Bg-R u-E n

Basic Gra m mar

PhraseBook

B ulgarian, R ussian, English

Most using words and phrases

All source Prepared from internet

2009

Hello, I m ivaylo{} I prefer this article and book in English language and I want to say first; all
around the world have so many language and language rule this rules and word meaning doing life style and
country, some language is near among them. I want to explain this near language, I interest language because I
m interest computer systems{computer science} and all of the internet and when I start the searching something
else on the internet. I feel must understand different language for the over informatin, source. One language
only giving one culture one information source{and this source is duplicate and repeated} but more language is
giving more culture and informatin and source like universal looking this is giving to person more thinking
power and be capable on the world. Now I m understand four language and I like learning. This time I found
one source on the internet I know main or copy and where arrive and go ...
This book is prepared on internet web pages and some article on web again and I give everywhere free
like I m geting on web. I' ll give all open encyclopedia, all open article share web pages , I' ll give my E-mail
for the information or anything else, finally I want to say next time I' m think prepare like this book but among
them German - Netherlands - English language, thank you for the gething this book ...

ivaylo ivaylov
ivayloivaylov@gmail.com

Bulgarian for Beginners

Bulgarian is a Southern Slavic language with approximately 12 million speakers in many countries. Beyond
Bulgaria, it is also spoken in but also in Turkey, Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Greece, and even
Canada, USA, Australia, Germany and Spain.
Bulgarian was the first Slavic language to be written, starting in the 9th century using the Glagolitic alphabet.
That was gradually replaced by an early version of the Cyrillic alphabet.
Part one of this course is only intended for absolute beginners.
Contents
Lesson 1: Pronunciation
Pronunciation Exercises
Lesson 2: "To Be", Negation, , Gender
Text Vocabulary "To Be" Negation ? Gender Exercises
Lesson 3: Present Tense, Definite Form, What? What kind of?, Question Forms
Text Vocabulary Present Tense Definite Form What? Cases Question Forms Exercises
Lesson 4: 2nd Present Verbs, One, This/These, 1 to 10, Personal Pronouns, Imperative Mood
Text Vocabulary 2nd Present One This, These 1 to 10 Personal Pronouns Imperative mood
Exercises
Lesson 5: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Adjectives, Possessive Pronouns
Text Vocabulary Definite Article Relative Pronouns Adjectives Possessive Pronouns Exercises

Part One - The Basics

1 / Lesson 1: Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Bulgarian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet. Modern Bulgarian Cyrillic has 30 letters:

Letter

Name

IPA value
[a]
[b]
[v]
[g]
[d]
[]
[]
[z]

[i]

[ j ]

[k]

[ l ], [ ]

Approx. English sound"

as a in English "far, father"
as b in English "bird"
as v in English "victory"
as g in English "go"
as d in English "delay"
as e in English "pet"
as s in English "vision"
as z in English "zealot"
as ee in English "need", as y in English
"happy"
as y in English "yes", "you"
as k in English "sketch"
as ll in English "fill", as l in English "blue"


[m]
as m in English "meat"

[n]
as n in English "need"

[]
as o in English "fork"

[p]
as p in English "speak"

[]
as the Scottish r

[s]
as s in English "soap"

[t]
as t in English "stop"

[u]
as oo in English "food"

[f]
as f in English "fast"

[x]
as ch in Scottish loch

[]
as ts in English "cats"

[]
as ch in English "cherry"

[]
as s in English "sure"

[ t ]
+ t"
[ ]
as in English "bird"

No phonetic value*"

[ ju ]
as English "you", as ew in English "new"

[ ja ], [ j ] as ya in English "yard"
is used only after consonants and before , where it marks palatalisation of the consonant.
Bulgarian spelling can also employ vowels with
grave accent to mark the stress (e.g. in textbooks for
foreigners), or to disambiguate some homographic
or homophonic words (e.g. (steam) and
(old coin)). The 3p singular feminine personal pronoun should always be spelled ( with grave) to
disambiguate it from the conjunction (and). Unfortunately this character is present in only a few fonts, so on a
computer people usually type or .

Exercises
Exercise A: Read aloud:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)

11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)

2 / Lesson 2: "To Be", Negation, , Gender

/ Text
: , ?
: . .

: . ?
: . ?
: . ?
: . ?
: . , ?
: . .
btw: and are names (Maria and Anton).
/ New words

Vocabulary
!
?
() ?

() ?
?

()
()

Hello!, Hi!
How?
What is your name?
well, OK
too
Where are you from?
where?
from
(from) Russia
(from) Bulgaria
yes
Nice to meet you
Bulgarian (language)
here

/ Grammar
1) / "To Be"

I am
you are (sg.)
he is
she is
it is
we are
you are (pl.)
they are
/ Negation

The negative form of the verb "" (to be) is formed by adding the negative particle "" bofore the verb:

I am not
you are not (sg.)
he is not
she is not
it is not
we are not
you are not (pl.)


they are not
But you don't need obligatorily from a subject in each sentence. You can say: , but you can
also say: . You can miss "" but to do that you have to put the object before the verb. "
." or " ." " ." or " ."
2) ?

When you aren't sure of something, you can make a statement asking for confirmation using .
You are from Bulgaria, aren't you? , ?
You speak Bulgarian, don't you? , ?
She isn't here, is she? , ?
3) / Gender

In Bulgarian there are three genders (such as in Russian or German): masculine ( ), feminine
( ) and neuter ( ). Every word has a gender and there are some rules for their
determinations:
Words from masculine end usually in a consonant, or in :
(a man), (a wolf), (a film), (a hero), (a life)
But there are some words that end in A or :
( father), (an uncle), (a grandfather), (a judge) etc
Words from feminine end usually in , -, -, -:
(a woman), (a table), (an apple), (a room), (joy), (an illness) etc
There are few exceptions that end in a consonant:
(a night), (blood), (sugar), (salt), (autumn) etc
The nouns that belong to the neuter gender have endings -, -, or end in , , , (the latter are usually loan
words):
(a boy), (a girl), (a lake), (a face), (a name)
(a taxi), (a jewel), (a menu)

/ Exercises
Each lesson will come with some exercises so you can practice the grammar and vocabulary of the lesson.
Exercise A: Translate the text above into English.
Exercise B: Write the gender of these words:
1) (a book)
2) ( a rabbit)
3) (a computer)
4) (a notebook)
5) (a tree)
6) (winter)
7) (a student)
8) (water)
/ Solutions
After you've done the exercises you can check whether your answer is correct using the following solutions:
Solution of Exercise A:
Translation:
Anton: Hello, what is your name?
Maria: Hello. I am .
Anton: I'm okay. What is your name?
Maria: . How are you?

Anton: I'm well. How are you?

Maria: I am well too. Where are you from?
Anton: From Russia. You're from Bulgaria, right?
Maria: Yes. Nice to meet you.
Solution of Exercise B:
1) - f
2) - m
3) - m
4) - f
5) - n
6) - f
7) - m
8) - f

3 / Lesson 3: Present Tense, Definite Form, What? What kind of?, Question
Forms
/ Text
: !
: !
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
: ?
: .
/ New words

Vocabulary

(f)

(f)

?
(f)
(f)

again
where (to)
you are going, you go
I'm going, I go
to, next to
library
the library
why?
I have, I'm having
work
there
what (for feminine words)
homework
geography

and
I'm looking for, I look for, I'm searching, I

search
(f) information about

you want
(f)
help an exception
(n) with pleasure
/ Grammar
1) / Present Tense

In Bulgarian language there isn't any difference between 'present simple' or ' present continuous" so when you
say "" you can translate it as "I go" or "I'm going".
I write or I'm writing
(m) every day
(n) a letter (post)
. I write every day.
. I'm writing a letter right now.
In Bulgarian language there are three conjugations of the verbs. Now we are going to consider the third
conjugation.
The verbs from the third conjugation end usually in or . Look up these examples:
You have to remove the ending "-" or "" from the verb and then to put the following endings:
to have
+ =
I have
+ =
you have
+ =
he has
+ = we have
+ = you have
+ =
they have
to go
+ =
I go
+ =
you go
+ =
he goes
+ = we go
+ = you go
+ =
they go
to want
+ =
I want
+ =
you want
+ =
he wants
+ = we want
+ = you want
+ =
they want
to change
+ =
I change
+ =
you change
+ =
he changes

 + = we change
+ = you change
+ =
they change
When the verb ends in "-" you must to add: "-" "-" "-" "-" "-" "-"
When the verb ends in "-" you must to add: "-" "-" "-" "-" "-" "-"
The negative form is formed by adding the particle "" in front of the verb:
- I'm not going (or just )
- You don't change (or just )
Be careful!!! The negative form of the verb "" (to have) is "" (don't have) - I don't have
- you don't have
- he doesn't have
- we don't have
- you don't have
- they don't have
2) / Definite Form

, ../ Definite form of the nouns in feminine, sg:

As you see in the text Maria says: " " which means: "I'm going to the library".
"" means "a library" This word is feminine (because it ends in A) and its definite form is formed
by adding "-" All words that are feminine form get their definite form by adding "-":
(a library) but:
(the library)
Indefinite
Definite
(a woman) (the woman)
(a work) (the work)
(help)
(the help)
This rule is observed even in feminine words ending in a consonant
btw: the definite form of the word: " " (a homework) isn't " ", but
" " because when there is an adjective in front of the noun the ending is put on it I will
explain this later.
3) , , , ? / What? What kind of?

for masculine nouns: ? (what kind of film), (what kind of man)

for feminine nouns: ? (what kind of work), ? (what room)
for neuter nouns: ? (what letter), ? (what name)
for plural forms we'll cover this later.
4) / Cases

In Bulgarian there aren't any cases except Vocative. You can see:
. I'm going to the library.
.
I have homework.
.
I'm looking for some information.
So you don't have to worry about any case endings (not as in Russian or Finnish as well)
5) / Question Forms

The forming of question forms is quite easy:

Without question word: You have to put the question particle "" after the verb:
?

Do you want some help?

 ? Are you going to the library?

With question word: Just don't add anything:
?

Where are you going? (not: )

Why do you want some help? (not:
?
)
The negative form:
?
?
?
Btw: "" is always situated in front of the verb!!!
Btw: You don't have to use any indefinite articles, so forget about "a car" or "some information". Just use:
"", ""

/ Exercises
Exercise A: Translate the text above into English.
Exercise B: Conjugate the following verbs:
1) (to understand)
2) (to find)
3) (to listen)
4) (to get something)
5) (to love)
6) (to forget)
Exercise C: Translate the following sentences:
1) I'm looking for the car.
2) Where is the woman?
3) I have a table.
4) I want an apple.
5) What kind of notebook do you want?
6) Do you have any work?
/ Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
Translation:
: Hello again.
: Hello.
: Where are you going?
: Im going to the library.
: Why?
: I have work there.
: What work?
: I have geography homework and Im looking for information about Russia.
: Do you want any help?
: With pleasure.
Solution of Exercise C:
1) .
2) .
3) .
4) ?
5) ?

 4 / Lesson 4: 2nd Present Verbs, One, This/These, 1 to 10, Personal

Pronouns, Imperative Mood
/ Text
: , !
: , ! ?
: . , ?
: . .
: ? ?
: , . .
: . ?
: . 9?
: .
: !
: !
/ New words

Vocabulary

(II. Conj)

(II. Conj)
(n)
(n)
(II. Conj)

(n)
(n)

(m)

(m)

(+dat.)

(f)

hi, hello! (it isn't used very often)

very good
to do
you're doing, you do
here
to search, to look for
one
a boy
to learn, to teach
you learn
in (in most cases) ( when the next word begins with "" or "" (in
the water)
this
a school
him (Acc. short form)
him (Acc. long form)
a problem
with ( when the next word begins with "" or "": (with the snake)
no
to me (Dat. Short form)
to you (Dat. Short form)
a friend
clearly, I see
to need
where
a room

 (m)

(III.
Conj)

!
(II. Conj)
!

number
nine
to be situated
there
Bring me there!
to walk
walk! (imperative)
after
me (Acc. long form)

/ Grammar
1) 2nd / 2nd Present Verbs

/ Second conjugation of the verbs in presents

Verbs in this groups end in:
consonant +
verbs ending in - when the stress is on .
some verbs ending in 'a'
Examples of verbs ending in a consonant + : (to do), (to think), (to sit), (to walk)
Exception: (to take a shower) - it is in 1st conjugation
Like you have probably already guessed to conjugate these verbs we'll remove the ending - and then add the
following endings:
Singular -
1. -
2. -
3. -
Plural -
1. -
2. -
3. -
Let's conjugate the verb :
1. - I do
2. - you do
3. / / - he/she/it does
1. - we do
2. - you do
3. - they do
Verbs ending in - in second conjugation
Here it is sort of an exception, but not exactly. In this group there are only verbs ending in -, which have ,
or just before it.
Unfortunately, not all the verbs that end in -, - and - are here.
Here are around 10-15 verbs in second conjugation which end in -a:
, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Again we remove the ending -a to add the other endings for different persons:

1. -
2. -
3. -


1. -
2. -
3. -
Example:
1. - I drag
2. - you drag
3. / / - he/ she/ it drags
1. - we drag
2. - you drag
3. - they drag
or
1. - I learn
2. - you learn
3. / / - he/ she/ it learns
1. - we learn
2. - you learn
3. - they learn

2) , , , / One

for masculine one: (one friend), (one person)

for feminine one: (one woman), (one room)
for neuter one: (one child), (one school)
for plural (I know that sounds very weird because in English you can't say "one books" but in Bulgarian
it is normal to say: ( the plural of "" is "") (one books) In this cases "" is like an
"indefinite article"
- . He is seeing books
3) , , , / This, These

for masculine this: (this man), (this problem)

for feminine this: (this woman), (this work)
for neuter this: (this child), (this school)
for plural these - More later
The nouns with "", "", "" and "" have never definite article !!!
4) 1 10 / 1 to 10

1 10 / To count from 1 to 10

one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine

ten
5) / Personal Pronouns

/ Personal pronouns in Accusative and in Dative:

In Bulgarian only the Personal pronouns have Accusative and Dative forms. There are two forms short and
long. The long forms are often used with a preposition, but the short forms without)
In Accusative
Nom long f.
short f.

Look at these examples:

.(But: ) You are with me.
(but: ) They are in us.
I have problem with them.

. He is seeing her.
. (but: ) I'm looking for them.
. (but ) He is teaching us.
When we have sentences with "to be" and the subject is mentioned, the personal pronouns have to be put after
the verb ( ), but if the subject isn't mentioned, the personal pronouns in Acc. or in Dative have to be
put before the verb ( You are with me)
The short forms are used more often than the long forms. As a rule their position is in front of the verb.
Sometimes, though, they appear after the verb because they cannot appear in clause-initial position. The
position of the long forms is after the verb:
. . .
I (am) ask(ing) you.
. . .
I (am) speak(ing) to you.
In Dative
Nom Dat. long f.
Dat. short f.

()

e()

( archaic form)

( archaic form)

( archaic form)
( archaic form)

( archaic from)

( archaic form)

. . .
I (am) speak(ing) to you.
The short forms and the long forms are identical in meaning. The long forms for the dative case are considered
archaic, so the complex forms are used instead. The forms for the accusative case are used with transitive verbs

that have been used transitively. The forms for dative case are used with intransitive verbs or with transitive
verbs that have been used intransitively (be aware that in one language a verb may be transitive, and in another
language the same verb may be intransitive!):
, .
I (am) ask(ing) you, not him.
.
I (am)ask(ing) about you.
.
I (am) walk(ing) towards you.
The short forms for the dative case substitute only the complex form, i.e. the combination of the preposition
"HA" + the long form for the accusative. Combinations of other prepositions and the long form for the
accusative cannot be substituted by the short form for the dative case, neither can the short forms appear after
prepositions (there are some exceptions but we'll not go into such details). Here are some examples:
. .
I (am) talk(ing) to him.
.
I (am) talk(ing) about him.
Sometimes both the long form and the short form can appear in the sentence, and they refer to one and the same
object:
, .
, .
I was told that Nicolova was on maternity leave.
And I was told that she was on a business trip.
Sometimes the short forms of the personal pronouns appear alongside the noun or the noun phrase they refer to.
The reason for this is that it is not always clear which is the subject and which is the object of the sentence. This
happens when the structure of the sentence is inverted, i.e. the object appears in sentence-initial position:
! /!
How strange! The dog was attacked by a/the cat!(=A/the cat attacked the dog!)
In the example above the object is in sentence-initial position because the situation is not typical (you can
hardly expect a cat to attack a dog, rather the opposite). But the sentence-initial position is typical for the
subject, not for the object of the sentence. And here comes in the short form for the accusative (or the dative) of
the personal pronoun. It is added right after the noun it refers to and thus it shows its role in the sentence - the
role of an object. Such construction is impossible in English - you either have to stick to the straight word order
(i.e. "subject predicate object"), or you have to use passive voice if you want to keep the dog in sentence-initial
position.
6) / Imperative mood

To form the imperative form of any verb, you should take the form for the 1st person sg. present tense and
remove the personal ending:
(to walk) - (to think) (to stay) (to drink) (to come)
If the stem ends in a consonant, you have to put these endings:
- (for 2.sg.)
- (for 2.pl.)
-! go! (for 2.sg.)
-! go! (for 2.pl.)

-! - think! (for 2.sg.)

-! think! (form 2.pl.)
The stress is always on and -
If the stem ends in a vocal, you have to put these endings: - (for 2.sg.)
- (for 2.pl.)
-! stay! (for 2.sg.)
-! stay! (for 2.pl.)
-! come! (for 2.sg.)
-! come! (for 2.pl.)
The stress here is never on the imperative endings
There are also some exceptions:
(to see) !/!
(to come in, to enter) !/!
(to go out, to exit) !/!
(to come/get down, to descend) !/!
(to come) !/!
(to go) !/!
(do hold) !/!
(to be) !/!
We won't consider the negative forms right now!

/ Exercises
Exercise A: Translate the following sentences into Bulgarian:
1) Learn with me!
2) Come to me. (the Bulgarian verb here is "")
3) This boy is friend of mine. (here "of mine"="Dative form to "")
4) He learns in Varna. (Varna () is a town in Bulgaria)
5) This is a room.
6) Do you have any problems with us?
7) What are you doing in this room?
8) We learn in this school.
/ Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
1) !
2) / !
3) .
4) .
5) .
6) ?
7) ?
8) .

