components have digital parameter adjustments very simple.

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

524 013 Sensor-CASSY 2

524 016 Profi-CASSY

MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

T 8.1 Measurement and Sensor Technology

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

T 8.1.3 COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

T 8.1.2 Measuring Nonelectrical Quantities

T 8.1.1 Measuring Electrical Quantities

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.1.1

Measuring Electrical Quantities

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

T 8.1.2.3 Temperature Measurement

T 8.1.2.2 Recognition of Packaged Goods

T 8.1.2.1 Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

Martina Braun-Rotmann / pixelio.de

Dieter Schtz / pixelio.de

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.2.1

Force Measurements with Strain Gauge

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

A typical industrial sensor with practical quick-connect terminals.

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.2.2

Recognition of Packaged Goods

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.2.3

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

EQUIPMENT LIST T 8.1.3

COM3LAB-Multimedia: Measurement Technology

MEASUREMENT & SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

BASICS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

T 8.2 Basics of Control Technology

BASICS OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

T 8.2.7 Stability and Optimization

T 8.2.6 Recording of Frequency Responses

T 8.2.5 Digital Control

T 8.2.4 Modules and Transfer Elements

T 8.2.3 Control of Electronic Lines

T 8.2.2 Fuzzy Control

T 8.2.1 Control of Technical Lines