Tutorial 5- chemical bonding

Activity 1: Formation of chemical bonds Choose the correct answer from the table

Sharing monoatomic

ionic arrangement

stable inert

chemical bonds covalent duplet

Noble gases are gases. They exist as.. gases and are chemically unreactive . They have ... octet or .. electron ..

Other atoms besides noble gases tend to achieve the stable electron arrangement through the formation of

Two types of chemical bonds : (i) .. bond - formed when atoms join together by transferring of electrons (ii) .. bond - formed when atoms join together by ..of electrons

Activity 2 1 Underline the correct answer. To achieve a stable electron arrangement : (i) A metal atom (donates / accepts) electrons , forming a (positive / negative) ion called cation . (ii) A (non-metal / metal) atom accepts electrons , forming a (positive / negative) ion called anion .

Complete the diagram below.

(a)

(b)

Activity 3 1 Formation of ionic compound, sodium chloride ( NaCl ) Electron arrangement of sodium atom is ............................................................. A sodium atom .one electron to achieve the electron

arrangement which is 2.8. Sodium ion, .......... is formed Electron arrangement of chlorine atom is.. Electron from sodium atom is transferred to a .atom A chlorine atom electron from sodium atom to .. the stable electronwhich is 2.8.8 Chloride ion,.. is formed The sodium ion, Na and chloride ion, Cl formed are ..to one another to form an ionic compound .., NaCl . The strong .forces between the opposite-charged ions is called .bond.

Complete the diagram below.

2.8.1 Sodium atom,Na

2.8.7 Chlorine atom,Cl

............. Sodium ion,

............... Chloride ion, ..

Activity 4 : Formation of covalent bonds Fill in the blanks with the correct words. 1 Covalent bonds are formed when .. achieve . electron arrangements . 2 Types of covalent bonds:(i) (ii) atoms .. electrons to

(iii) 3 A single bond is formed when of electrons is shared between two atoms. A double bond is formed when ..of electrons is shared between two atoms. A triple bond is formed when .of electrons is shared between two atoms. 4 Formation of hydrogen molecules, H2 : A hydrogen atom has valence electron, with an electron arrangement of... It needs .. more electron to achieve the .. electron arrangement ..hydrogen atoms one electron each for Shared-paired electrons forms a .. bond in the hydrogen molecule, H2 Single bond holds the two hydrogen atoms together because the shared-pair of electrons is attracted to the.. of both atoms 5 Complete the diagram below. (a)

(b) A covalent bond can be illustrated by using.

Formation of oxygen molecules, O2 : An oxygen atom has valence electron, with an electron arrangement of.. It needs .more electrons to achieve the .. electron arrangement ....oxygen atoms sharepairs of electrons forming a..bond

2 Draw the electron arrangement for the formation of oxygen molecule. (a) [Proton number : O, 8 ;]

(b) Illustrate the formation of oxygen molecule using the Lewis structure.

Activity 5 Ionic bond Valence electrons Characteristic Electrons involved Elements Electron transfer to achieve stable electron arrangement Bond formation Particles Non-metals atom and non metal atoms Covalent bond

Activity 6 Ionic compound Properties Physical states at room temperature Melting points Boiling points Electrical Conductivity Solubility in water Solubility in organic solvent Covalent compound

Activity 7 1

Atom A (a) Write the electron arrangement for atom A.

Atom B

.. (b) A and B can form a compound (i) What type of bond holds atom A and B together ? .. What will happen to atom A during the formation of the compound with atom B? ..

(ii)

(iii)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed in (b)(ii).

(iv) State one physical property of the compound formed. ..