 5 / Lesson 5: Definite Article, Relative Pronoun, Adjectives, Possessive

Pronouns
/ Text
. , . .
:
: , . ?
: , . . .
.
: .
.
: ?
:
- 75 .
.
/ New words

Vocabulary
(m)

(3)
(f)
(3)

(3)
(m)

town, city
the town
to listen to (the Bulgarian verb is used without a preposition. Direct by Acc)
music
to see
who (relative pronoun for masculine)
to come in
shop, store
the shop, the store
big
too ("" is placed in front of this word, which we think its the most

important.)
(3)
to go shopping
+ Dative to need

I need

you need
(m)
bread
, the bread
(m) shopkeeper, storekeeper

the shopkeeper, the storekeeper

(3)
to bring

very

today

good, nice, beautiful

(3)
to take
(3)
to put, to place
(f)
bag, shopping bag
a
well (in question sentences)


(3)
(3)
(pl.)
+ dative

(3)

how much? how many?

to cost, to be worth
to answer
stotinka (100 stotinka = 1 lev), 1 euro = 1,95lev.
to give to
together with
to come out of, to go out of

/ Grammar
1) / Definite Article

/ Definite article of masculine nouns

Masculine nouns ending in consonant add the endings -, -, -, -.
The articles - and - are called complete articles and are used only when the noun is a subject in the
sentence!!!! The articles -a and - are called incomplete articles and are used in all other cases.
Examples:
. The man is going shopping.
. Im giving the book to the man.
In the first sentence "the man" () is the subject (he is going) but in the second sentence "the man" (
) is in Dative, so the incomplete article is used. Always, when in front of the masculine noun there is a
preposition, it takes the incomplete article. ( , , )
Normally in the colloquial language, people pronounce only the incomplete article in all cases. So, you
probably ask yourselves why do I torture you by introducing this rule. It is important for the written language.
Plus, sometimes the meaning of the sentence might not be clear if we can't tell the subject from the direct
compliment.
Endings:
Some nouns take the articles - or - these are the nouns which end in -, -, -
(teacher)
(doctor)

(end)

And some exceptions, which also take the articles -, -: (day) - , (horse) - , (son-in-law)
- , (king) - , (tzar) - , (dream) - , (road) - , (fire) - ,
(nail) - , (elbow) - .
The rest of the masculine nouns, ending in consonant take the endings - or -.
(city, town)

(pencil)

(computer)
Masculine nouns ending in -a or - add the ending for feminine gender -. They dont have different forms for
complete or incomplete article.
(father)
(judge)
Masculine nouns in -o or -e add the ending for neuter gender o. They dont have different forms for complete
or incomplete article.
(uncle)
(attache)
2) / Relative Pronouns

The relative pronouns: , , , = who, which, that

 , .
She is seeing Anton, who is coming in a shop.
, .
He is seeing Maria, who is coming in a shop.
, .
They are seeing the child, who is coming in a shop.
, The child is seeing Maria and Anton, who are coming
.
in a shop.
Nominative
masculine:
feminine:
neuter:
plural:
Accusative
masculine: /
feminine:
neuter:
plural:
Dative and with a preposition
masculine: / , /
feminine: ,
neuter: ,
plural: ,
The form for masculine nouns in Accusative and Dative "" and " " are used only if the subject is
an animate (man, teacher, fireman). The forms "" and " " are used if the subject is an inanimate
(bread, computer)
This is the man, who I see every day. , .
This is the bread, which I eat. , .
Be careful with the prepositions. In Bulgarian there are always placed in front of the pronoun:
, ,
This is the man, who Im giving the book to. , ./
.
This is the woman who Im talking with. , .
And one more thing. You have to agree the relative pronouns with the gender of the nouns
Look at this:
This is the child who is playing outside. , .
This is the letter which Im writing. - , .
The relative pronouns in the both sentences are "" , because both the child, and the letter are neuter (Its
not important if the noun is animate or inanimate)
3) / Adjectives

. The man is beautiful.

. The woman is beautiful.
. The child is beautiful.
In the dictionaries the adjectives are given in their masculine forms. singular. To make such constructions as "he
is good", or "the car is fast" you have to agree the adjective with the gender of the noun:
masculine no ending
feminine - -a
neuter - -o
plural - -
(f) + (The car is fast.)
+ (The dog is big.)
But when the adjective ends in plus other consonant, the is dropped. ( round)

masculine
feminine
neuter
plural
Its easy, isnt it?
4) / Adjectives in front of nouns without
a definite article: The construction is the same:
a beautiful man
a beautiful woman
a beautiful child
beautiful women
(good) the "" is dropped
a good father
a good mother
a good dog
good children
5) / Possessive Pronouns

- my, mine (for masculine)

- my, mine (for feminine)
- my, mine (for neuter)
- my, mine (for plural)
- my, mine (for all) - This is a short form, very common ( = () (my wife),
= (my child)
- your, yours (for masculine)
- your, yours (for feminine)
- your, yours (for neuter)
- your,yours (for plural)
- your, yours (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = (your wife),
= (your child)
- his, its (for masculine)
- his, its (for feminine)
- his, its (for neuter)
- his, its (for plural)
- his, its (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = () (his (its) wife),
= (his (its) child)
- her (for masculine)
- her (for feminine)
- her (for neuter)
- her (for plural)
- her (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = () (=her wife), =
(her child)
- our, ours (for masculine)
- our, ours (for feminine)
- our, ours (for neuter)
- our, ours ( for plural)
- our, ours (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = (our wife),
= (our child)
- your, yours (for masculine) - plural
- your, yours (for feminine) - plural
- your, yours (for neuter) - plural

 - your, yours (for plural) - plural

- your, yours (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = (your wife),
= (your child)
- their, theirs (for masculine)
- their, theirs (for feminine)
- their, theirs (for neuter)
- their, theirs (for plural
- their, theirs (for all) - this is a short form, very common ( = (their wife),
= (their child)
Be careful with the definite article, which is added to the possesive pronouns, for the long forms, and to the
noun for the short forms!!!
+ , but + (the definite article for neuter is "-", and child is neuter)
/ Exercises
Exercise A: Translate the text above into English.
Exercise B: Translate these sentences into Bulgarian:
1) He is seeing his wife.
2) My sister is listening to music in my room.
3) Our dog is very good.
4) Is this the book that you read?
5) The boy is coming out of the house (house = )
6) The man is giving me his book.
7) Im giving the man my book.
8) Where is the bread?
9) Your child is beautiful.
10) Who is the man, who your mother is talking with?
/ Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
Translation:
Maria is walking through the town and is listening to music. She is seeing Anton who is going into a shop. The
shop is big. She is going into it too:
Marian: Hello, Anton. What are you doing here?
Anton: Hello, Maria. I'm going shopping. I need some bread.
The shopkeeper is going and bringing the bread to Anton.
The shopkeeper: The bread today is very delicious.
Anton is taking it and putting it into the bag.
Anton: How much does the bread cost?
The shopkeeper answers:
- 75 stotinki.
Anton is gives them to the shopkeeper and together with Maria goes out of the shop.
Solution of Exercise B:
1) () .
2) .
3) .
4) , ?
5) .
6) .
7) .
8) ?
9) .
10) , ?

Russian for Beginners

Introduction
Welcome to the Russian course for Beginners. In five lessons we'll try to teach you the basics of the Russian
language.
Russian is a major language in the world, it has many speakers. Most speakers are of course located in Russia.
But also former Soviet countries have many Russian speakers.
Russian is a Slavic language. It belongs to the same language group as languages such as Polish, Czech,
Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, etc...
Contents
Lesson 1: ABC all over again
The Alphabet Exercises
Lesson 2: , e
Introductions Noun Gender Pointing at Possession Possession Vocabulary Exercises
Lesson 3: Plurality
Plurality Being polite To have Vocabulary Exercises
Lesson 4: Cases
Cases Accusative Case Vocabulary Exercises
Lesson 5: Verbs and more!
Verbs Adjectives Negation and questions Vocabulary Exercises

Part One - The Basics

Lesson 1: ABC all over again
The Alphabet
When thinking of Russian, the first thing that immediately draws attention is it's alphabet. Russian is not written
in our Latin alphabet but it uses the Cyrillic alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is, like our Latin alphabet, a
descendant of the Greek alphabet. But Cyrillic has some more characters, the Russian Cyrillic alphabet contains
33 letters in total. All of those will be discussed in this lesson. Russian is not the only language that uses the
Cyrillic alphabet. Languages such as Bulgarian, Ukrainian, BeloRussian, Serbian and even Mongolian also use
the Cyrillic alphabet. Thus learning it might come in handy.
Let's begin by just writing down the entire Cyrillic alphabet. Note that your internet browser must be able to
display UNICODE characters in a font that contains Cyrillic characters:

Let's now discuss pronunciation, character by character:

Letter

Name

Sampa
[a]
[b]
[v]
[g]
[d]

IPA
[a]
[b]
[v]
[g]
[d]

Equivalence
as a in "father"
as b in "big"
as v in "virgin"
as g in "great"
as d in "doctor"

[je]
[jo]
[Z]
[z]
[i]
[j]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]

[je]
[jo]
[]
[z]
[i]
[j]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]

as ye in "yet"
as yo in "yonder"
as s in "pleasure"
as z in "zoo"
as ee in "meet"
as y in "guy"
as k in "kid"
as l in "bottle"
as m in "mouse"
as n in "new"
as o in "bore" when stressed, as a as in English "sofa" when

[o]
[o]
unstressed

[p]
[p]
as p in "pit"
like the first r in the French word "regarder" or the Italian

[r]
[r]
word "roma". It's a more thrilled R, unlike the English R.

[s]
[s]
as s in "store"

[t]
[t]
as t in "tea"

[u]
[u]
as oo in "foot"

[f]
[f]
as f in "fantasy"
ch in the Scottish word "loch" or as j in the Spanish name

[x]
[x]
"juan".

[ts']
[ts] as ts in "gets"

e
[tS]
[t]
as ch in "chair"

[S]
[]
as sh in "sheep"
as shch, where "sh" and "ch" represent the sounds as
[

[S'S']
described above. In colloquial language though, this may
]
sound like a very long "sh" sound...

This is the Russian hard sign which sounds as a slight pause

[-]
[-]

between syllables
approximately like i in English "ill", it's a sound uncommon

[5]
[]
to most languages. It's like a moan in the throat and is
therefore in the throat with slightly backward curled tongue.

This is the Russian soft sign which adds a soft 'y' sound after

[']
[]

a consonant.

[e]
[e]
as e in "get"

[ju]
[ju]
as u in "universe"

[ja]
[ja]
as ya in "yard"
Unfortunately placing stress on a word in Russian is a bit hard, because it's often irregular. So you'll have to
memorize where to put it. Stress is especially important when it comes to the letter "" , because stress
determines it's pronunciation. Therefore in this course we will put an apostrophe (') after the vowel that has to
be stressed. Note that is always stressed.
Example: '
This concludes the first chapter, you might have to read over it several times to get to know the characters. The
following exercises will help you practice your knowledge of Cyrillic:

Exercises
Exercise A: Read these nonsense words out aloud:

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,
Exercise B: Now pronounce these real words:
1) '
2)
3) '
4) '
5) '
6) '
7)
8) '
9) '
10) '
Exercise C: What does it say?:
1) '
2)
3)
4) '
5) '
6) '
7) '
Solutions
Solution of Exercise C:
1) restaurant
2) film/movie
3) mir (like the Russian space station)
4) computer
5) internet
6) student
7) car (automobile)

Lesson 2: , e
Introductions
Unlike most Indo-European languages, the Russian language uses no verb "to be". Moreover, the Russian
language doesn't have articles either, so the words "the, a" and "an" do not exist in Russian, which makes
Russian kind of a Tarzan language at first sight. For example, we say "I am a student" whereas Russians would
simply say I student.
Let's take a look at some introductions in Russian, which will make you familiar with the words for I, you, he,
she etc...
I am Ivan and I am a student.
You are Ivan and you are a student.
He is Ivan and he is a student.
She is Ivanova and she is a student.
We are Ivan and Pyotr and we are students.
You are Ivan and Pyotr and you are students.

'.
'.
'.
' ' '.
'.
'.

They are Ivan and Pyotr and they are students. ' ' '.
The above example showed you all so-called personal pronouns. You now know how to say "I" and "We", etc..
You have also learned the word for "and", which is of course "". You have also learned the word for "student",
which becomes "'" in it's feminine form and "'" in it's plural form.
Russian is not an easy language, although you might find it easy that there are no words such as "the, a" and "to
be". The Russian language has noun gender and cases. This may not say much to you yet, so we will look into
this more.
Noun Gender
To explain the concept of noun-gender we'll first have to explain what a noun is, if you didn't already know. A
noun is a word that represents an object a person or an abstract something, nouns can be preceded in English by
the word "the".
In most other languages, but not in English, a noun has a certain gender. So you're telling me a noun can be a
boy or a girl? Indeed...that's what we're saying. A noun has a certain gender, in Russian (and many other
Germanic languages) there are three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Every noun (note that this gender
concept only applies to nouns) has one of these three genders. How to determine what gender is very difficult
sometimes, but most grammar rules are dependent of the gender of the noun, so you'll have to learn the gender
of each noun. From now on, we will mention the gender of a noun when we discuss one, we use the
abbreviations "m" for masculine, "f" for feminine and "n" for neuter.
Pointing at Possession
We will now discuss two important parts of Russian grammar, noun-gender plays a very important role here, as
with most other grammar rules as well. We have already learned to say things like "He is a student". Now we
will take a look at how to point at things or people, by saying: "This is a student" or "That is a student". In
Russian we can use the word "" to say "this/that". This fortunately doesn't involve noun gender yet:
' '
This/that is a student
' ' This/that is a (female) student
Things get a bit trickier though when you want to say "this student" instead of "this IS A student". Noun gender
will get involved now and we will also see a separating in this and that: "" will be used for "this" while ""
will be used for "that". And they all have to agree with the noun in gender and number. The following example
will explain this:
' '
'
' '
'
' '
'
' '
'

This student (m)

That student (m)
This (female) student
That (female) student
This book (f)
That book (f)
This window (n)
That window (n)

Possession
Now we will discuss possession. Like in any languages, it is also possible in Russian to say things like: "My
car", "Your book", etc... Again, noun gender is an important aspect here because it will determine which
translation of My/Your/Our/Their to use. Take a look at the following example:
' '
' '
' '
' '
' ' '

This/that is my car (m)

This/that is your car (m)
This/that is our car (m)
This/that is your car (m) (plural form and/or formal form)
This/that is my book (f)

' ' '

' ' '
' ' '
' '
' '
' ' '

This/that is your book (f)

This/that is our book (f)
This/that is your book (f) (plural form and/or formal form)
This/that is my window (n)
This/that is your window (n)
This/that is our window (n)
This/that is your window (n) (plural form and/or formal
' ' '
form)
So you see that the possessive adjectives (as they are officially called) agree with the noun according to gender.
So if the noun is masculine you use ", , " or "", if the noun is feminine you use "', ',
" or "" and if it's neuter you use ", , " or "". We haven't discussed the plural form
yet, that will come in a later lesson.
There is only one more thing we need to discuss. We haven't yet discussed the translation for the possessive
adjectives "his", "her" and "their". But you are fortunate, because these three words don't act like the ones we
just mentioned. They don't have to agree with the noun in gender, so you just use one form for all genders. The
following example will demonstrate this:
' ' '
This is his book (f)
' '
This is her book (f)
' '
This is their book (f)
' ' ' This is his car (m)
' '
This is her window (n)
'
This is their table (m)
This concludes the second lesson.

Vocabulary
' (n)
' (m)
' (f)
(m)
' (m)
' (f)

window
car
book
table
student
(female) student

Exercises
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) '
2) ' '
3) '
4)
5)
6) '
7) '
Exercise B: Translate to Russian:
1) You are a student
2) This is the window
3) This window
4) My book
5) The window

6) She is a student
7) That is my table
8) That student
9) This is Ivan and that is Ivanova
10) Our book
Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
1) I am a/the student
2) This/that is a/the book
3) That book
4) My table
5) Our window
6) He is a/the student
7) We are students
Solution of Exercise B:
1) '
2) ' '
3) ' '
4) ' '
5) '
6) ' '
7) '
8) '
9) ' '
10) ' '

Lesson 3: Plurality
Plurality
You have already seen nouns in their singular form, but it's of course also possible to put Russian nouns in a
plural form. Noun gender plays an important role here, because the gender of the noun determines what suffix
to add to make the noun plural. The modification of nouns by adding such 'suffixes' are called commonly called
'reflections', the Russian language contains a huge number of these inflections, because a noun will also have a
different ending depending on the case it's in. But more about that later.
Let us first start by showing how to make a noun plural. We will give you the following table, which will also
help you spot gender of nouns by looking at their ending. The endings of the noun have been separated from it's
root word by a hyphen (-). Note that this is only for clarity's sake. The hyphen is not written normally and it just
forms one word.
Masculine nouns (singular --> plural)
- --> -'
- --> -
- --> -
Feminine nouns (singular --> plural)
'- --> '-
'- --> '-
'- --> '-
- --> '-
Neuter nouns (singular --> plural)

'---> -'
'- --> -'
'- --> '-
'- --> -'
And note that '' is a semi-irregular form.
If you have a word and you want to know how to make it plural, then you'll first have to know what gender the
word is in. Usually it's ending will give away it's gender. You have seen that the masculine gender has three
typical endings, a consonant, a "" and a "". But as you see, the feminine gender also has a group ending in
"", so with many words you will still have to memorize gender yourself, there are also many irregularities.
Now we know how to form plural we can expand our knowledge from the previous lesson. We learned "',
" and "//, //" etc. Now we will discuss the plural form of this. First of all, when
you want to say "these are students" then you can just say " '", so there's no special thing their yet.
But when you want to say "these students" then we will need a new word declension of " ", for all plural
nouns (so fortunately in all genders) we use "' ", the plural of "" would be "". Take a look at the
following:
' ' This/that is a wife (f)
'a ' This/that wife
' ' These/those are wives
' ' These/those wives
' ' These/those tables (m)
' ' These/those are windows (n)
You see that minor variations in the ending of a word can make a world of difference. It's important to pay
much attention to all those endings, because Russian is full of them!
Now we will take a look at our possessive adjectives. They also have one plural form for all genders. Let's look
at the following example:
' ''
My wife (f)
' ''
My wives
' ''
Your window (n)
' ''
Your windows (n)
'
Our table (m)
' '' Our tables
Also pay attention to the way the stress of a noun can change when it becomes plural.
Being polite

We now first have to teach you how to be polite in Russian. In Russian and most other languages, but not in
English, there exists a certain polite form of "you". In Russian they use "" instead of "" in formal speech.
"" is only used among friends and for children. So "" means both "you-all" as well as "you" in a more
polite form. Take a look at the following sample sentences:
'

You are a student (informal, spoken to a friend)

You are a student (formal, spoken from a teacher to a new student for
'
example)
' You are students (plural both formal and informal)
When addressing strangers, you'll always want to use "".
To have
As you already saw, the Russians do not use a verb for "to be". Likewise, they don't use a verb for "to have".
Whereas we say, for example, "I have a table", the Russians say "With me - (is a) - table". Or in Russian:
" ' ".
The word "" is a preposition, followed by the person (in genitive case). But more about that later. We will for

now just give you a list of how to express "to have"

I have
'
You have '
He has
'
She has

We have
You have
They have
You will also often see the word in combination with the above-mentioned. This is especially the case in
questions and answers but it can also occur elsewhere. would be translated as there is/are. Take a look at
the following question-answer pair.
Do we have a table? ?
We have one
.
In the next lesson, we will make you get acquainted with the concept of cases.

