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EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

RESERVOIR ENGINEERING I CGE567 JUNE 2012 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of five (5) questions 2. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a three- page Appendix

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

QUESTION 1 (P06, C02, C4, C6) An undefined hydrocarbon sample with a measured molecular weight of 94 and a weightaverage boiling point of 655R is collected from nameless oil field in the north east of Malaysia. In the initial PVT analysis, it is found that the number of carbon atoms of the component is equal to 7. Based on the provided information and as team member of this research group: a) Determine the molecular weight of various cuts in the hydrocarbon system. (8 marks) b) Estimate the critical pressure, critical temperature, and acentric factor of this unknown hydrocarbon fraction. (12 marks)

QUESTION 2 (P06, C03, C4, C4) A group of undergraduate students plan to perform a fundamental study on flow behavior of hydrocarbon fluids inside the petroleum reservoirs. As an initial investigation, they intend to determine average porosity and saturation distribution in their laboratory sample. Their laboratory sample prepared in form of six layers with different porosities and fluid saturation as indicated in Table 1. Table 1 Reservoir sample properties Sample hi, ft
*,%

So, %

Swc, %

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 1 . 5 1 2 2 . 1 1 . 1

10 12 1 1 13 14 10

75 77 79 74 78 75

25 23 21 26 22 25

As a group member of this research team: a) Calculate the arithmetic and thickness-weighted average porosity of this system. (8 marks) b) Determine average oil and connate water saturation. (10 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 3 (P01,C01,C1,C1,C2)

EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

The amount of crude oil production in most of the petroleum reservoirs depends on the viscous, capillary and gravity forces available inside the porous media. Reservoir wettability is also a major parameter controlling mentioned forces, electrical properties and relative permeability. Detail and complete understanding of these properties is required as a basic knowledge of any reservoir engineer to predict the behavior and future depletion strategies of the underground reservoir. Thus, as a knowledgeable reservoir engineer: a) Describe capillary pressure and reservoir wettability. (8 marks) b) List down different reservoir wettabilities based on their contact angle with different reservoir fluids. (6 marks) c) Classify and describe relative permeabilities for all of the fluids available inside the reservoir (Justify your answer using formula and related schematic figures and graphs, if required). (6 marks) QUESTION 4 (P06, C03, C2, C3) Naturally occurring hydrocarbon systems found in petroleum reservoirs are mixtures of organic compounds which exhibit multiphase behavior over wide ranges of pressures and temperatures. These hydrocarbon accumulations may occur in the gaseous, the liquid and the solid states, or in various combinations of them. Frequently, petroleum engineers have to study the behavior and characteristics of petroleum reservoir fluids to determine the future and current production of the hydrocarbon formation. However, as a first stage they should define the type of the hydrocarbon reservoir based on the initial reservoir properties. As a petroleum engineer: a) Explain and classify different oil reservoirs based on their initial properties using related sketches. (10 marks) b) Construct relevant P-T diagrams for all of the oil reservoirs considered in part (a) of this question. (10 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 5 (P01,C03, C4, C6)

EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

A sour gas field is located in the Caspian Sea with the gas production rate of 11000 Scf/Day. The produced natural has a yellowish color with the pseudo critical pressure of 654.4 psig. The compositional analysis of the gas shows that it contains 5% C0 2 and 10% H2S impurities. Based on the provided information: a) Calculate the density of the gas at 3500 psia and 160F using Wichert-Aziz method. (12 marks) b) Estimate the isothermal compressibility factor for this gas at the same pressure and temperature. (10 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

Parajfink group \n(Tb)p = ln(1.8) + ^[ai(n-6)i

6

Naphthenk group ln(7] )N = ln(1.8) + [a. (n - 6)'"1 ]

1=1

ArmtMtkgroup ]n(Th)A = ln(l.8) + ^

?=t

[#f.(n-6)l~l)
Aromatic, A 5.86717600
1

CtNsffieient
*i

Paraffin, P 5.83451830 0.84909035 x 1CH -0.52635428*10 0.21252908 IO0.37285365 * 10"T

}

Xapthcne. A T 5.85793320 0.79805995 x 10" -0.43098101 xlCF 0.14783123x10-' -0.270952 1 6 K t(H 0.19907794 x 10~7

//, *,
tf4

0.80436947 x 10"1 -0.47136506 x 1CH 0.18233365 x 1(H -0.38327239x10-* 0.32550576 x 10-7

rf, **

-0.44933363 x 1CH

Pamffimc gronp (M)p- 14.026// + 2.016 Naphthenk group (M)N = 14.026w- 14.026 Aromatk group (M)A~ 14,026;? -20.074

Pamffink grattp (pjp

206.1260%*? + 29.67136 (0227 n + 0.34O)2 _ 206.126096?? - 206.126096 " (0.227-O.B7) 2 (0.227ff-OJ25r

Naphthenk group (A- Av Aromatic group (pjA =

206.126096a-295.007504

T, * xp (T:)P 4 X^T^
V pc = T -F *p
1

4 x/r f ^

PC

PC

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APPENDIX 2

EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

tr

,, <T\ -S-(| i 3 M < P f ) f ) ~ 3.501952} [ /|l-*-(co) p J )

Napbtbentc group {rf)s-Sl\l

|

'
/|l+(0))p| J

\ (/,, ) s

,T.

o f, . 3^(^)^1-3.5019521^,

5 0.99670400 + 0.0004315 5 S, = 0.99627245 + 0.00043155?/ 3fkg<P,/l4.7)l 7f(T./T,)~lj

Parttffinic group (co)p = 0.43 2 + 0.0457 Naphthenk group (m)N = 0.043 2w - 0.0880 ArmttMtk group {m)A = 0.0445// - 0.0995

T , ^ 187 + 330 Yg-71.5 i f 1^=706-51^-11.1^ Tpe= 168 + 325 Y g -12.5 TJ

Ppc

= 677 + 15.0 y g - 3 7 . 5 ) 1
Ppc 'pc

ppc

Tp + B(I~'B)e

e = 120 [A0-9 - A 1 - 6 ] + 15 (B 0 - 5 - B4-0)

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APPENDIX 3

EH/JUN 2012/CGE567

Standing and Katz Graph

3 4 5 Pseudo reduced pressure

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