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Linear Programming Models Graphical Approach

STEP 1
YOU MUST BE ABLE TO CORRECTLY MODEL THE CASE IN MATH FORMULA IF NOT THEN USELESS . READ THE CASE CAREFULLY AND INTEPRET THE CASE INTO MATH ACCURATELY

STEP 2
Lets assume the case has been mathematically formulated as below: Max profit = 3x + 2y subject to
2x + y <= 150 2x + 3y <= 300 x >= 0 y >= 0 end

STEP 3
Find the end points from each constraint formula 1. 2x + y <= 150
If x = 0 then y = 150 -- (0, 150) If y = 0 then x = 75 - (75, 0)

2. 2x + 3y <= 300
If x = 0 then y = 100 -If y = 0 then x = 150 -(0, 100) (150, 0)

3. X >= 0 4. Y >= 0

STEP 4
Draw the line from the ends points based on the respective formula
150 125

2x + y <= 150

100 75 50

25

2x + 3y <= 300

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

STEP 5
Determine the area covered from each constraint
150 125

2x + y <= 150
1. Test by substituting points above and below the line e.g. (0,0) and (100, 100) If it meets then this point is within the area Below the line 2 (0) + 0 = 0 <= 150 INSIDE THE AREA Above the line 2 (100) + 100 = 300 >= 150 OUTSIDE THE AREA

100 75 50

25

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

STEP 6
Determine the area covered from each constraint
150 125 1. Test by substituting points above and below the line e.g. (0,0) and (100, 100) If it meets then this point is within the area 2 (0) + 3(0) = 0 <= 300 INSIDE THE AREA 2 (100) + 3 (100) = 500 >= 300 OUTSIDE THE ARE

100 75 50

25

2x + 3y <= 300

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

STEP 7
Determine the feasible area
150 125

2x + y <= 150

100 75 50

25

2x + 3y <= 300

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

STEP 8
Determine the feasible area
150 125

100 75 50

25

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

STEP 9
Determine the corner points
150 125

0,100

1. 2.

100 75 50

To find B, we need to use substitution or elimination method from formula 1 and formula 2 B = 37.5,75

B 37.5,75

25

75,0
0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175

STEP 10
Determine the optimal point solution Method 1 Substitution from the corner points
150 125

0,100

100 75 50

B 37.5,75

Max profit = 3x + 2y 1. 0,100 - 3 (0) + 2 (100) = 200 2. 37.5,75 - 3 (37.5) + 2 (75) = 262.5 3. 75,0 --- 3 (75) + 2 (0) = 225 So, the objective function value = 262.5

25

75,0
0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175

STEP 11
Determine the optimal point solution Method 1 Isoprofit Line
150 125

0,100

100 75 50

Max profit = 3x + 2y 1. 37.5,75 - 3 (37.5) + 2 (75) = 262.5

B 37.5,75

So, the objective function value = 262.5

25

75,0
0
25 50 75 100 125 150 175

THE END