Vocabulary
'
'
'
'

word
sea
wife
week
door

Exercises
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) ' '
2) ' '
3) '
4) ' '
5) ' '
6) '
7) '
8)
Exercise B: Translate to Russian:
1) I have wives
2) These are windows
3) These windows
4) My wife
5) The wifes
6) They have tables
7) This week
8) Your cars
9) Those cars
Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
1) These/those are wives
2) These weeks
3) My tables

4) These/those are your books

5) You have a/the window
6) You have a/the sea
7) This sea / This is a/the sea
8) She has a/the door
Solution of Exercise B:
1) '
2) '
3) '
4) ' '
5) '
6) '
7) '
8) '
9) '

Lesson 4: Cases
Cases
Cases are a very difficult grammatical matter. It is possible that you have never heard of cases and that you have
never dealt with them before. That's why we will try to explain them from start. If you have ever studied
another language that has cases, such as Latin or German, then you will probably no how to handle them and
what they are, which will give you a head-start on Russian.
Several languages make use of so-called cases. In English cases are not used and therefore most people won't
know what cases are. But in many other languages, such as German and Russian there are cases. Unfortunately
cases make a language a lot more difficult to learn, but they do make a grammar more elegant.
What exactly is a case? A case is a certain 'mode' a word appears in, nouns, pronouns, articles and adjectives
usually get a special ending (reflections) depending on in what case they are in. Cases appear at a certain place
in the sentence or after certain prepositions or verbs. In Russian there are six cases, in German there are four.
But you most likely need further explanation. What exactly is a case? Let's use an example to get to know
cases. Look at the following sentences:
"My mother is in the kitchen"
"It's my mother's birthday"
"I give my mother a present"
"He sees my mother"
These four sample sentences show the first four cases using the words "my mother". (although there are no
cases in English it's still possible to explain the concept using English). The first case would be Nominative
case, the case we will deal with in this chapter, the other will be taught later on. But still, you don't know what a
case is so let's go on with it. "My mother" in the first sentence appears as the SUBJECT of the sentence
meaning that it also is the SUBJECT of the action. That subject can be obtained by asking the following
sentence: "who/what is in the kitchen?", the answer would of course be: "My mother", which is the subject.
Nominative case is all about subjects. It means that a certain word is modified so it can be used as a SUBJECT.
The other three sample sentences are different. Although they all have the words "my mother", it appears in a
different position each time. In the 2nd sentence "my mother" is used possessively (this is called Genitive case,
or 2nd case). So in languages such as German and Russian, "my mother" has to be adapted so it can be used as
Genitive, this is usually done by applying different endings to the noun (reflections). Each case has it's own
endings, and those endings are also gender dependent. Masculine nouns usually have a different ending in
Genitive case (and any case) than feminine nouns.
The third sample sentence uses "my mother" as INDIRECT OBJECT. An indirect object is someone/something

to whom something is given. It is a target. This is called Dative case, or 3rd case. The last sample sentence uses
"my mother" as a DIRECT OBJECT, and that is called Accusative case (or 4th case). More about this case in a
moment.
You know that cases occur when words appear on a certain place in the sentence, but besides that, cases can
also occur after certain prepositions (and sometimes even after certain verbs). So certain prepositions can, for
example, always cause an Accusative case. The words the preposition applies to will then have to agree with
that case and they should get the appropriate ending.
You should now understand what a case is. It is a certain position in the sentence where a word appears and that
word has to have a proper ending in order to be correctly used at that position in the sentence. Usually cases
also replace prepositions. The sentence: "I give my mother a present" for example, by using "my mother" on
that position and with a certain reflection in Russian, one knows that you give a present TO your mother, but it's
not necessary to use the preposition. Also do note that by saying that "a word has to have a proper ending in
order to be used at a certain position in a sentence", I refer to nouns and adjectives. Usually they are all case
dependent (AND gender- and number dependent).
The case we have mostly used now is the nominative case. The nouns where the subject of the sentence, but
now we will take a look at accusative case (which we have already used a bit, without you realizing it)
Accusative Case

Accusative case is all about the "direct object". The direct object is a group of words (although it can also be
one word) that receive the action of the main verb (carried out by the subject). You can find the direct object by
asking the question WHO/WHAT + Main verb + Subject. Note that you can't ask WHERE or WHEN. The
answer to the question will then me the direct object: the object of the action.
Some examples: "I see the dog", "who do I see?", "the dog" that's the direct object because that's the object
that's seen by the subject (I).
You can already guess where in a sentence words should be adapted to Accusative Case: when they are the
direct object. That's right. When a noun, adjective, article or some pronouns appear as a direct object you
should give the words the proper ending to make them suitable for Accusative case.
What happens in the accusative case?

You are fortunate because some masculine and neuter nouns usually don't change in the accusative case, so you
can often just use the same word as in the nominative case there (which is the word as you've learned it,
nomnitive case is always the default case). Feminine singular words, however, do change in the accusative case.
So when a feminine word is a direct object, you will have to modify it's ending so it reflects the correct case. In
order to demonstrate this we say that "I see" is " '" in Russian. More about verbs will be learned in the
next lesson, so just assume this as a fact for now. Take a look at the following example:
I see a book
What do I see?
a book
So that's the direct object and has to be put in accusative case in Russian.
'
That was incorrect, because ' is nominative case.
The Russian rule to modify a feminine word ending in - to accusative case, is:
' --> '
So the correct translation is:
' '
You work in this way with almost every sentence to determine which word should become accusative. Note that
there are many verbs which can take an accusative case, all those verbs (transitive verbs) have an effect on
something, something is the object of the action.
Now we will give you all the rules to modify singular nouns to their accusative case:
Masculine nouns (nominative singular --> accusative singular)
--> (doesn't change)
'- --> '- (doesn't change)

- --> - (doesn't change)

Feminine nouns (nominative singular --> accusative singular)
'- --> '-
'- --> '-
'- --> '-
- --> '- (doesn't change)
Neuter nouns (nominative singular --> accusative singular)
'---> - (doesn't change)
'- --> - (doesn't change)
'- --> '- (doesn't change)
'- --> '- (doesn't change)
You can imagine it might be hard to memorize all these endings, also because there are more. Russian has six
cases and three genders, which makes the amount of reflections huge. This is the most difficult task in learning
Russian. But it is possible, so don't give up!
Note that " " etc... does not take accusative case. You just use normal nominative case there. We have
discussed a lot of theoretical stuff in this lesson, so we will end this lesson now.

Vocabulary

'
'
'
'
'
'

chair
lamp
museum
music
desk
family
I see

Exercises
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) ' '
2) ' '
3) ' '
4) '
5) ' '
6) ' '
Exercise B: Translate to Russian:
1) This/that is my family
2) I have (a) family
3) This/that is your desk
4) I see the/a desk
5) I see the/a museum
6) Our museum
Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
1) I have the/a museum
2) These/those museums
3) I see a/the book
4) This/that is (the) music

5) I see a/the desk

6) I see a/the family
Solution of Exercise B:
1) ' '
2) '
3) ' ' '
4) ' '
5) ' '
6) '

Lesson 5: Verbs and more!

Verbs
Until now, we have not seen a single verb, mainly because "to be" and "to have" are not expressed using verbs
in Russian. In this lesson we are going to change that because Russian, of course does have many verbs.
Russian verbs are conjugated according to two groups. Most verbs end in -/-, -, or -. Verbs ending
in -/ - usually are conjugated according to the first group, which we will show below. The stem of the
verb can be obtained by dropping -. Note that the hyphen (-) is just shown for clarity's sake and is not written
in real language:
'-
to work
'-
I work
'-
You work
/' '- He/she works
'-
We work
'-
You work
' ''
They work
There are also some verbs in - which are conjugated according to the first group. They follow the same
pattern.
Now we will take a look at the second group of verbs. Those who end in - follow this pattern:
'-
to speak
-'
I speak
-'
You speak
/' -' He/she speaks
-'
We speak
-'
You speak
' -'
They speak
Again, there are also some verbs in - which are conjugated according to the second group. They follow the
same pattern. There are even some verbs in - which follow this pattern, so it is important to learn which each
verb whether it's conjugated according to group one, group two, or whether it's irregular.
Adjectives
We haven't spoken about adjectives yet. In case you don't know what an adjective is, I'll give you a short
explanation. An adjective is a word that describes a property of a noun, so it tells something about the noun. For
example, look at the following sentence-part: the old woman. Here the adjective is ""old" because it tells
something about the noun "woman"
Unfortunately adjectives are also quite hard in Russian because they have a lot of different endings. They have

to agree with the noun in case, gender and number. There are actually three groups of adjectives, all agreeing
with the noun in a slightly different way. We have the unstressed adjectives (ending in - or -) , which have
unstressed endings and stressed stems, and we have the stress adjectives, which have a stressed ending (-')
and an unstressed stem. And then there are some 40 soft-adjectives, which generally end in -. Also note that
Russian adjectives are usually placed before the noun, like in English, though word order can be flexible too.
Adjectives as shown in the dictionary and in courses are always in their nomnitive singular masculine form.
In this course we will not go into adjectives much further
Negation and questions
It is of course in Russian quite possible to say "no". The Russians say, as you probably already know: ""
(whereas they say "" as "yes").
When we want to make a sentence negative, then Russians simply add the word "" before the verb (if there is
a verb). Take a look at the following sample which will also demonstrate how to ask question:
' '
This is a book
' '
This is not a book
' '?
Is this a book?
' -
I speak Russian
' - I do not speak Russian
' -?
Do I speak Russian?
You can see the simplicity of negation and of asking questions in Russian here! There are also more ways to ask
question using the following interrogative pronouns:
'?
'?
'?
'?
'?
?
' ' ?

What do you say/speak?

What do we know?
Who knows?
Who speaks?
Where do you work?
How does he know?
When does she work?

Vocabulary
'
'

'
'

'

to speak/to say
to work
to know
what/that
who
where
how
when
now
here
always

Exercises
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) ?
2) ' -?

3) ' '
4) ' '?
5) ' '?
6) ' '?
7) ?
8) ?
Exercise B: Translate to Russian:
1) I do not work
2) He is not a student
3) Now we know
4) Is that a book?
5) Where does she work?
6) When do you know?
7) Do you know?
8) He is not here
Solutions
Solution of Exercise A:
1) What do you know?
2) Do you speak Russian?
3) I don't work now
4) Isn't this your book?
5) What does she say?
6) When do we work?
7) Where is my chair?
8) My chair isn't here?
Solution of Exercise B:
1) '
2) '
3) '
4) '?
5) ' '?
6) ' / /?
7) / /?
8)

Cardinal numbers

zero

one

two

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

10

ten

11

eleven

12

twelve

13

thirteen

14

fourteen

15

fifteen

16

sixteen

17

seventeen

18

eighteen

19

nineteen

20

twenty

21

twenty-one

22

twenty-two

23

twenty-three

24

twenty-four

25

twenty-five

30

thirty

31

thirty-one

32

thirty-two

33

thirty-three

40

forty

41

forty-one

42

forty-two

50

fifty

51

fifty-one

52

fifty-two

60

sixty

61

sixty-one

62

sixty-two

70

seventy

71

seventy-one

72

seventy-two

75

seventy-five

79

seventy-nine

80

eighty

81

eighty-one

82

eighty-two

85

eighty-five

90

ninety

91

ninety-one

92

ninety-two

99

ninety-nine

100

one hundred

101

one hundred and one

102

one hundred and two

110

one hundred and ten

120

one hundred and twenty

199

one hundred and ninetynine

200

two hundred

201

two hundred and one

222

two hundred and twentytwo

300

three hundred

400

four hundred

500

five hundred

600

six hundred

700

seven hundred

800

eight hundred

900

nine hundred

1 000

one thousand

 - English {dictionary}
; ; / ./ ;

but

abbreviation

subscription

season ticket

.
.; . ;

.
.; .
.; . ;
.;
.
.
.
.

subscriber
aborigine
apricot
absorption
abstract
advance
adventurism

accident

Augustus

Air base

airborne landing

aircraft carrier

airmail

. / /
, ;
;

air route
perhaps, maybe, possibly
perhaps, maybe, possibly

bus

automatic

automobile

passenger car

., .

.

lorry, truck

automotive

lift truck

outer tire

.;

.;

fountain pen

ball-point pen

motorway

agate

 .
.
; .
.
.;
.;
.
.
.
.
.
.; .

agent
agency
agrarian
aggression
adaptation
advocate
administrative
administration
address
addressee

.; .;
.;
.; .

ardor

stork

. / /

quince

acacia

watercolor

.
; ;

.
.

letter of credit
accumulate
accurateness

actor

; ;

accent

algebra

allergy

alcohol

! !

hello

.; .

aloe

.; .

diamond

.
.
; .
. //
.
.; .

altar
alphabet
scarlet, red
cherry plum , wild plum
album
alto

aluminum

amalgam

barn

ammonia

 .;

shock absorber

ampere

ampule

.; .;

amulet

.
.

analysis
analyze

pineapple

hangar

angina

.; .
.; .
.
.; .
.; .
.
.

anecdote
anesthesia
anise
form
annals
annotation
antenna

ensemble

antibiotic

antiquity

anchovy

.
.
.
.
.
.
. / /
.
.

.
.; .
.

orange
apparatus
appendicitis
April
pharmacy
medicine chest
peanut
watermelon
lease
rent
lariat
aroma
artichoke

asphalt

atelier

.
.; .
.; .
.

atlas
airport
grandmother
butterfly

 .
.
;

.
.; .
.
.
.; .
.
.

.
.;
.

.
.; .
.
.
.
.;
; .
.
.
. / /
.;
.
.
.; .
.
.; .
.
//;

//

baggage
boot
purple
Florid , crimson
bucket
base
bazaar
kayak
baize
grocery
groceries
grocery
eggplant
eggplant mash
canteen
balance
balance, compensate; poise, stabilize
balcony
mark, point
gas cylinder
spoilt
Balm, balsam
balneology
banana
jacket
consignment
bank
jar, pot
bow, bow knot; knot

ram; sheep
mutton

bagel

barge

.; .

badger

velvet

swimming pool

. / /

long loaf

 .; .
.
.; .
; .
.
; .

; .
.
.
.
.
.
.
; .
; .
.
.
.
,
.

portmanteau
turret
run
run; shin
hippo
running, scurry, double-time.
less
unknown
empty pockets
meringue; kiss, pastry
Neglectful, carefree, untroubled
spring balance
deformation
Faultless , impeccablement
joyless
whiteness
albumen
white
linen
underclothes
benzine

birch

coast

.
; ;

.

.
;
; .

seaside
beret
guard
free
charge-free
free entry
worry

Disturbs me

duty free

fearless

concrete

.

; .
.
.
.

Rabies
mad dog
can, watering can
business
businessman
ticket



.
.
.
. ,
; ;

// .
.
.

Entry ticket
ticket
exchange, stock market
turquoise
biscuit
Battle, Fight
beat
beaten
beefsteak, steak

much obliged to you

thanksgiving

, , ...
.

.
-
-; -
.
.
.
.; .

favored
blank, form, card
pale, wan, pallid
bluff; pageantry
nearest
Nearer , near
near, nigh
short-sighted, near sighted
crepe, pancake
note book, writing pad

blond

blonde

flea
eating
saucer

.; .

bean

., .

broad beans

.
.
.
; .
.; .

God, Supreme Being, Our Lord, Our Maker

rich
fighter
pert, saucy
side, side elevation
goblet

Bulgarian

Bulgaria

Bulgarian

-;

more; yet; above

more or less, quite

furthermore, moreover

a fortiori, all the more so

illness, disease, sickness

;
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
- .

.
.
.
, .
.
, .

be ill, be ailing, sicken

marsh, swamp
boggy, marshy, miry
marshy, swamp, fenny; uliginous, paludal
bolt, screw
hospital, infirmary
aching, hurting; ailing
more; better; upward
best, superior; better
big, large; considerable
beard; wattle
side; port, starboard
boot, shoe
barrel, cask, drum
brother, sibling
take, accept

settle down; start,

razor, shaver

razor, shave

scrape one's chin, shave

.
.
, . //
.
.
.
.
, .
.
, , ,

.
, .
,

.
.
.

eyebrow, brow
bronchitis
throw
pants, trousers
brunette
bagel
alarm clock
wake, wake up
week days, workday
as if , as though
Future, aftertime
future, coming, following
next year
Next time
character, letter
literal, textual
bouquet, nosegay

 , .
.
.
.

pin's
bun, roll
Bakery, baker's shop.
boulevard

broth, bouillon

Paper

wallet

, .

paper

. ,
.
.
.

Storm, thunderstorm
sandwich
burgeon
bottle

accountant

bookkeeping

,


, .
.
.

//! !
! !
.
.
/
. ,
/
. / /
. / /
., .,
/ /
/, ,
/

Would , search , desire

be; come; go to
be, exist
visit, resort, call on
ex, onetime
fast, rapid, quick
mode of life
To be, be
good, something positive ,
would you be so good as to
God bless you
budget
budgetary
bulletin, report
Bulletin ,voting, ballot paper
bulletin; statement
bureau; office
in, into; at; for, to

/, ,
/

for

/, ,
/

On

/, ,
/
//

through
distance


//
, - /, , /

danger
The purpose
The size

carriage, coach

Important

.
., .
.

vaccine
vaccination
currency

you

you

, . //

bath

/ /


., . //
. ,

-
, , , ,

, , ,
/ /

-

-

,

have a bath
insolation, sun bath
mud bath, moor bath
Bathroom, room
Variant
boil, seethe
You
Your, yours,
your, yours.
at your disposal, at your service
as you think
Around, Close
sideways

., . ,

The introduction

, .

To carry

upside
To top

In view of

, ... , ...

inasmuch

, .
, .
,

,
, //
,
, ,
.
, ,

import
import, bring in
deep, inland, deep down
double, twice; twofold
double, twice; twofold
double, two together
what is more , in addition, as well
along; aboard
afflatus, inspiration
Suddenly , all at once

,
., .


.

Bucket , pail
You see
You see, really, indeed
politeness

polite, courteous

Everywhere , anywhere

, /,
/-/

/ , .
., .

Drive , carry
underway, in motion
century; age

. //

Size , magnitude

. //

Quantity , Size

.
.
.
.
.

Bicycle
Ventilation
cord, rope
Believe , trust
vermicelli
right, correctly

probably

version

, .
, .
.

vertical
helicopter
Top, upside, upside
upper

top

weight

. /./
.
.
.
, .
.
,
.
// .
.
., .,

.
/, ,
/, /, , /
/ , , /

category
jollify; joy
cheerful
Spring, vernal
weigh; scale
spring
in spring
lead
drive
Lobby
scales, balance, weigher
all

 .
.
.
.
.
.




.
//,

// .
., .
.
.

wind
extension; branch , Clone
breezy
ham ; gammon
evening
Evening, vespertine
in the evening
last night
Tomorrow evening
Today evening
hanger
hang, drape
Thing , object
mutual
interaction

Relationships

Mutual understanding

.
,
.
., . ,
, , .
.
.
, .
. / /
. / /
., .
, .
, . //
. //
. //
. //
., .,
//
.
, /,

/ .

.

on loan take
Instead , instead of
Look , looking
view, point of view
Collect , gather
fine, amerce
Effraction
Installment , payment
mount
seed
explosion
Elderly ,The adult
bribe
bribe
view, sight, appearance
view, landscape, locality
Sort, diversity
See, perceive with the eyes
apparently
visa, permit for entering into a country
grant a visa

 .,
.
.
.

visit, call , Visiting

fork
Guilt, fault
wine
White wine
Red wine

guilty

. //

Grape, Grapes, berry

. //
.
.

grape- vine; vine

vineyard
grapes, vine

screw

hang; bangle

.
, .
. / /
., .
.
.
,
,

shop window
cherry; wine colored
cherry; cherry tree
Deposit , introduction
Invest, put in/into, deposit
To include , involve
Including , inclusively ,inclusive
include
Close television

intervene

summarily

.
.
, ,

taste
Tasty, delicious
owner, possessor

own, possess; command

humid, moist, damp, wet

...
.
, .

