-CHEAPER GAIN AS STEEL BECOMES FULLY EFFECTIVE

600

700 COLUMN DIAMETER (rom)

800
Steel

600

700
C0LUHN SIZE (rom)

800

Fig. 7 Cost to reduce the size of an 800 x 10 CHS G350 tube filled with 60 MPa concrete by using thicker pate.

Fig. 8 Cost to reduce the size of an 800 x 800 mm RC column with 1 percent reinorcement by adding reinorcement.

constructability will be needed to produce the optimum result. The first step in using higher strength concretes will be its use in Steel tubes, and research is under way to justify this use of the material. Tubecolumn construction is a con- struction breakthrough that provides great constructability and economy. References
1. Sparrow, C. J., High Strength Concrete in the Melboume Central Project, CIA Biennial Conference, Adelaide, 1989, Concrete Institute of Australia, Sydney, 1989. 2. Rose, M. A., and Martin, O., Optimisation of Reinforced Concrete Cores in Tall Buildings, CIA Biennial Conference, Adelaide, 1989, Concrete Institute of Australia, Sydney, 1989. 3. Webb, J., and Peyton, J.J., Composite Concrete Filled Steel Tube Columns, 2nd National Structural Engineering Conference, Insti-

tution of Engineers, Adelaide, Oct. 1990, Institution of Engineers Australia, Canberra, 1990. 4. Crawley, D. B. Very High Strength Concrete for Earthquake Resistant Structures, CIA Biennial Conference, Adelaide, 1989, Concrete Institute of Australia, Sydney, 1989. 5. Mander, J.B.; Priestiey, M.N.; and Park, R., Theoretical Stress Strain Model for Confined Concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 114, No. 8, pp. 1804-1826. 6. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-89/318R-89)," American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1989, 353 pp. 7. Patrick, M., and Bridge, R. Q., Ductility of Simply-Supported Composite Beams, Steel Construction (Sydney), V. 22, No. 2, May 1988. 8. Inha, T.; Korander, O.; Penttala, V.; and Soderland. K., High Strength Concrete In Fin land, HP '90 X 1 Congress, Hamburg, Ger many. 9. European Composite Structures Code, Eurocode 4, 1990.

Received and reviewed under Institute publicaron policies.

10. Bergmann, R., Composite Columns Construction and Eurocode 4, IABSE Report. V. 61, 1990, pp. 39-68.

John Webb is an associate director of Connell Wagner (Vic). Pty. Ltd., one of Australias leading tall building design consultancies. Connell Wagner have been extensively involved in using high strength concrete in their structures in Australia, particularty in the last five years. Webb was project leader on the Casselden Place project, which featured the first Australian use of high strength concrete in unreinfor- ced tubes.

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