,

,

,
,
.

To the left
to the left
Sway, Influence
influence
Together, in conjunction
simultaneously ; at the same time
Instead of
first, at first
Beyond, out of
To bring

 .
,

.

.

,
.

-
.
.
. / /
/
. ./

outer, outward
Down, below
below
Bring, To bring in
grandson
inside
Inside, in, inside, withi
Inward, in, inside
granddaughter
In time , on time
secondly
water

lead, conduct
Conduct; retribution; penance

Water treatment

water-main, water-conduit

.
.
.
, .

water, aquatic,
fight, battle, be at war
leader, head
return, give back

, .

come back, return; regain

, .

restore, return; reimburse

, .
. ,

return, go back, come back

elevation, height, hill

air, atmosphere

carry, transport

//
, / /
.
.

It is possible , maybe , possibly

Possibly, maybe, perhaps
Opportunity, possibility
protest, object, rejoin, remonstrate

rejoin

time, age , year

enter, go in,

Station

Around, near, About

//

Around, round

Surge , Wave , wool

Imagination, fancy

Generally

 -
. / /
, . ,
.
., .
.
.
, .
.
.

firstly, first of all

Question, query
Problem , question
thief, robber, taker
sparrow
thieve, pilfer, steal, nab
raven, corbie, crow
crow, rook
gate, gateway, harbor, port
collar, neck, yak,

inflammation

Education, upbringing

.
.
.
.

make use of, improve; use

east; Orient
east, eastern
sunrise; uprise, rise, rising

here

here

,
,
.
,
.
, .

first, for the first time

forward, go ahead
ahead, along
fully, thoroughly
Truly , really
To the right
Physician, The doctor
medical

Injurious , hurtful

Temporary ,

time, date;
all; whole

still

something

, //
//
,
, //

, .
, .

always
all, altogether, in all, all in all
itself; self , only, merely
boil
owing to, because of , for, through
For this
recollect, remember, recall
recall, recollect, remember.

 .
, .
, .
.

stand up, stand; get up

To insert , put; affix
put, place, position. insert, inset, put in
be up, be about

run, meet , find, see

meeting

. //
.
.

Reception, engagement, greeting

meet, get together, find, see
counter, against, adverse
All, any, anyone, each, every, any
Again, repeatedly

Tuesday

. //

second; secondary , secondly

,
.

,

., ., .
.



.
,

second
in haste, in a hurry , quickly
Second-class, second-rate
secondary; minor
Three times , thrice
all three , three people, three
Entrance, access
To enter , enter, go/come/walk in
yesterday
Yesterday moning
last night, yesternight
yesterday's
fourfold

four people

entry, entrance

.
. /, /
.
. /, /

., .

.
.
.
, .

move in , enter, go/come/walk in

stand up, move in
drive in , enter, go
stand up
you
choice, selection
selection
throw away, throw out
choose
throw out, reject
sign, signboard, board
deduction, conclusion, imprisonment,
custody

advantageous, beneficial

, .

Discharge, unload, dump

, .

Discharge, unload, dump

, .

, .
.
, .
, ,

.
, , .
, .
.
,
.
, .
.
.
.
, .
, .
, .
,

Extradite, betray, emit, produce, give

extradite; betray
give; distribute
invent
Departure , equipage, carriage
move out; come out, depart, leave, start, set
out
set out, depart, start, come out, go out
Provoke, call, summon
Call, send for, induce, instigate
Win, pull off, win, gain
win, gain; winning
go out, exit, leave
switch; cut out
shut off, turn off, stop
switch off, turn off, stop
flight; sortie , departure
fly out; start , fly off/away
set out , fly off
To cure , heal, cure

To pour out

wash out; wash down,

.
.
.
.
, .
.
, .
. //
/ . /
.
. //
. //

wash, be rinsed ,
take out; lay out, abstract, produce
To have a drink , drink
grow; grow up
exile, deport ,send, dispatch
high, tall; big; towering, Temple
height, altitude; pitch; eminence; bigness ,
altitude; level, height, highness
put forward; kick; send out
For show , display
Exhibition, show
Exhibit, forward
for effect , display

To wash , wash

Upbuild, build

, - .

paramount; uppermost, high, supreme,

extreme
, .
.
.
. ,

Exile, send, sling

dry up, become dry
dry, wipe dry , efface
Wash, delete

learn, teach

exit, egress; outlet

.
//
.
.
.
-, , -

exit, egress; leave, come out, go out

put; do; do with , outlet; object; exit, rest day,
day off.
determine, find
calculate, compute
clean; brush
above, over; afore

find out; study out

elm, type of tree cultivated for shade and

ornament

.
. / /
.
.
.
.
.

knitted
fade, wilt; wither
overall dimensions, size
adder, asp, viper, horned adder
gas
newspaper; paper, journal
gas, gaseous
gas stove, gas cooker

lawn, grass

Nut, screw nut, female screw,

.

, / ./ .
.
.
.
.
/,
. ./
.
.
.
, .
,

haberdashery
haberdashery
necktie, tie, cravat
hallucination, delusion
garage
guarantee
guarantee
put out, extinguish,
gastronomer
Gastronomic, gastronomical
Carnation, pink
nail; hobnail
where


, -, - , -
.

Where are you going

somewhere
hectare

helicopter

generator

.
.
.
.
.
., .
.
.,

.
/,
. /
.
.
.
.


.
.
.

genius
Germanic; Saxon, German
death; doom, catastrophe, distruction,
perdition, extinction
flexible; pliant, pliable, supple
Flexibility, resilient
guide
hydraulics
Hydrotherapy, hydropathy
chapter
main
Iron, press
Level, smooth
Eye, eyes
strike the eye, stick out a mile
with the naked eye
Eye, ophthalmic
clay, loam
argillaceous, clay-like; heavy

clay (attr.), earthen

swallow, sip, gulp; drink , mouthful, gulp,

draught, pull

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.

depth, deepness; intensity

deep, profound; abysmal; pervasive
folly, stupidity; imbecility
foolish, stupid, silly; cloddish, obtuse
unable to hear, deaf ,hard of hearing
look, see, look, see, watch, behold
rotten, decayed, putrid
speak, talk; relate, tell, Speaking
year; twelvemonth
fitness; availability, durability ; stability ,
applicability
suitable, fitting, fit, fitted
annual, yearly, occurring once a year

 .
.
.

.
.

voice; call; vote, suffrage; vocal organ, pipe

blue, azure , light/pale blue
mountain; mount, hill
much; more; most; farthest, furthest; easily ,
easily
burn, combust; glow, blaze; tingle
horizontal, level; lateral; aclinic

mountain (attr), mountainous; upland (attr)

throat, neck; lane, throat, throttle; sl whistle

, .
.
, . //
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.

housemaid, maid; chambermaid , cleaner

mountain
mountain, highland, montane,
mountain, highland, montane
city; town, populated area that is smaller than
a city ,
urban, municipal; town; city ,town , city
townsman; urbanite, burgher, citizen, national
pea, type of green seed vegetable that grows
inside a pod , peas
Pease, pea
Handful, hollow
bitter, poignant, pungent, taste bitter

fuel, substance burned to create energy

(wood, coal, etc.), combustible

, .

hot; fervent, earnest; heated, fierce;

mettlesome; tropic; glowing; burnin

/
. /

Mister, messieurs; master, lord; gentleman

/
. /

lady, madam; ma'am, missis

.
.
.
.
.
, . //
. //
, .
.

, //
.

drawing-room, sitting-room, parlour;

hotel; inn, hospice
guest, visitor, caller
state, of state, public;
land, state; nation; commonwealth;
commonwea
prepare, make ready; train; make, cook,
prepare, make/get ready
prepare, make ready
prepare; qualify, train; study; be afoot ,
prepare oneself, make ready
degree, grade
drink, have a drink, partake
thermometer

citizen, national

citizen, national

.
.
.
.
,
, -
.
, .

citizenship, nationality
Gramme
Garnet , pomegranate;
limit, boundary; border, frontier; confine
across the border, abroad; oversea, overseas ,
foreign country
foreign countries/parts
Column, graph; count; earl
warm; roast; heat

buckwheat

mushroom

.
, .
,
.

tomb, grave, sepulchre; reliquary

loud; vociferous, noisy, clamorous; strong
Loudly, high
rude, vulgar; boorish

commodity, goods, merchandise; shipment,

freight, shipment, cargo; goods; load, burden;
haul,

load, freight; embark; bunker, lade, charge,

weight

truck, lorry

cargo, freight, goods, loading, freight, cargo

carrying, bearing capacity

Group, assemblage, pack

. //

pear, type of fruit; punching ball ,

pear, pertaining to a pear

Hernia , rupture

Garden-bed, flower-bed

Mud, muddy, dirty, slimy, sludgy

,
, .
, // .
.
.
.
.
., .
//
?, ? ?
.

mud, mire, wet soft earth

Unclean, dirty
Impurity, dirt, filth, mud
Lip
meander, stroll, take for a walk
anserine, goose
viscous, thick; dense, thick, dense
goose
yes
Yes ?
Give, hand

, .
.

,
//
- //,

, .

-
-

.
.
. .
.

press; oppress
Pressure, push, tension
For a long time , long ago
even
further
farther, further
and so on, etcetera, and so forth
distant, remote, far; farther, further; early;
wide; long ago
away off, a long way, afar; far, away; farther,
further; wide; best; furthest
further
farther, further; forth, forward; hereafter;
onward; along; beyond; next
lady, dame, gentlewoman
Lady's , ladies'
data, facts, information; records, evidence;
background
given, present , particular
Moment , now
incidentally

dentist; doctor

give, grant, bestow; donate; remember

.
.
, , , ,
,
.
, .

date; when
give, bestow; deliver
Give ,ask, pass
Twice,
Door, portal
motor, engine

move, stir, To move

move; run; get going

Traffic, Movement

Two

colon

two; deuce; dyad

.

.
, .
.
.
.

Double, duplicate
Courtyard, yard
janitor; wiper; yardman, door-keeper
Double, twofold
bilateral, bipartite
two-room
Two-place , two-seated

 .
., .
., .,

.
., .

Debit, discharge, delivery, capacity

girl, female child, lass; Miss; baby, sissy
girl, lass, maiden, adolescent, lady
grandfather

Orderly, on duty

Action, operation

/
. /,

.
. / -/

validity, availability
real, true, factual
act, do, operate, play

, . //

function, operate, work

, . ,

act, operate, play, induce, influence,

stimulate, act upon

declaration, pronouncement

decorative, scenic, ornamental

, .

/ /,/
. /
, . / /
. / -/
., .

, .
.
.
.

.
.
.

do; make; contract; perform

pretend ; feign, make believe
partition
Divide, to pieces
Divide, share, partake
business, work; deed
primarily, first thing; first go
business, of commerce; managing;
businesslike , official, office , functional
Monetary, pecuniary
period of 24 hours, day; period
money; currency; cash
deposit, deposit account
village, peasant, countrified
hamlet; country, countryside, Village
tree; wood

wood, wooden; timbered

hold, keep; carry; rest; poise

bear, hold on; keep to; repose, rest; stick,

cling

ten; decade

., /

/.
, .
.

Detail, part, portion, share; section,

detailed, itemized; detail, particular; minute
children, kids; babies; issue

child's, children's , childlike

Defect, blot, blur, defect

.
.
.

., .

cheaply, inexpensively
cheap, inexpensive
jam, marmalade
jumper, cardigan
gin eyewater , genie
denim, jeans, blue jeans

diagnosis

Diagonal, diagonal

diameter

, .
.
.
, .
.
., .

couch, divan, sofa

Dividend, interest
diet; dietary; regimen
dietetic, dietary
diesel; oiler; diesel engine
diploma, certificate given upon completion of
a course of study

director, manager

management, directorate; direction

disk, disc, flat circular object

discussion, debate; polemic, argument

dispatcher, traffic controller, expediter

. ,

Length, length,longitude

length; longitude

.
.
, .

,
.
,
.

,
.
. ,
.

Lank, Long, prolonged

long, prolonged, protracted
last, continue; endure; go on
extend, lengthen, prolong, spread
for
that
daytime
In the afternoon, during the day
Floor , bottom
to, unto; until; before; afore, above; ere; in so
far as
to her, up to her
add, supplement; throw in; tack, append;
subjoin
add ; append ; subjoin
come by, obtain, achieve, acquire, attain,
reach

valor, valiance; prowess, heroism

take

.
.
.

The power of attorney

Trust
To entrust
trust, confide; believe, credit; accredit, certify

contented, pleased, satisfied; glad, happy;

comfortable, comfy

tumble to

guess, conjecture; understand, deduce;

imagine; have a hunch , to guess

, .
, /

/ .
.
, / /

.
, .
, .
.

catch up, overtake; catch, run down, chase

and capture
negotiate, parley; arrange, concert; settle,
clinch; appoint
agreement, contract; treaty, convention
reach agreement, arrange; fix up
Overhaul, overtake
reach, arrive, gain
reach

Rain, drizzle

, .

Come, arrive

, . / /
. / /
.
.
.

.

.
.

doctor
doctor
document, deed, paper which provides
information or evidence
debt, liability; duty
Long, lingering, great, long, prolonged,
protracted
long, a long while
long term, long time; long distance
be; ought, have to, must, should, indebted, in
debt
due, something which is owed to a person;
tribute, levy
Post, office

valley

Dollar

Longer

., . //
., .
,

Part, piece, part

house, home
at home, at one's residence
domestic, home, house

 .
.
.
, .
.
.


.
, .

household, family
Surcharge, excess fare
pay in addition
Extra, additive, complementary
road, street, way,
Railway, railroad
Giving way
Dearly, dear, expensively
dearie, sweetheart, dear
road, highway; itinerary; viatic, travel,
traveling, travellers'
road sign, traffic sign

annoying, vexatious; aggravating; sad;

maddening, provoking, it is a pity

Board, plank, batten

, .

blackboard
Take , subvert, take down, pull down, obtain,
get

deliver

. ,

Deliver, cause

delivery

deliver, bring round, supply

. ,

, .
. c
.
, .

cause, make, generate, induce

enough
To get , subvert, take down
reach, arrive ( - to), compass, gain, win
achievement, attainment, comprehension
Arriveget, get, achieve, To reach

,
. / / validity, availability, reality
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
, .

Authentic, reliable
worthy
sights (pl.), landmark, showplace
access, approach, admission, adit, admission,
approach, entrance
accessible, approachable; available, attainable
touch, dab, meet ; osculate, contact
Revenue, earnings
Yield, profitableness; profitability
reader, prelector, docent
daughter
Ancient, aged

 ., .
, .



.



.
.

yeast, leaven, ferment

Friend, compeer
each other
eyeball to eyeball
together
Another , friend, friend, mate
Next time
contrariwise, per contra, again
Next day
friendly, amicable, amiable, genial
oak tree, oak

oaken

think

.
.
.
,
, .
.
.

perfume
furnace, oven
douche, shower, shower bath , Souls
airless, stuffy; stifling, sultry; smothery;
sticky
Sultry, airless, fusty
Fume, smoke
melon

Hole , hollow

Breathe, To breathe

.
, .,
. / /
., . //
.
.
.
, .
.
,
,

.
, , /

/
. ,
.
.

dozen
uncle
food; nourishment
Eating, feeding, nurture, action
one; unit; unity
Unitary, single
only, single, sole; exclusive
Unified
Annual, yearly
daily
Monthly
weekly
Weekly
Go, travel, drive, ride , Going, walk
eat; make; pick; take; walk into; there is
content, capacity, volume, firry, of fir trees
capacity, content

, ,

.
. / /
. //
, .

, .
.
.
,
.
, // ,

, .
., ., .,

.
, .
.
, .
, , .

.
.
, .
, .
.
, . ,
. /-/
.

,
.
.
.
.

if
natural
eat, consume, feed on
there is, there are,be, exist; fare; play
To go , travel, journey, get about
still, yet; else; more
Greed, gluttony
bite; sting , To pity, pity
pitiful
poorly; miserably
complaint
Sorry, hard
Venetian blinds, jalousie
heat
Fry, bake
jargon
Fry, bake
Hot, fiery, flaming
Hot, ardently
Fry
cut, mow; harvest, reap, press
Burning, hot, red
Wait, abide
want
Desire, , suit
Wish, desire
railway
Iron, steel
Railway, railroad
iron
armored concrete, strengthened
yellow
stomach

, .

wife

, .

married

woman

.
, .

woman
Firm, hard

 .
.
.

live
Stomach, abdomen
animal, beast, brute

liquid, fluid

/,
. /

thin

.
.

liquid
Life, abdomen
lifestyle

living

Fat, fatness

.
.
.
.

.
.

, , , ,

/ /
//
/ /
, /-/

, .
, .
, , .
, .
.
.
.
.
.
//
/-/
.

Fatty, lardy
inhabitant
Habitation, residence
residence
Live, be alive
Magazine, journal
journalist
Placet , For
behind
By border
Distance, For, onto
Before, beforehand
During , across, through
Something, by, by the side of, beside, near,
close to, next to
Except, except for
To block
To take away, take
drive in, hammer in
Beforehand, preliminary, timely, opportune,
apropos
To lose the way
delude oneself; err, mistake, misbelieve,
mislead, delude,
Delusion, fallacy
illness, disease, sickness
Sicken, fall ill, sicken, catch a desease
be taken ill, get sick, come down, illness,
disease
be taken ill, get sick, something, somewhat
fence; paling, picket fence; palisade, railing

 .
.
.

To care , tend
To reserve
To overlook, leave behind, forget

forget

/. ./

Scald, brew

.
.
. / -/
. //
, . //
, . //


.
.
. ,
, /, /
//
.

The manager
Assurance
Affirm, reassure
Reassure, document
Wrap, To turn , pack up
To curtail, To turn
Be rich
depend
dependence
Factory, plant
Initiate, take, lead, To establish
Begin , take
run up , take, lead, motor
Mill, factory
Morning, tomorrow

Breakfast, snack

Tomorrow, of tomorrow

, .

tomorrow
To knot , tie up, bind up

Riddle, enigma

Sunburn, suntan

drop in, pop in

title, heading

.
.
.

get a suntan, sunbathe

suburban; country, rural
Abroad, foreign country

overseas, foreign

put a question to, ask a question

., .
.
.
.
, .
.
,

The task , errand, task

task
detain
lay over; overstay
To touch , touch
back, behind, after; rear, tail
By back, aback, backward


. / . . /
.
.
.
.

To reflect , muse, be lost in thought

burn up, light, kindle
Lighter, lighter,
To light, burn, singe, parch, scorch
Interest, material
drop in, stop by; turn in, visit, resort, call on

The order, errand

order; charter; book

.
.
.

.
.
. //
, ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
, .
.
.
, .
.
., .
.
., .,

.
.

The customer
To order, book, order, charter
end, finish, conclude
sundown, sunset; afterglow
glue, join with glue, glue, paste
To stick, stick
Agreement, conclude
Deduction, imprisonment, conclusion
conclude
Law, principle
lawful
regularity
law-governed
To finish
Fasten, infix
To close, closed
closed, shut; enclosed
Covered, shut up, close
buy in, purchase
To light, burn up, light
To smoke(light)
hall
gulf
pledge
slow, retard

delay, impede, retard, temporize

Exchange, alternate

, .
, .
.
. / /

Replace,
Substitute, change, substitute
Deputy, The assistant
Descry, To see

 ., . //
. /, /

Remark, scratch, label, Note

note, message, chit, remark

clearly, visibly; noticeable, obvious

/,
. /

behold, cognize, descry, detect, discern

, .

change, substitute, replace, substitute; act;

deputize

castle, chateau, castle

., .,
.

Lock, castle, chateau

.
, .
., .,

., .
. //
, , . //
,

// .
. / /
, . /, /

become silent, break off

To break off
contrivance, plan
To bring, thing
To bring, Record
mark down
To take, loan; mortgage
Borrow, occupy, To take , place, time

. / -/

To be engaged, interest

Anew

, . / /
, , . //
.
.
.
.

To bring, thing, take, carry

To bring, record, bring in, carry in
Occupation, Employment
Busy, full
To engage, loan
west

Western, west

wrap up, pack

., .
.
., .
, .
.
.
, .
.
, .
.
.

reserve, store; fund

spare, reserve; store, reserve, spare, stand-by
Smell, sense of smell
To lock , shut, close
seal, close up
seal, seal up, glue
lock, fasten, latch; bar, secure , shut, close;
To write down , book, note, record, register,
Slip, note, message, chit, remark
note-book; diary; (writing-)pad, jotter;
agenda
To write down , book, note, record, register

 .
, .
, , . //
- . //
.

plan, make a scheme, plot, design

To pay , give, part
To fill , fill
To fill , The form , replenish
To remember , remember

remember

memorize

remember

Request, ask, inquire, interrogate, question

interdict, prohibition; ban, embargo; taboo ,

taken

Prohibit, interdict

.
.

To forbid , forbid, prohibit, put a ban on

Inquiry, query, question

. //

ask, inquire, question

. //

search, hunt, quest; looking for, seeking, The

price

, .

Intricate, confused, confounded, chaotic,

mazy

, .

Entangle, abash

.
, .
.
. / /
, . ,
.
.
.
, .
.

Spares
Comma, Point
To earn , earn, gain, get, score, win
win, gain, earn
Earnings, gain, lucre, profit, returns, pay,
salary
enregister; incorporate
book, enter, notify, score, register
rusty, oxidized, rust-eaten
foreign; exterior , strange, alien
Charge, arm, load

Charge, arm, load , arm, load, prime

Merit, achievement; credential; merit

go to sleep; fall asleep, drop off

Compel, make, force, chock up

.
, .
.
,
.
,
., .

To force, constrain, compel, coerce, oblige

To find
hook up
Next, Then, after
stop up , shut up
But
Delivery, expense

, . //
, . /, /
, . //
, . /, /
.
.
, .

.
.
.
, ,

.
., //

.
., . //
/ ., ,
, . /
, ,
. / /
. /-: /
. / /
,
. / /
.
., .

.


.
.
.
.
! !
! !
.

.
. / /

Spend, resources
effort, exertion; trouble, labor, push; struggle;
pull, stretch, stress , apply, use, utilize, make
use of
Means, spend, expend, exhaust, exhaust
Spend, effort, lay, place, rest, put, set
Hardship, difficulty
obstruct
To come , deflect
Why , What for
To enlist
sew, stitch up, suture
Behalf, Guard
To declare
The application , claim, requiring , demand
Document, application
request, adjuration, appeal, invocation, suit
To call , nominate
invite, ask, bid, To call
ring, clang, tinkle, bell
telephone, phone; call on the phone, ring s.o.
up
sound, tune, Note
building
Here
indigenous
To greet , greet, salute
shake hands
Healthy, healthy
Health, fitness, lustiness, well-being
health resort , sanatorium
health services, sanitation, hygiene
Hi , hello
Hello, good afternoon
healthy, robust; sober, sound, sane; moderate;
wholesome; sensible
mother wit, common sense
green, verdant, lawny
Greens , vegetation

 . / /
., .
., .
.
.

Greens , To food
earthquake
earth; land; ground, dirt, soil; territory; floor;
sod; deck
strawberry
mirror, looking glass, reflection; glass

granule, grain; kernel, corn; seed; berry

winter

,
.

In the winter
winter; winterly, wintry; hibernal, of or
pertaining to winter

, .

sign, mark

Acquaint, introduce

.
., .
, . //
., . / /
.
, .
.
. ,
.

.
.
, .
.

To get acquainted , introduce

Acquaintance , introduction , knowledge
Familiar, Known, well-known, familiar
Familiar, known , acquaintance
Denominator
Famous , celebrated
knowing
Aware , Knowing
know, be acquainted with, be familiar with
Meaning , Value
Considerable, appreciable
mean, signify
gold

golden

Sonde , drill, well, auger

Umbrella , Canopy

tooth

brother in law; son in law

, //
, ,
.
.
, .

and
And, even
because, for , as
Needle
Roller, needle
Ignore, neglect, ignore, defy, disregard

The game, playing

To play, Playing

The player, gambler

 .
.
.
.

Toy, plaything
Apotheosis, Ideal
Ideal
idea

, . / , / go, move
, . //
, . //
. / . ./

, , .
, .

go, move, walk, To go

act, behave, proceed, go, move, walk, tread,
it rains, Rain
Out, From, out of
To avoid , avoid, shun, eschew, stay/keep
aside
To avoid , shun

Excess, Surplus

Abundant, superfluous

, .
, .

., .
, . ,
, .
, .
.
, ,
.
.
, , - / , . - /
, -,
, .
.
.
.
,
.
.
, .
., . ,
.
.
,
,

Apology, Apology
excuse, justify
To apologize, excuse
Bend, twist
make, produce, devise, manufacture
To make , fabricate
Fabrication, Manufacturing
Made, hand-made
From apart , Have issued
product
Costs, expense
all along of, because, from behind, beyond
for the sake of; for; by way of
heal, cure
Heal , cure
make a complete recovery , cure
Surplus, excess
Excessively, Is unnecessary
ray, radiate, beam
Radiation, eradiation, emanation
Favourite
Change, reverse
Alter, modify, To change
Gauge, measure
Wrinkled, crush badly, battered, crumpled
wear, lose quality gradually, wear down,
abrade, scrub, scour, rub out

from within, from inside

from under, from beneath

, .
, ,

.
.
.
.
. //
.
.
/ /
.
.
, ,
.

.
, .
, .
, .
.
., .
.

, , /-/
, ,
.
.

use; use up, spend , expend, exhaust

Occasionally
study, learn; read; explore, investigate
study, learn
Raisin
icon, image
Meal, Food
eggplant mash, aubergine puree
Clay, ooze, Silt
or
illusion

just, exactly, precisely, namely, videlicet

have
Them, these
immunity
import
To import
import
Impulse, pulse
Property
name
in behalf of
Otherwise, Differently
Otherwise, differently
Invalid, The invalid
inhalation

The engineer , engineer

. / /

Incir, fig

,
.
, .
.

Sometimes, occasionally
Foreigner, foreigner
Foreign, extraneous
Institute, institute

instrument

The instruction

.
.
.

insult
interval
interest, concern; favor; zest


.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, //
. //
.
.
.
., .
.
. //
.

, .
.
.
.

Interestingly
Interesting
interest, concern
interpret
intuition
Infarct
Information, communicatory
Information
search, seek, hunt for, look for; investigate,
examine
To exclude , exclude
Excluding
Exception,
Sincere, honest
artificial
art
Execution
Performer, The executor , executor
Perform, accomplish, To execute
Utilization, Use, application
apply, employ, exploit, use, make use of,
employ, To use
To spoil
Rectify, To correct , reclaim
correct, set right, retrieve
True

Story, History

medical history

, . /. /

Spring, source, origin

spa, mineral spring

initial; original; parent , starting

Outgoing, departing

cure, heal

To disappear, evanesce, vanish

so; ergo

., .
,

, , / /
/ /

Result, Gathering, The tax

all, altogether, everything, a total of,
commonly, generally, universally
Them, their,
at, in; by; over; under , to, toward; towards,
near; unto, into; by; for; against, At
Time, toward

 /, .
/
/ , . /

Toward , attitude, Attitude, bearing

For, to

cable

cabin

.
.
.

, .
, .

,

/ /
/ , /

.

, .
, /./
? ?
, ,
-

, -
, -
, -
.
, .
.

The cabinet , cabinet

inverted commas, quotation marks, quotation
marks, inverted commas
Shot, sequence
each, every, any, Everyone
Seeming, apparent
To seem , look, appear, seem
how, what
how much, As far as
exactly
anyhow; somehow or other
like
Since , eversince
as such
cocoa
how, however; whence; how on earth?
what, which
What, what kind of, which
how, however, whence
some, certain, any, whatever
Some, certain
one, some
kind of, somehow ,
Calendar, almanac
Wicket, gate, wicket
flounder, flatfish

Stony, Stone

Stone, rock

. ,
, .
.
.

camera
gutter, kennel, runnel
Sewerage, canalization
holiday, vacation

office, chancery , bureau

Writing, office

investment

, .

Capital, basal, basic, essential

drop, bead, blob, dribble

housecoat, loose robe worn in the house;

hood, movable part which covers the engine
of an automobile; wrapper, capote

.
.
.

kapron
Cabbage, Cabbage
Pencil, appeal, supplicate, adjure

carburetter

cardinal

.
.
.
.
.

cardiogram, electrocardiogram
Carcass, skeleton
Pocket, cavity
pocket, vest pocket
map

card index, file of cards which contain

references to separate items

Potatoes

potato

Card

Photograph, Snapshot

, . / /

touch, make contact with, feel, perquisition,

touch, graze, brush against

Cash department, pay-desk, cash-desk, cashbox

.
.
.
.

. ,
.
.
.
.
.
.

cassette
Cashier, cashier
Pan, pot, Saucepan
catalogue
Accident
Category
Cafe, coffee-house
Stand, desk, rostrum
qualitative
porridge, mash, mess, mull, soft hot cereal
made of oats or wheat; kasha, porridge made
from cooked grain
Square
square, quadrate, quadratic

Qualification, qualification

Skilful, trained

. / /
. //

Quarter
quarter, trimester

 ., .
.
, .

apartment, flat; condominium, quarter

rent, money paid for the use of property,
Employment
receipt

Uppermost, aloft

Cake

Cap

Gas , kerosene

wag; beckon; nutate, nod , beck, beckon, nod,

wag

nod

kilowatt

kilogram

.
, , .
.
, .
., .
, .

Kilometer, kilometre
sprat, small edible fish
cinema
To throw, cast, throw
Kiosk, cabin
Boil, boiling

, .

boil, seethe; boil over; bubble, froth

boiler, hot water heater; tea urn , immersion

heater

, .
// .
.
.
.
.

boil, seethe , decoct; sterilize

Boiled water , water
boiled, brought to the temperature at which a
liquid becomes a gas
Brick
Brick, brick-built
Kissel, sour, tart; acetous, vinegary; acid,
acerbic

Oxygen, Oxygenium

Acid

Sour

. //

turned sour

intestinal

client, customer, patron

.
.
.

Clientele, clients
climate
clinic

. //

sphere, globe, ball, orb, club, Smoke

key

The book



.
., .

phone book, telephone directory

downward, downwards
Carpet
Mat, rug

/./

When, question

/ /

When, Condition

-, - /
/

some time, some/one day

-, -
/ /

.
- -
- -,
, - -,
, , -
-
-, - -
. ,
.
.
.
. /./
.
. ,
.
., .
.
.
.
.
.

one day
Who, Whom
code
here and there
hardly
anyhow; anywise , Carelessly
Some, somebody
some, somebody
something, somewhat
selection, choice; picking, choosing;
screening
command
context
continent
Horse, steed
skin
Skin , Leather
peel, rind, skin, rind of fruit or vegetables;
jacket, bark
Bunk, lie down, rest, relax
Sausage
Quantity, amount
College
Well, draw-well,
mission, delegation, official journey

Combine, industrual complex

Commercial, trade

.
.
.
.
.
.

room, chamber; apartment; lodgings

Recompense, compensation
Competence, conversance
competence, capability, ability
Complex
component; constituent element

 .
.

.
, ,

.
.
.
.

envelope, paper wrapper in which letters are

sealed and sent; cover
confectionery, pastry shop, baked goods shop
The conductor
The end , finish
Surely, Certainly, naturally
ending; terminal, extremity
competition, rivalry; contention
Canned food , preserves
The consul, consul

consulate, office of a consul

Consultant, adviser

contact; society; hookup

Contract, contract, agreement

Contrast, antithesis

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

, .
.
, .
, .
.

control, command, check, monitor, preside,

supervise, oversee
control, check, oversight, superintendence
contour, outline , Circuit
configuration
Sweet
The conflict
Concert
finish, complete, conclude, end, terminate,
accomplish
To terminate , finish, complete, conclude, end
Cognac, brandy
Replicate, master form, replica , copy,
imitate, duplicate
smoked, smoke dried
nurse, breast-feed; feed, nourish; bait
Box, small box, cabinet
The king, Stole
Short, piece, bit, fragment, fritter
cosmetic
Costume, Costume

. //

bowler hat, derby hat, Hat

meatball, meat formed into a ball; rissole,

hamburger

, .
/./

cutlet
Who, which

 /./
.
., .
.
,
.
., .
.
, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ,

Which, who, that

coffee
coffee pot, pot
Margin, margin
Extremely, supremely
Extreme
Faucet, cinnamon
fountain
Handsome, Beautiful
color, dye; paint; stain
paint; tint, color; dye; stain; flush, suffusion,
Fight
Red, rouge, red
momentary, brief; transitional, fleeting
Cream
fortress, bastion, citadel; fastness, firmness;
hardiness, stoutness
Chair, Armchair
cry, shout, bawl, call, scream, vociferation,
yell

, .

To shout

Laboratory, Lab

.
,

camp
Goods

lamp

noodles, pasta

. //

Animal, lion, lev

. / /

monetary unit ,

left

. / /

Light, Easy, Weight

. //

easy; light, not heavy, easy

motor car, passenger car

Lung, Easy

pulmonary

. / /
, . ,
.

Laying, lay
To lay, To be , belong
Medicine

Ribbon, Tape

Woods, Wood

.
., .

Forested, wooded
Stairs, Ladder, staircase

Summer

summer

,
.
.
., .
.

flying, flight
clinic; specializing hospital; retreat
medicinal, medicative; therapeutic, curative;
remedial
Treatment, medication
To treat , cure
Or

lemon

. ,

line

.

.
.
, .
. / , /
.
.
,
.
.
.
, .

sheet
Paper Sheet
Litre
Lift
Licence
The person
Personal
superfluous
Only
Fever, ague, shaking chop
Spoon
Lies , Lie
Break, To break

., .,

Slice

horse

Meadow, mead
Pool, puddle, pool, plash.

onion

bulb

-, -

better

-, -

Best

.
.
,

.

Skis
my treasure
Anyone, each, every
in any case, anyway, in any event
The people , folk

Luster, chandelier, lustrev

shop

The master

 ., .
.
.
.
, , .

, .
. ,
., .

Ointment, balm
Mayonnaise, mayo
Macaroni
Maximal, Maximum
Small, little
It is not enough
petty, insignificant
Is small, small
The kid ,

boy, jack, lad, stripling, youngster, boy,

youngster, lad

mom, mama (Informal), mother

margarine

. / , / stamp, postage stamp; mark

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
., .
. //
, , ., . , //

route
Table, multitude, many; congeries,
amassment; mass, bulk; wood pulp; paste
Massage, rubdown
Massagist, masseur, masseur
Massive, massive, solid, voluminous,
ponderous, rugged
Mass
Craftsman, The foreman , master
Workshop,
Material, Stuff, Substance
Plates , Matress, Stuff

, . ,

Matress, spring-bed

mother, mom, mater

. ,

Machine, mechanism, machine

Furniture

Furnish, upholster, furnished

Honey, copper

Bear, polar bear

, .
.
.

, .
, .
.

physician, doctor, medic, physician, doctor,

medic
Medicines
Medical, health
medical examination, physical examination
Dilatory, Slow, slow, sluggish, dilatory,
floppy, phlegmatic, stagnant, laggard, long,
tardy, inactive, inert
To hesitate , delay
clinic, first aid post, place where people

receive medical treatment

.

nurse, nanny

Between, in between

Intercity, interurban

International, international

. / , /

Small, petty, Fine

. / /

Petty, shallow

. //
. ,
,
.
-

,
- ,
.
- .
., .
,
.

Triviality, Money
Trifle, Triviality
at a glimpse , hastily, hurriedly, quickly,
swiftly, in a hurry, hurriedly, cursorily
The memoirs
Less, little
However, nevertheless, nonetheless
Less , It is less
Minority, minority
lesser
The menu , Sheet
me
To change

Measure, action

measure

.
.
.
.
.

locality, place; situation; community;

country; ground; terrain , District
Indigenous, Local
Place, spot, location, stand
residence, dwelling place, habitation,
domicile
whereabouts

month

metal

, .
.
.
.
, .

metallic
method
Procedure
meter
Fur, skin, coat

Mechanism, mechanism

Mechanician, mechanic

furry, fur , skin

mosque

dream

 . ,

Hinder, balk, clog, cumber, embarrass, fetter,

hamper, hinder, handicap, impede,

Sack, Bag

, .
.

.

blink, wink, nictitate; twinkle

microclimate
despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
Miniature, miniature

mineral, madeni, mineral

Minimal, minimum

.
.
.
.

Ministry, government department

Minister, secretary of state
Minus, sign for subtraction or negative value
(-)
Minute

. ,

Peace, light

. / /

Peace, pax

.
.
, ,
.
, . ,
.
- . / /
. / /

.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Peaceful, Peace
World outlook , worldview
World, cosmic
mystery play, mystery, mystery, arcanum,
enigma
invention, fable, fabrication, fiction
The baby, infant, baby
Minor, time
junior, younger
To me , me
Mind, Opinion
most; much, a great deal; many
many
Multiple, Repeated
multifarious
suspension points
dear; greatly respected
numerous
Mobile
fashion, mode, style, vogue

Dressy, Cool

maybe, perhaps; possibly, perchance, depend

.
/, , / ,

It is possible , perhaps
Brain
My, Mine

 .
.
.
.
.

., .
.
.
.
.

Wet
Youth

Young
Milk
condensed milk, evaporated milk, armored
cow
hammer
Milky, dairy
To be silent , be silent, keep silence, keep still
Instant, The moment
momentary; split second, very short period of
time

Coin, piece of money

The monitor , monitor

Monopoly, patent

.
.

sea
carrot

Ice-cream

chilled; frozen

, .
.
.

Frost
Maritime, Sea
The bridge

motive, reason; tune; motif

motor, engine

Wisp, cloth

Can

might, power; capacity

.
. ,
.
, .
.
.
.

Power
gloom, murk; obscurity, darkness; opaque
marble
The husband, man, mate, goodman, spouse.
Masculine, male
The man, male, he
Museum

Music

flour

, .

garbage

chute, garbage chute

The fly
We

 .
.
.

Soap
Cape, Nose
Thinking, thought

To wash

. ,

myth, fable

.
.
.
.
.
/,
, , /
,

Thinking ,mentality, cogitation

The mouse
Soft
Meat
flesh, meat, meat
Onto, On, upon
On table

, / /

On, onto

Stadium

, , , / /
, /, ./
,
., .
. //

.

across, through, via, by way of, time, Term

on
Onto, material, Stuff
For
embankment
Gather, pick
Choose phone number
Observe, watch

. /., /

gathering; goffering; recruitment

. ,

Kit, Package, set

, .
.

,
., .
.
. ,
.

Likely, Probably
Upward, aloft
, overhead
Shed, roof, housetop, shed
Deluge, deluge
Evermore, forever
Towards, against, opposite
custom, habit, use, wont, skill
Demonstrative, clear, synoptic
Reward, The award, The premium
burden, load, charge, lade, weight, load up

Above, on, upon, over, on top of.

. //

dress, vest, apparel, attire, enrobe, garb, habit,

put on, To put on, Clothes

. //
, . /, , /

put on, To put on , Footwear

put, place, position, set, fit, lay, apply,
Glasses, mittens

 ,
.
,
, .

.
., .
.
.

.
. ,
-...
.
.
,
.
.
.
- , -
, - ! -!
.
.

,
.
, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
,

.
.

To hope
It is necessary
annoy, bother, harass, irritate; pester, nag,
bore
For a long time ,
Inscription
Employment, hire, engagement
To press , push, jam
press, push, apply pressure
Back, backward
The name, name
call, name, term, designate, (de)nominate,
style, To make
Most
Naive, artless
Denomination, The name
Aslant, athwart
To find
Prick, stick, impale
bend, cant, incline, slant, slope, tilt, tip,
lower, nutate, incline, slope
At last , finally
at last
scratch together, accumulate, amass
To feed
Rearrange, correct, retrieve
left, to the left, leftward
To pour , pour
The tax, tax, duty, imposition, tribute
taxpayer, ratepayer
intend, mean; purpose, design, plan; propose,
suggest; contemplate
intention
employ, engage; feed; hire, rent; ship, rent,
occupy, take on
Employer, tenant, lodger, renter
To employ , rent, occupy, take on
On the contrary , Opposite, inside out, upside
down, contra, criss-cross
Type, print; publish , print, run off
File, grater, rasp
To write , write, indite, take down

 ., .
.
.
, .
., . / /
,

Drink, beverage,
To fill , fill
To remind, remind
To direct , address, direct, superscribe
way, direction, course
To the right

Vainly, uselessly

for example, e...g..., for instance

, / /
., . / /
., .


.

, / ./

For rent
opposite, across the street/way; over there,
Place
Pull, voltage
The people, folk
Purposely
Outside, out, outside, without
To break , break, violate
To the order , in line, side by side
As far as , how far, to what extent, how much

Cold

pump

.
,
, .
,
.
, .
.
.
.
, , . ,
.
.

.
.
, .
, .
., .
/ , , /,

Persistently
Unadulterated, Present
About, concerning, on, of, with
regard/respect to
Natural
At random
Science
To learn , teach, train (in), instruct, school
Scientific, teach, Is learned
headphone
To find , procure, search out
To be, To be, stay
mark up, surplus charge
Beginning, commencement
The beginning
The chief
Inchoate, initial, first, inceptive, incipient
begin, start; initiate, commence
begin, start, commence
filling, stuffing
Ours


.
, .
.
, .

.
.
.
, .
.
, .
,
,

, .
.
.
.
.
,

Isn't, Not
The sky
Small, slight
Negligence, negligence
The bride, fiancee, bride
despite, inspite of, although, notwithstanding,
nevertheless, none the less;
Tasteless, savourless, insipid, unpalatable
impossible
neurosis
neuropathist
disadvantageous
impossible; impracticable
There is no place
Newly, Recently
Near, near, not far
not without reason
Lapsed, unreal, inofficious, fantastic
weekly
Week
bad, of poor quality
Is dissatisfied
Not for long
impermissible, forbidden; inadmissible;
intolerable

Misunderstanding

Cheaply, cheap, cheaply, on the cheap.

., .
.
.

defect, deficiency; shortage, lack; failure;

foible, weakness
inaccessible
Undesirable, inadvisable
Imperceptible

There is no need

Unhealthy

Unfamiliar

unimportant

Immature, unripe, underripe, crude, green,

verdant

Inevitable

Unknown

. / /
, ,

Defective, defective
Certain, Somebody


,
, ,
,
,

Some
Inopportunely
It is impossible
taken It is impossible
Immediately, forthwith
It is a little, little

Uncommon, Unusual

Unlimited

.
., .
, .
.
, .
.

repeated
Unexpectedness, surprise
Unexpected, unexpected
improper, inappropriate, inapposite
Not clear , incomprehensible, inexplicable;
imperceivable, inapprehensible; obscure,
unclear
Incorrect, anomalous, abnormal, amiss,
improper, irregular, foul, wry
By all means

inadmissible, unacceptable

unconstrained, unlabored; natural;

spontaneous, artless, natural, spontaneous,
un(con)strained, unforced, unlaboured, free
and easy

off hour, free time, off-day, holiday

day off, vacation day, free day, holiday; a day

off

.
.

Jumpy, Nervous, nervous, agitated, tense,

anxious, apprehensive
Rustproof, non-corrosive, incorrodible,
stainless, rustfree, rust-proof

irregular; unequal; rough, rugged

Several, A little

,

,
.
//
//
.


,
,

Despite, In spite of
no matter what
Undoubtedly, undoubtedly
carry, bear; bring, carry with; waft, carry in
the air
No , denial, negation
No, not
Inaccurate, inexact
Inconvenient, awkward
Something, object, thing, something
Nor, not a, never a
Anywhere,

Lower, under

/ /

Low, base; lower, bottom

,

,
-


.
, .
.

In any way
Anybody, nobody, nobody
Anywhere
At all
Anything

Novelty
news; item, news story; novelty
new, novel; recent, fresh; original,
innovative; modern, advanced

Leg

Knife

., .
.
. /./
.
.

.
.
.

Scissors
Nought, Nil
Number
Normal
Normative
To carry, bear; wear
Notarial, notarial
The notary
To spend the night

Night

Night

, .
, , ,

/./
.
, ,
//
/ , /
.,
.
.
.
.

.

To like
must
Well
shade, nuance, hue, touch, tincture, hint.
Onto , on
Chair, found, be based; lean; recline, rest;
bear
Clod, than
Both
go by
To consider
Both
Dinner
To have dinner
prandial, pertaining to dinner , dinner, lunch

, .
.
, .
, .
.
.
.
, .
, .
., .
.
.

ensure, guarantee; provide; procure; find;

instate
The promise
promise, pledge, give one's word
The review
To offend
region, area, territory, domain
radiation
fraud, deceit; trickery, deception; delusion,
illusion; dishonesty, fraudulence
To deceive
exchange, conversion; swap, trade
To exchange
To generalize , summarize, totalize, colligate.

.
, .
.

Enrich, improve
heat, warm
mark, denote; designate; define; denominate

Review

wallpaper, paper hanging

, . / /
.

Circumvent, Movement
equipment, supplies, necessary items, tools or
other objects for completing a task;
furnishings, furniture

founded, well grounded; just; valid

sharpening

roadside

mutual, reciprocal

To process , treat

. ,
.
. //


.
.
., . / /

.
.

Shape, guise
Sample, pattern
Education, Formation
Back
give heed to, pay attention
inspect, examine; explore; survey
service, attendance, attendance
situation, condition; context, background;
furnishings, furniture , furniture, furnishings
(pl.).
Circumstance, auspice
Discuss, To discuss
discuss, debate; consider, think about
carefully; confer, consult with

 .
.
.
, .
, .
.
.
.
.

Discussion, consideration
shoes, footgear, anything worn on the feet,
covering for the feet
instruct, teach; discipline, train; breed,
nurture; ground; profess
To be trained
Training
To train, educate
brace; enclasp, enfold; entwine; cope; go
round
Hostel, dorm
dorm, Hostel

sociable

objective, impartial; outer

Volume

To announce, proclaim

.

.

Pronouncing, The announcement

bulletin board
To explain

To explain, explain, unriddle

Ordinary, usual, common, commonplace

.
, .
.
, ,

, .
.
, .
.

.

Custom, habit; usage

Usual
Duty
Necessarily
Compulsory, Obligatory
obligation, duty responsibility
vegetable
contents; table of contents
look back
kitchen garden, market garden

To afflict

grief; pain, affliction; infliction;

mortification; chagrin; concern

.
, .
.
.
.
., .
.

fence, railing; fencing; enclosure; hedge

limitation, restriction; restraint, reserve;
swaddle
Formidable, Huge
Cucumber
To put on
Clothes, garb
To put on , get dressed

Blanket

quilt

.
,

the same, equal, identical, alike

once

One

same

.
.,

/.,
. /
.
, .
, .
.
.
.
, .
.
. ,
, , //
, //
., .,
,
., .
. /./
.
, .
.
. / /
. /., /
.

Simultaneously
Monotonous
disposable, meant to be used once and then
discarded
one-sided, unilateral
lend; oblige, loan; mortgage
anticipate, expect; await; fear, apprehend;
contemplate, think
Preoccupied, pensive, thoughtful,
absorbed/sunk in thought.
Lake
Bespeak, mark, note , mean, denote
To appear
salute, hello; holler, call; speak, summon
Window
chains, shackels, fetters; irons
about, next to; around, approximately; beside,
near, by; next; at
About, Near, approximately
end, termination; ending, conclusion, finish,
completion; conclusion
ending, inflexion, termination
final, at the end, last, ultimate; decisive;
conclusive, definitive
finish
but
small window
booking-office
outskirts, edge of a city; edge, periphery

paint; color, dye; blot, stain

Neighbourhood, Vicinity

.
.

cigarette butt, cigarette stub or stump

tin
he; it
she; it


.

.

they
Oncology
it
To be late

Fear

Danger

.
.
, .
., /

/ .
.
, .
.
, .

Dangerous
To outstrip
description, descriptive statement
Payment
reciprocate
honor; solve
pay, defray, remunerate
lateness, tardiness

be late; lose

The opponent, contradictor

.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.

definite; determined, settled; certain; definite

article
define
Optimal
publish; release
Experience, attempt, bid, try, venture
Experimental, experienced
Again
organ; part; limb; agency
organism
To organize, organize
nut, dry fruit contained in a shell

original, innovative, creative

. ,

Orientation, finding

peg

Siege, leaguer, investment

Autumn

Autumn

complication

. //

review, revision, inspection, survey, check

Basic, Main

Specially, especially

Relinquish, To leave

remaining

To stop

/.,
. /

put up, stay

. //

arrest, blocking, cessation, stopping, Action

/.,
. /
.

.
, .
. /., /
/., .
. /
.

stop; station; halt, stopping

To remain
Cautiously
Cautious, chary, wary, guarded, open-eyed
facetious
sharp, keen
hot, peppery, sharp, pungent
axis, straight line around which an object
turns; axle, shaft around which a wheel
revolves, axle, shaft
from, away from, out of, off

To take

Replication, The answer

To answer, reply

. ,

return, restore, replace

., .

rest, repose, relaxation; recreation;

refreshment; comfort

, .

repose, rest, relax; holiday, vacation

., .

swelling; turgidity; . intumescence

The father

no, negative answer; turndown

chock a block, to satiety

.
.
.
, .
. /., /
/ ./

., .
, . ,

withhold
repel, reject; deflect, divert; dismiss; inflect;
renounce
Frank
Open
break, crack, uncork
from where, whence
To differ
Difference
Postpone, wait a little

Heating

, .

imprint

, / /

.
., .

unbolt, unlock
sender, mailer; transmitter

 .
. /., /
. / /
.

Consign, To send
starting, etc.
Holiday
Reflectance

To cut off

Negative

, .

,

absent, be away; stay out

hence; hereof; thence
Because
Therefrom

why

, .

Patronymic

.
, .

The report
Departure

, .

Disinter, seek out

Official

, .
, .

The waiter
waitress

formalize; get up; draw; execute

engulf

. ,

hunt, hunting, sport, chase

The hunter

appreciate

estimate

Obviously

.
,
.
.

evident, obvious, clear, apparent

Very much
essay; study; outline
Glasses

, .

To be mistaken

, .

To be mistaken

. ,
/., , . /
/., /
.
.

mistake, error, fault, trip, wrong

Chamber, chamber
Flight
finger
pantheon, temple for the gods

The daddy

. /., /
. /., /

pair, couple, dyad, two

two; deuce; dyad

paragraph

Parameter

Guy, young man

. //

Barber, hairdresser

. //

coiffeur, hairdresser, hair-stylist

.,
//

male, masculine; virile, manly

park; yard; garden; fleet; policy

.
.
, .
.

The password
The passport(certificate) , passport
passenger; fare
paste

The patent , licence

smell; scent; smack

/., /
.
.
.
.
.
. //
.
.
. //
. / /
. / /
.
.
/ /
/ /
, .
. / ., TV/
.
,

box, case, cabinet, carton

pate, paste or spread made from meat or fish;
paste
The teacher , pedagogue, educator
pedal
landscape, view, scenery
Primary, elementary; prime, choice; virgin;
native
firstly, first, in the first place; first of all
First
paramount
notice, memory
translation, rendition, version
translate, render
translator
negotiations, talks
before, outside, ahead of, in front of
before, prior to, ago
flash
giving, delivering, handing over, etc.
move; shift
recondition, renovate; rearrange; rewrite,
alter; remake

Front, fore

. /. ./

crossing-place; level crossing

, .
.
. /./

To proceed(pass)
crossroad(s), crossing, junction
fracture

, .
.
, .
.
,
.
.
. / /
.

disguise
rewrite; copy; type
correspondence
binding; cover
process, rehandle, remake
Break
demise; devolution; transfer
emigrate; resettle, immigrate

send on

alley, lane

overwork

.
., .,

pass, cross, sweep, traverse, get over

pepper, type of vegetable

list; enumeration; schedule

period, age, era; season; lesson; length of

time

peach

panel; staff, personnel

perspective, outlook; prospect; aspect;

distance

glove

Song

Sand

.
.
.
.
. / /
.,
, ,
, .
.
.
, .
.
., .
.
.
.

dappled, spotted, mottled; checkered;

variegated
sandy, gritty, sabulous
Parsley
Seal, stamp
fried/grilled liver
cookie; pastry; biscuit
On foot
pub, bar; alehouse, saloon
beer, type of alcoholic drink; ale, strong beer
pigmentation
picnic
pie; tart, fruit pastry
cake, sweet baked food
pie, patty
To write
letter; message; writing; scroll

 . ,

food, nourishment, nutrition, sustenance, diet

nourishment, sustenance; food; nutrition; feed

.
.
.

To eat
To drink
Meal, Food

digestion

The plan

payment

.
.
.
.
.
. //
. //
. //
.

To pay
pay
tribe, clan, people; group; race, heritage
nephew, son of one's brother or sister
niece, daughter of one's brother or sister
film, roll-film
stove, cooker; slab; flag stone , Kitchen
slab, plate
fruit

fruit

planar

Bad, Poorly

.
. /., /

Bad, ill
Square, circus

plus

Beach

On, Along, over

Seaside, coast, shore, seaside, littoral
Nearby

To visit

The cook

, , .

.
.
, -
. ,
.
., . / ., /
.
, ! , !
, .

turn; set
strike to the left
noose, string up; droop, To hang up
story, tale; novel; narrative
seemingly
Motive, Occasion
Wriggle, bend, twist, turn
bend. twist, wind, wail, yowl
repeat, rehearse, go over
please
To increase

 .
.
.
, .
/., /
/ , .
/

Saying
Weather
frontier guard
boundary, borderline; conterminous,
bordering on; frontier
Under
against, athwart, contra

towards evening, at nightfall, at dusk

Compliment, To present

.
, .
, .
., .


.

prepare, make ready

sweep, clean or clear away with a broom
lift, pick up; uplift, raise; elevate; erect
Tray
Similar
no such thing, nothing of the sort, nothing of
the kind
To warm up

To wait

To sign , subscribe

The signature

Liberally, In detail

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Detail
In-depth
copy, emulate; imitate, mimic; portray
The girlfriend
confirm, verify; approve, endorse; justify,
warrant; support, sustain
confirm, verify; approve, endorse; justify,
warrant; support, sustain
Corroboration, Acknowledgement
bethink, think over; consider, see about
pillow, soft cushion, pad
Approaching, pertinent
accent, emphasize, stress, underline,
underscore, dash
pillow; box; chock; bearing

. / /

Orifice, entrance

Train

.
, .
( )
.

Journey, Trip
To go
Asking
wishing

:
?; ? ?
.
,
.
.
.
, .
.

How are you

Elderly
The day before yesterday
To allow, enable
To call
telephone, phone; call on the phone, ring s.o.
up, give s.o. a call/a ring
backbone, spine; vertebra, segments of bone
which form the spinal column
Tardy, Late

Late

pose

.
.
.
, , .
.

positive
Position
get acquainted with; meet, make
acquaintance
Search
To go

for the present, for the time being

/, .
/

while, as long as, before, until

.
, .

Parameter
Reveal, To show

The buyer

To purchase

. / /

Under

. /./

Floor, sex

.

.
.
., .
.
,
., . //
.
.
.

, .

Midday, noon
It is useful
Useful, wholesome
Polyclinic
Shelf
authority, power; proxy; competency;
commission
Completely, fully
Completeness, thickness
Complete, rotund
Half, moiety
Towel
one and a half
recipient

 .
.
.
// .
.
., .
. ,

To receive
To receive, receive
avail, advantage, behoof, benefit
To use
To place
Hitch, impediment
prevent, hinder, stop, deter, stymie, thwart

. , //

tomato

To remember

.
-
.
.
, -

To help
in my opinion, to my mind, to my thinking, in
my eyes
help, assist, hand
help, aid, assistance; relief; facilitation,
promotion
gradually, little by little

Relegate, lower

To understand

I dont understand you

diarrhoea, abnormally frequent and fluid

bowel movements

idea, concept; image; intention

, .
.
,
. ,



.
.
.
-
,
.
.
.

understandable, comprehensible, clear,

transparent, easy to understand
understand, grasp the meaning of (e.g.
words); comprehend, grasp, seize, perceive
Serially
countenance, embolden, encourage, hearten,
pander, promote, urge forward
across
Half-and-half
touch up, correct, retrieve
Popular, well-known
Attempt
It is time
differently
Fifty-fifty
Threshold
Port
Portrait

Portofolio

To charge

Errand, The assignment(order)

ration

Impulse, gust

The order

To put up

Settlement

,
.
.
,
.

In the middle
The visitor
To visit
Insofar, As
The message, epistle

, .

To send

, ,

After, thereafter

.
.

, ,
, .

Last, latter
consequence
day after tomorrow
Deliver, To put
Bed

gradual

Constant

To act

.
, .
. Ceiling
,


, .
//, // .
.

.
. /./
.

.
.
,
.
, .

Utensils
To lose
Ceiling
Then
Therefore
because
need
Similar
To grow thin
Wherefore, Why
To repair
kidney
Mail
Almost
Postal, Mail
tax, levy, fee, toll
Therefore
illustrate
The truth
Rule



.
, .
.
/ /
, / /
.
, .
.
.
.
, .
.
.

traffic regulations
Correct
Legal
lawful
right, right-hand
Is fair, The rights
To exceed
obstruction
Preliminary
Foresee, To expect
To offer
Suggestion, The offer
Propose, To offer
Subject

To give

/
. /

suppose, presume

.
.

premise
preference

The enterprise

representative

Representation

.
.

, -
.
.
.
, .
, .
.
.
, .

Forestall, To warn
warn, notify in advance
Before
Former
disdain
Advantage
Perfect, fine
Cease, To stop
stop, quit; finish, end
The teacher, instructor
teach; profess
To interrupt

sweet

sweet water, fresh water

, .
.
/ /
, / /

Press
To exaggerate
Margin, Edge, verge
Before

,


, .

.
, .
.

, .

At
on occasion, as occasion offers
herewith
To add
To arrive
Coming, arrival
Hi
attract, magnetize; allure, charm; invite;
engage; appeal; fetch; pull
Attract, To involve
To get used

To invite

The invitation

.
.

suburb
Reception

appreciation, gratitude; acknowledgement;

credit

To reach

,


.
.

come to terms, strike a bargain, come to an

agreement
The order
To order

glue, adhere

To attach

.
.

Counter
apply, implement; deploy; employ; use

Example

fit on; try on

. / /
, .
.
.
.
, .
, .

Test
The note, notice
To belong, belong
To accept
Principle
principled
To get, acquire

Priority

Seasoning

.
.
., .
.

Nature
dock, pier
sofa, hol
The trailer

.
.

, .
.
.
. //
.
.
, .
. /., /
. / /

And
The reason
Pleasant, dulcet
Pro, About
Cork, Fuse, jam
Problem, issue
To try
carry, take, transport, drive
To check up, verify
Province

guide, pathfinder, leader

The conductor

. ,

swallow, engulf

Programme, The program

program

Walk

To sell

Salesman, The seller

To sell

To prolong

To continue

//,

To proceed

/
. /

passing, passage

. //

travelling

,
.

fare
in transit
To pass

The project, blueprint

Loss, losing

Production, Manufacture

, .

To make

manufactured goods

. ,
.
.
.

. ,

occupation, means of living

Industry
Propagation
Enlightenment
To ask , beg
inspect, examine, survey, check, look
through/over, go through/over


.
, .
.
, .
.
.
,

ask permission
The prospectus
To be forgiven
Mere, Idle time
Cold
Bedsheet
The request
Against

contrary

gainsay

.
.
, .

Professional
Profession, Trade
preventive, prophylactic

cool, chill; breezy; tepid

Procedure

Percent

Process

,
, , .

.
.
.
,

.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
,

To read
Strong
Away
The past
Past, Last
To show
Straightforward, Directly
By straight line, direct
The psychologist
Psychology
Bird
Public
To publish
To frighten
button; stud
Pulse
item; clause; paragraph; point, spot; station
Empty
Let

The guidebook

Traveling

To travel

. / /

road, way



, . ,
.
., .
.
., .
.
.
.

Along Ways , on ways

return, homing
Mode, Way
Beekeeping
Wheat
Vacuum cleaner
Powder, Ashes, dust
To try, attempt
Drunkenness, alcoholism
mashed potatoes

Work

To work , operate

., .

Plain

Equal

radical

.
.
.
. / /
, . / ./
.

.
., .
, .
, .
., .
.
.
,
.
.
, .
.
.
, .
.

radio, wireless
radius; ray
Time, road, way
Demount, disassemble
view, examine, canvass, look at
To wake
Unless, really, indeed, is it possible
To develop
Development, evolution
Entertainment
To talk
Conversation, speaking
Phrase book
demarcate, delimit; differentiate, discriminate
change one's mind
Sharp, harsh
To distinguish , differentiate
various
The size
Reflection, meditation
Speculate, To reflect, cogitate
Disagreement, discord

A diversification, variety

Scalene

various

 .
.
., . ,
, . /- /
, . //
.
, .
.

To develop
To cut
The sanction, permission
allow, permit, let
To permit(solve) , question, Problem
reasonable
District, Area
Cancer

Early

Early

before, prior to, ago, Ahead, Earlier

Timetable, The time-table

To undersign

.
.
. ,
.
.
,
., .
.
, .
.
., .
., .
.,

note, chit; voucher; script; release;

acquittance; acknowledgement
To pay
arrangement; emplacement; lay
Dawn
The story , narrative
To tell , recite
payment by installments
Distance
To calculate, reckon
Plant
Expenditure, The charge
Calculation
Enlargement, extension

dilate

The reactor

.
.
. /./

Real
The child
Feather, Edge

Rheumatism

Registration

.
, .
.
.

.
.

regulate, control, govern; adjust, modify

Regular
To edit
Rare
Seldom, rarely
rubber, caoutchouc, gum
rubber

Result, effect

Voyage, Trip, flight

The river

.
., .
., .
.
.
.
., .
.
.

advertisement
Recommend, commend
Belt, strap
Repair, mend
efficiency
X-ray, photograph of internal body parts
using X-rays
x-ray, roentgen ray
turnip
The reporting
reproduction, replication; replica

Restaurant

Resources(safe lifes)

.
.
., .
.
, .
.

The prescription, recipe

River
Speech
To decide(solve)
decisive
The decision

Rice

Hazard, risk

. ,
.
.
, .
.
.

adventure; gamble
Drawing, Figure
rhythm
Equable, Equal
family, clan; kin; race; bloodline; generation
The parents

Spring

Native

//
.
, .

mother tongue
relative, relation, kinsman
Birth
birthday, date of birth

rye

Rose

Pink

Role

camomile, daisy wheel

Russia

Growth, growing

Shirt

. / /

cicatrice, scar, seam, mark

Ruble, Rouble

Hand, arm

.
, . //

The chief
Management, governance, allowance

The manuscript

Rudder, helm

.
., .
. / /
.

Russian
The strand, brook
pen
Fish

The fisherman

fish; fishy, piscine

The market

.
., .
, ,
//

/
/
.
.

.
. / ./
.
, , .
.
/, , / /, , /

.
.
- / /
,

Backpack
row
row, horizontal line, next; against
With, Together
permit, license; written permission, The
sanctions
with, from; of, coming from
savannah, plain covered with coarse grasses
and characterized by seasonal rainfall
Orchard, Garden
kindergarten
To sit
carry up, take up, bring up
Salad
lard
Interior, saloon
Itself, self
of course
The plane, aircraft
The self-teacher
Most, superlative
quotha
all intents and purposes


.
.

at the first set out

Sanatorium
The hospital attendant, medical orderly, male
nurse

sanitation

sanction

.
.

centimeter
Boot, riding boot

sardine

Sugar

Sugar

castor sugar, powdered sugar

granulated sugar

, . ,
. ,

economical, thrifty, saving

Save, To keep, retain
Save, scratch together, accumulate, amass

bring together , bring/ draw closer

Sideways

.
., .,
.
, . ,
.

. /., /
, . ,

The collection
Market, sale, Sales
Weld, cook
Information
take note; consider
fresh, new, young
Fresh, crisp

Beet

father in law, father of the bride

.
., . //
, ,
.
.
.
/ / .

mother in law, mother of one's husband or

wife
World, Gleam, Light
flash, gleam, glint, light, bless, sanctify,
consecrate
Light, shining, clear
Traffic light
lead, plumbum, tin
Pork, meat derived from pigs; pig, swine

Sweater

Freedom

Free, loose, void

timely, opportune, well-timed, convenient

 /, , /, /, , /

my, belonging to me

, -

in one's own fashion, in one's own way

.
, . /., /
. ,

... ...
, .
, . / ./
. / /
. / /
, .
., .
.,
.

Property, feature, characteristic

Tie, band, bond, colligate, connect
cord, lace, tie
telephone communication
Communications
To hand over, transfer, deliver, yield control
of
give, deliver, get by
lease; surrender; delivery
change, odd money
make; pull
transaction
cost price, net cost

//

Itself

North

Northern, Boreal

. -

northeast

. -

northwest

.



.
.
, / /
, , ,
., .
.
.
.
.
, .
.

.
.

section, segment; somite

today, current day, present-day
This morning
This evening
Today's
Season
actually, currently, nowadays, at present
now, wait a second, Soon
Secret
The secretary
Second
milt, sperm of a male fish; spleen
Village
herring
Village, rural
agriculture
agricultural
Family

. ,

Family, Set

Semester

 .
.
.
.

Sulphur, Sulfur
Server
Cardiac, hearty
heart's

Middle

Production

.,

.
.
.
.
. /., /

The certificate
Grey
Serious
The sister
sit , seat oneself, take a seat/chair;

. /., /

carry up, take up, bring up

. ,

land, arrive on the ground

. ,

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
.

.

net, netting, meshwork, filet

Behind
cigar
Cigarette
The nurse
place; space; bottom; seat
To sit
Strong, violent
Dark blue , Dark blue
System
Situation
Glowing, shine
To tell
Fairy tale
Rock, crag
Cloth
square
Through
The discount

Warehouse, store, repository

pan; dripping pan

? ?
? ?
? ?

How many
How many time
What is the time
How old are you
Soon

Speed

Speed

.
.
.
.
.
.

staple; clip; clinch

Sculpture
mackerel, greenish-blue edible fish common
to the North Atlantic
To miss
Weakness
Weak, faint

Sweet

Slalom

,

, .
.
.
,
.
., .
; ,
,

.
.
,
.
., .

At the left
Hence
Following, posterior
Drain, plum
Cream, cream
Too
The dictionary, lexicon
Word
By word
Complexity, sophistication
complex, intricate; complicated, difficult;
sophisticated, seasoned
To break
The employee, servant
Occasion, Case
Incidentally, accidentally, Casually

Casual, fortuitous

To happen

To listen

.
.
.

To hear
mixture
estimate; outlay

Sour cream

Ridiculous

To laugh

.
, .

currant, seedless raisin made from a small

variety of grape
To look , stare

Swarty

Sense


.
, - , /, ,
/
, ,
.
, .

Outside
shell
At first, Forward
At first , Again, anew
Snow
Cut, declining, drop
price-cutting
From below

. /., /

take down

. //

rent, occupy, take on

, . //
, .

Photograph, photo
Snapshot

Again, anew

Hound, Dog

.
.
, ,

To collect
Temptation
To observe, abide

Owner, The proprietor

The property, property

.
.
.
.
.

Event
To make
major, adult
Council, Advice
To advise, counsel

counsel

Joint

Set, population

Concurrence, coincidence

Modern

,
.
.
, ,
.
., .,

.
.
. ,
.

Absolutely
The consent, assent, concord
To agree
According, Agrees
consensual, based on mutual agreement
agreement
Assistance, promotion
contents, inside
Deplore, To regret

 , ... , ...
.

Cohabitation

To create

. ,

consciousness, awareness

, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

To leave
Juice
Salty
Solar, shiny
The sun
Salt
To doubt
Scruple, Doubt
Sleeping, Dream

inform, communicate information to

The message, report

.
., ., ,
.
.
.
.
,

.
., .
, .
.
.
.
. //
.
, .
.
.

To inform, tell
building, edifice, structure, Building
equipment, frame, outfit
To correspond(meet) , conform
respective
Parity(ratio)
accompany
Kind(variety)
The neighbour
Neighboring, Next
sosis
Pine
composition
Constitute, To make
To count
creation
hundred

collaborator

cooperate

hundredth, next after the ninety-ninth

Sauce

,
, .
.

Retain, To keep
To combine
fruity, juicy; sappy; pulpy; succulent,
luscious; rich

 .
.
,
.
.
, .

.
.
.
.
.
, .
.

Soy, soya
Bedroom, dormitory
Thank
To sleep
Spectrum
Mellow, Ripe
In front
Specialist, The expert
Speciality
Special, technical
particular
To hasten, hasten
hurried, rushed; immediate
Back, back, rear, spin

The list, schedule

Match

.
, .
.
.
.

spontane, kendiliinden olan

To argue , argue
Controversial, argumentative
Sports
Sporting, athletic

., .

Mode, Way

On the right

.
. / /
.
, .
. / /
, .
, .
... ...

. //
,
.
.
.

Fair
help
The directory
To ask
search, quest, call
Inquire, To ask
Comparison
comparison, similitude, simile
At once
Medium
Among
Average, mean
Means, facility, remedy
Term

. /. / validity, availability
, , .
.

Expedited, urgent
stable, stabile

, .
.
.
.

To put
collide, clash; face, meet with
Steel
Standard, pat

Station

To try

-, - . / /
. / /
.

Elder, grown-up
major, premier, senior, superior
Old

Clause, article

Glass

Wall

.
.
.
. ,
.
, .
, .
? ?
.

fresco, graffiti, mural painting, wall-painting

grade, degree, rank; stage, phase
To constrain
inducement, impulse, incitement, stimulus,
prompting, poke, urge
Washing
The cost
To cost
How much, cost
Table, desk

pillar

It is so much

as many

dentist, stomatologist

! ; !; ! !
.
. ,
., .
.
.
.
.,
.

stop!; avast (Nautical)

The watchman , guard
The country
stay, act of halting; stand; parking; camp
To stand
Page, sheet, piece of paper
Strange
Insurance

To aspire

Aspiration

Stress

To build

slender

Line

 .
.
.
, .
. ,

Frame, structure
The student
Chair
To knock
Shame

. //

boat, ship, vessel

. ,

destiny, doom, fate, fortune, luck, stars

Bag

The sum

Soup

The spouse

The spouse

articulation, joint

Day

Dry

.
.
.
.
. //
, .

.
.
., .
. ,
/
. ,
/
, .

dried, desiccated
To dry
To exist, exist
scheme
Account, calculation, estmate, bill, reckoning
To consider(count) , deem
To visit
partake; know inside out
The son
Cheese
humid, moist, damp; wet; poachy, soft;
weeping
Is severe
full, satiated
Here, hither

that, pronoun used to indicate a specific

person or thing

The table

.
. / /
,
-,

stool, backless stool

basin, wash-bawl
so, well
so so, fair to middling, tol lol
like
and so on, etcetera, and so fort
Somehow

somehow, someway; after a manner

Also, too

Such,

thereby

in that case, then

There, over there

customs official

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
/, , /, /, , /

Customs
duty, customs, tariff.
customs house
slippers; sneakers
cockroach, roach, type of insect; beetle
Plate
tariff, rate
Solid, Firm
Yours

Cottage cheese, curd

Theatre

The text

Streaming

Television, TV

The TV set

The telephone, phone

Telephone

handset, receiver

Telephone station

.
// .

-
;
.
.

Body, figure
veal, meat of a calf
By that
all the better, so much the better
nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding,
all the same
Theme
Subjects

Dark

Shadow

.
.
.

Now
Heat
motor ship
heating plant
therapist

Therapy

The term

Patient

Patience

, , .
.
.

To lose
a pierde la puncte
The test

The paste , dough

father in law, father of the bride

.
.

note book, exercise book

Engineering, technique

Technical

Technology

mother-in-law

Phylum, type

.
, .
. /., /
.
.

.
,
.

,

. / /
, .
. / /
.
.
/ /
//, ,
-
.
.
.
, .

Representative, typical
standard, typical; exemplary
edition; printing; circulation
Hyphen
Silent, quiet
Silently
cloth, fabric, material
that
commodity, goods, merchandise; shipment
Then
i...e..., h.e., viz., that's
Too, also, too; so; item
current, flow
poisonous, venomous, toxic, nocuous,
virulent.
bump, jostle, push, shove
thick
Thickness
only, solely
Only, Hardly
just, just now, this moment, new, newly,
freshly, scarce, scarcely
Tomato
thin, flimsy, skinny; small; sheer
Ton
Fuel

To trade

brake

.
., .
/, , /

.
,
, .
, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
, .
, .
.
.
.
.

brake, apply brakes; hamper; inhibit; arrest,

slow down
toast
that
Same, selfsame, identical
either
Immediately
pinpoint
Precisely
exact, precise; careful
sickness, nausea, queasiness
grass; herb
Tragedy
Traditional, Conventional
tradition
Tram
Transport
spend
demand, requirement
demand, requirement; claim, pretence
To require(demand)
need, want
train, exercise
Cod, Crash
Triangle
three-storied, having three levels or floors

thrice, three times

... //

Thrice, three times , multiplication,

.
, .
,
.
, .
.
. /.,

knitwear, tricot; hosiery

To touch
Three
Trolley bus
path, lane; track; trail, footpath
pavement, sidewalk; footpath
pipe, tube, conduit

/
, .
.
., .

Arduous, Difficult
The cowards
Rag, Cloth

 ., . //
., ., - /
WC/ /. /
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.



.
.
.
., .
.
.

Toilet, closet, Clothes, garb

Toilet, closet
Tuberculosis
There, thither
The tunnel
Impasse, stymie
Blunt, dull
touring, tourism
The tourist
here; near at hand; there
ready at hand, ready to hand, ready to hands,
right
You
pumpkin
Tube
tulip
prison, jail
Onerous, burdensome, onerous; painful;
depressing
Intractable, Heavy

, ,

On , near, by, At

, / -/

at, near, by, close to

/, .
/
.
, .
. //
, . / /
., . //
.
, . /,
/
, .
.
.
.
.
, .

On
convincing
To convince
Belief, Sight, looking
To clean(remove) , To clean
Cleaning, purging
char, scrubwoman; housemaid
To clean(remove) , transpose, displace
To liquidate
loss; damage; lesion; sacrifice; waste
detrimental
Dear
Homage, Respect
carry away, take away; kidnap
increase, augment, stretch, enlarge, magnify,
add
Confidently

, .
, .
, .
.
.
, .
.
.
, .
.

confidence; certainty; assurance; security;

conviction
Confident, Sure
assure; convince; promise, reassure
To see
Enthusiasm
To guess , guess
carbohydrate
Angular, angle
To persuade
Corner, angle

, .

To treat

, , .

To treat

.
.

To threaten
Threat, menace

To manage

remoteness

.
.

Accent
To strike

., .

Good luck

, .

felicitous

.
.
, .
, .
.
, .
,
.
.
, .

To give
To surprise, astonish
Surprise, wonder
surprised
Convenient
To satisfy, suffice
satisfy, gratify; fulfil, pleasure, content;
answer
Pleasure
To leave
already
Supper

To have supper

Narrow

. / -/
. /-/
, .

learn, cognize, understand, find out

learn, cognize
To leave

The indicating

The index(indicator)

non committal, evasive, elusive

 . /./

Injection, prick

reinforce

dereotu

Vinegar

To bite

. , / / sting
, .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

To settle
Street
street
improve, better; perfect, refine; develop
To smile
Smile
Mind, brain
skill
relevant

To be able

Clever

.
, .

washstand, washbasin
wash oneself

universal; multipurpose, all purpose

University

Packaging

, .
.
, .
.
.
.
.

payment, pay; discharge

To pay
pay, settle
authorize, empower; accredit
To mention
referee, mention, refer
unyielding

To use

The use

.
, . ,
. ,
. ,
.
. ,
.
/.,
., . /
.

To use
Management, controlling, running
Manipulate, tutor, govern
Drive, steer, take
The manager
Hurricane
urn
level, standard
Lesson

urologist, expert of urology

amplifier, booster

Endeavor, Effort

precipitate

agree, make arrangements, arrange, settle

Condition

conditional

.

. ,
.
.
.
.

.
.
, .
/ ,
. /
.
, .
.
.
. //
/ ./
.
. / /
, . / /
.
, .
.
.
.
.
/ ,
. /
, //,
.
.

Service
render a service, serve, render, accommodate
Hear, to hear
discretion
To fall asleep
accomplish
Success
wish good speed, more power to your elbow
Successful
Weariness, fatigue
Tired
install, fit , fix up;
Oral, verbal
To arrange
oyster
To concede
furniture, fitments, household belongings
approve, confirm, establish, homologate,
tedious
To sink ,drown, strangle
sink, founder, plunge
drowned man
Morning
Morning, morn
Morning, morrow
Iron
Ear
tend, attend, fend, look after, provide for;
To leave
participation
Sharing(participation)

 .
.
. ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
/.,
. /
., ., .
.
.
.

deterioration, aggravation, impairment;

decline, degradation
Sitelot
study, studies, learning
The textbook
The schoolboy, apprentice
The schoolgirl
Schoolmaster, The teacher
The teacher
To learn(teach)
founder, constitutor
Establishment
damage, loss, detriment; harm
Cosiness
Cosy
Factory

phase, stage, gradation

fact, actuality, reality

.
.
.
.
., .
, .
.
.
.
., .
.

Actual, factual
factor, cause
Faculty
phony
Surname
veneer
headlight, headlamp
Pharmaceutical
porcelain
mincemeat, forcemeat, ground meat
Stuffed, filled

String bean

Fauna

Faience

.
.

Phenomenon
The farmer

Festival

Figure

.
.
.
.

Physiognomy
physiotherapy, physical therapy
Branch, affiliate
Philosophy

 .
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
.

film
The packed bed, filter
filter
Financing
The finance
Date
Violet
firm, business; company
pistachio, type of nut
flannel, soft wool or cotton fabric

Folklore

Lantern

form, shape; figure, configuration

format, size

formulation

, .
., .
.
., .
.
.


.
.
.
., .
., .,

.
.

To photograph
film, thin flexible material coated with light
sensitive emulsion (Photography)
Phrase
wall painting, fresco, mural
Fruit
fruit, greengrocery
Fruit
juice, crush
foundation, basement; bottom
function; keep
function
Case
laches
paste

character, nature, disposition

Characteristic, Performance

.

.
.
. / /
., . //
., .

Characteristic
Characteristic
To praise, praise
coniferous
bread
Corn bread
bakery, company which bakes food for

selling
.

Slam, Clap(cotton)

Efforts

, .

Gloomy

. , ,

Move, Course

To go

., . ,

The owner, master

The owner, host

Mistress, hostess

, .
., .
.
.
.

Facilities
Hill
Cold, chill
Refrigerator, fridge
Bleak, Cold

, .

Good

! !

Everyone good

,
, .
; ; ,
.
.
.
, . //
, .
.
, .
.
-, -
-
-, -

/ / .
.
.
.
., .

Well, okay
To want, want
Though, albeit, although
Temple
To store(keep)
snore
back; ridge; edge, Mountains
chronic
Crystal
To grow thin
The artist, artist
worse
at worst at worst
Worse
persimmon, type of fruit
To blossom, blow
Colour
colored
flower

, .

Curative

expedience, practicality

Bodily

Unharmed, Whole

The purpose


.
.
.
.
.
.
.
., .
, .
.
.
.
.
, .
, .
.
.
.
.
.
. //
, . / /

.

. //
.
-, -

By the purpose
cement
The price
Value
valuable
The centre
Centralized, centralize
Central
Circuit, chain
Church
Cycle
cistern, tank; oil car; tanker
quotation, citation; excerption
figure, number; character
Digital
Chicken
tea
Kettle, Teapot
Hour
Particle, bit
Partial
private
personal, individual; private
Frequently
Part, portion
Best part
timekeeper, timepiece
cup
To thicket

/, , /, /, , / /./

Whose

/, , / /, , / /./

whose, of whom

. //
.
.
,
.

cheque
man, person, The man
Humankind, Mankind, humanity
Than
Suitcase

, .

Nonsense

., .

Loft

.
/ /

alternation, interchanging, rotation

across, through, via, by way of

 / /
,
.
.
.


, , . /., /

Trace, wake
Too
cherry
rough copy, draft copy
Black
brown tommy
spadework, unskilled labor
stale; hard, callous

Features

Dash, Features

.
.
, .

broadly speaking
The constructed drawing
draft; draw; plot; trace
Garlic

Honesty

Honour

.
.
.
.
.
.

honor bright
Quarter
distinct, clear; pure; sharp
Even, even number
quadrangle, quadrilateral, tetragon
Boot, cover; case; slip
lentil

The official, officer

Number

number; be on the list

., . /./

Figure, Number

., . / /

date; when , Number, figure

.
.

Cleanse, To clean
Cleanliness, purity

Pure(clean) , pure

To read

, .
.
, /./
, /./

; ;

excessive
Reading
what
what, whatever;

//

that

That, lest

... , ...
-

that
object, thing, something

 .
, .
.
.
.,

.
, , ,
, ,
; //
- -
, .
.
, .

.
, , .
.
.

Susceptibility, perceive, To feel

Wonderful
Another's
Closet, cupboard
advertence, attention; delicateness
Hardly
Hardly, It is a little
Hardly, alliance
just a little
Nonsense, nonsense, Bosh
Template, gauge
Step, tread
at every step
step, pace, take regular steps; stride, tread
frolic, prank, mischievous behavior
Champignon
shampoo

Chance

hat, cap

. ,

, .
, . / /
- .
, .
.
., / /

.
.
.
.
.

sphere, globe, ball, orb

earth, globe
scarf
shake, rock, rock
Shish kebab
porter, doorman; usher; janitor
neck, cervical, jugular, pertaining to the neck
husk
asperity
Wool
Woolen
boss; chief; patron

., .

Neck

schizophrenia

, .
.
, .
, .
, .
, .

chic
Smart
Tire, bus
Tongue, spike
eglantine, type of wild rose
width

 .
. / ./
.

wide, broad; large; spacious; extended

width
sew, join or fasten with stitches

scale

wardrobe

/
. /

School

. / /

School

The schoolboy

schoolgirl, schoolmiss

School

barrier, gate

Hose

. ,

cord, lace, tie

shock, startle, stun

Chocolate

.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
., .
.
.
.
., .
.

highway
The driver, chauffeur
font, typeface; letter; print
Stamp, die
staff; salaried
switch plug; peg
corkscrew
curtain; blind, shade
penalty, forfeit, fine; surcharge
penalize; fine; surcharge
stroke, line, dash
piece
Fur coat

Noise

make noise, noise, whir; riot, row, brawl

.
,

Noisy
To joke

Joke

joke

, .
.
.
.
.
.

Playful, jocular
sorrel, dock
have mercy on, spare
bounty
Lavish, lavish
The pup , puppy

 .

.
.

Sliver, Chip
Brush
shchi, cabbage soup
thyroid, thyroid gland

pike (fish)

Evacuation

evolution, development

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
.
.
.
, .
, .
.
, .
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Equivalent
equivalent, reciprocal
Examination
examine
Specimen, exemplar
exotics
exotic, foreign; unusual
Equipment
Economy, economics
economic; economical, saving
The screen
excursionist
excursion, tour, trip; hike
guide
Experiment
Export
To export
The express train, express
urgent; emergency; special; extra
Elegant
Electrical, electric
Electricity
Electronic
hot-plate
Element
Elementary, rudimentary
emblem, symbol, representation, insignia
emotion
Energetic, Vigorous
epoch
standard, model, criterion; reference
Skirt, petticoat
The south

 . -

southeast

. -

southwest

.
.
, .

Southern, Austral
humor, drollery
The young man

Legal, juridical

jurisdiction

.

. ,
.
. ,
.
. ,
, .

, /.
.../

.
.
.
.
., . ,
.
, .
.

.
.
.
, .
.
. //
.
.
, , .
.
.

The lawyer , jurist

i
apple
apple
appear, emerge, peep
The phenomenon, appearance
Show, display
be there/present
berry
poison, toxin, venom
Pestilent, Poisonous
Ulcer
Language, Speech
Fried eggs
egg
Egg
Ostensibly
pit, hole; hollow
Flamboyant, Bright
brightness
Label
fair
Day nursery
Clearness, clarity
Clear, lucid
Cell, cellule; alveolus; nucleus
Drawer, Box
drawer
Mail box

Basics

First need phrases
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
?
?
o?
?
.
.
.

.
.
. ( )
.
.
.
.
, .
.
.
, .
.
.
?
?
?
?
.
.
-.
, , .
.
? -?
? -?
- ? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
! ()!
! ()!
! !
- ? ?
? -?
! !

Thank you.
Thank you very much.
You're welcome.
It's my pleasure.
Yes.
No.
Please.
Here you are.
I see.
I don't understand.
I'm sorry, I didn't catch you.
All right.
That's all right.
How far is it to the town?
How many?
How long?
Whom should I ask?
After you.
I'm lost.
I don't speak Spanish.
Please speak English.
Do you speak English?
How do you say it in Spanish?
Where is the nearest hotel?
Where is the bathroom?
Who?
Why?
What?
When?
Look!
Wait!
Help!
Does someone there speak English?
Who speaks English?
Fire!






















(, )
(, )
(, )
(, )





. .
. .
! .
! !
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
. .

.
.
? ?
. .
.

Useful words
Entrance
Exit
No admittance
Emergency exit
No smoking
Pull
Push
Toilets
Ladies
Gentlemen
I
you (informal sing.)
you (formal sing.)
you (informal pl.)
you (formal pl.)
we
he
she
it
they
my/mine
your/yours (formal)
your/yours (informal)
our/ours
his
her/hers
its
their/theirs
Saying hello
Good afternoon.
Good morning.
Hello!
Hi!
How are you doing?
How are you getting along?
How is it going?
What's up?
It's nice to meet you.
I'm glad to see you again.
What's new?
Long time no see.
I am pleased to do so.


. .
. .
. .
. .
,


.
.
,


.
.

. .
. .


.
.
? ?
? ?

?
?

?
?

.
.

?
?
. .
-
?
?

? ?

- ?
?

Saying goodbye
Goodbye.
Good night.
See you later.
Take care of yourself.
Please give my kind regards to your
father.
Please give my kind regards to your
mother.
I'm looking forward to seeing you again.
This is my business card.
Invitation
I would like to meet you in the lobby.
Will you be free tomorrow?
Do you want to come with me?
What are your plans for today?
Would you like to go for a walk?
Let me be your guide.
Won't you go shopping with me?
Let's go swimming.
Would you care for something to eat?
May I offer you a drink?
How about a drink?

. .

I'll treat you to a drink.

. ?

Let's take a coffee break.

. .
. .
. .
. .
! !

... ...
? ?

Make yourself at home.

That sounds good.
I'd love to.
I don't mind.
No way!
Introductions
My name is ...
What's your name?

 ? ?
What's your name?
? ?
Who are you with?
. .
I am on my own.
. .
I am with my wife.
. .
I am with my father.
. .
I am with my mother.
. .
I am with my family.

May I introduce you to my wife?
? .

May I introduce you to my son?
? .

May I introduce you to my daughter?
? .
? ?
Where are you from?
? ?
What city?
. .
I am from the USA.
? ?
Are you married?
. .
I am married.
? ?
Do you have children?

?
What do you do for a living?
?
. .
I am a student.
. .
I am on vacation.
. 1 .
I'll stay here for 1 day.
. .
I am leaving tomorrow.
. .
I am leaving on Monday.
? - ? Have you ever been to the USA?


. .

Praise
Your new haircut is great.

. . You have wonderful taste in clothes.

. .
! !
! !
! !
. .

. .
, ,
. .

.
.

That's funny.
Well done!
That's great!
You look nice!
What a nice place.
Gratitude
Thank you for your compliment.
I enjoyed myself today, thank you.
That's very kind of you.

 . .
. .
. .
. .

. .
. , .
, . , .
. .
. .
. .

.
.
, . .
, ,
. .
? ?

.
?

. .

? ?
, ? ?
? ?

?
?

? ?
? ? , ?
, . , .
,
, -.
.

You're very generous.

I'm really grateful to you.
I'm very much obliged to you.
Much obliged.
Apologies
Sorry.
Excuse me a moment.
Just a moment please.
That's my fault.
It was careless of me.
I didn't mean that.
Next time I'll get it right.
Forgive me for being late.
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.
Am I disturbing you?
May I bother you for a moment?
Requests
I beg your pardon.
Will you do me a favor?
Could you please help me?
Can you give me a hand?
Would you assist me?
Will you help me with this problem?
Pardon? What did you say?
Say that once more please.
Please speak more slowly.

? ? Could you repeat that?

, .

,
.
?
?
?
, .
!

?
?
?
, .
!

?
?

Please write it here.

What's this?
What does this mean?
Do you understand?
Please hurry up.
Come with me!
Can you lend me a dime?

 ? ?
May I take a look at it?

? Can I borrow your pen?
?
,
Will you please mail this letter for me?
? ?

?
May I have your address?
?

? Can you drop me off downtown?
?

. .
. .
. .
, . , .
. .
e ! !
! !
, . , .
. .
. .
. .
,
, .
.
. .
. .
,
, . .
! !
! !
! !
! !
! !
! , , !
, ! , , !
! !
! !
, ! !
! !
! !

Feelings
You are right.
I'm not sure.
I don't think so.
I'm afraid not.
That's incredible.
How beautiful!
That's wonderful!
I'm afraid you're mistaken.
I feel blue.
It's disgusting.
You make me sick.
Calm down, everything will be OK.
Don't be nervous.
Take your time.
Don't pay attention to what he said.
Cool it!
Chill out!
Cheer up!
What a pity!
What a surprise!
You must be kidding!
Oh dear, what a mess!
What a fool!
That's enough!
Oh my God!
My goodness!
Of course!
Blessing

! !
Congratulations!
! !
Merry Christmas!
-
Best wishes for a Happy New Year!
! !

 ! !
! !

! .
. .
- . .

. .
! !
! !
! !
! !

Happy Easter!
Happy anniversary!
I wish you many years of happiness.
Heartiest congratulations.
Best wishes.
I hope you'll get better soon.
Have a nice trip!
Have a good time!
Good luck!
Let's meet again!

! ! () God bless you! (after sneezing)

! !
! !

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. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .

Bon appetite!
Cheers!
Time
What time is it?
What time do you have?
At what time?
At eleven o'clock.
in an hour
in twelve hours
in a couple of hours
by one o'clock
before one
per hour
From what time?
Till what time?
The shops are open till two o'clock.
The shops are closed after two p.m.
It is one o'clock.
It is a quarter to one.
It is a quarter past one.
It is five minutes to one.
It is five minutes past one.
It is half past two.
Let's meet at ten a.m.
It is early.
It's on time.
Is it late?
It is noon.

 ? ?
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. .
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. .

How long will it take?

What time is your flight?
I am leaving in the morning.
What day is today?
Today is Monday.
Useful words
minute
hour
night
day
week
today
yesterday
tomorrow
tomorrow morning
one o'clock
two o'clock
three o'clock
four o'clock
five o'clock
six o'clock
seven o'clock
eight o'clock
nine o'clock
ten o'clock
eleven o'clock
twelve o'clock
a.m.
p.m.
month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
year
spring






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.
.
.
.
.
.

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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
.
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summer
fall
winter
season
Weather
How is the weather today?
The weather today is good.
Today it's hot.
It's a nice day.
It's a nasty day.
It's hot.
It's roasting.
It's like an oven today.
It's getting foggy.
The sky is clearing up.
The sun is coming out.
The clouds are breaking.
It's raining.
It will be sunny tomorrow.
I wonder if there will be a storm.
Useful words
snow
rain
sun
fog
wind
disaster
tornado
flood/flooding
avalanche
forest fires
mudslide
ice storm
blizzard
thunderstorm
storm
hurricane
earthquake
severe weather
heat
heavy rain
drizzling


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You may hear

Hi, how are you?

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Nice to meet you.

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What language do you speak?

This way.
Have a nice day!
See you soon.
Thanks for your invitation.
Maybe next time.
Sorry, I can't come.
Sorry, I don't have any time.
Do you like staying here?
What is it?
Is that your name?

. , . I didn't catch your name.

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.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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. .
. .
. .

Pardon?
It's so kind of you.
Don't mention it.
Never mind.
It's nothing.
No problem.
Forget it.
Don't worry about it.
Go ahead!
Sure!
Why not?
The sooner the better.
So do I.
Neither do I.
Same to you.
Look out!
That's it.
Here we go!
I don't know.
Thank you for your help.
Happy to help.



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200
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500
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Traveling
Customs
May I have another customs form?
Please show me how to fill in this form.
Here's my passport.
We have a joint passport.
Would you please stamp my passport?
I'm a tourist.
I am on vacation.
I am alone.
This is my first visit.
I plan to stay 2 weeks.
This is my transit pass.
These are my suitcases.
I only have articles for personal use.
This is a gift for a friend.
This video camera is for my personal use.
It costs about 200 American dollars.
Here is my declaration.
I have nothing to declare.
I have 500 dollars in traveler's checks.
Useful words
Customs
Border crossing
Green Channel
Red Channel
Nothing to declare
Goods to declare
Duty-free shop

??? Tourist Information


Where is the tourist information office?
? ?
? ?
Where are the buses?

I am a transit passenger to New York.
. -.
Can I make a connection on the same
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day?
, , How long does it take to make a
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connection?

Can I reserve a hotel room here?
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Where can I catch the shuttle bus?

Could you tell me the way to the
limousine counter?
Take me here, please.
Booking
How can I get to this place from here?
When is the next flight to New York?
Is that a direct flight?
Is that an express train?
Does the flight make a layover in another
city?
Does the train make any stops on the
way?
What flights are there to New York?
Please check other airlines.
Are there any seats on the flight?
How frequent are the flights?
Do I have to change planes?
Where should I change planes?
I'd like to reserve a seat on this plane.
Please reserve the next flight to London.
How much is the ticket?


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How much for a ticket to London?

Are there any discounts?
Is there a reduced fare?
One business class ticket, please.
I would like two business class tickets.
A round-trip ticket, please.
How early must I be at the airport?
What time do I have to check in?
What time does the flight leave?
What time will we arrive?
How much baggage can I take?
I don't have any baggage.
I would like to cancel my ticket to
London.
I'd like to cancel my reservation.
Flight Registration
Where is the Finnair counter?
Where is terminal A?
Where is the Finnair terminal?
Where do I check in?
Send my baggage to the hotel, please.
How much is the excess baggage charge?
I'd like to send this baggage to London.
I have two carry-on pieces.
I'm in transit for Los Angeles.
When does boarding begin?
What gate does this flight leave from?
Where is gate 1?
Will this flight leave on time?
Are there any delays?

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I'd like a window seat, please.

I would like to reserve a seat in the
smoking section.
Can we do some shopping in the airport?
What currency is this in?
Can I pay in dollars?
Do I have to pay duty on the goods I
bought here?
Please give me a receipt.
Useful words
Arrivals
Departures
security check
passport control
gate
delayed
landed
canceled
flight
flight number
boarding pass
On the plane

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Where is this seat?

Could I change seats with you?
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.
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Do you have an English newspaper?

Would you please get me a blanket?
An air sickness bag, please.
Please give me a bottle of beer.

? ? Can I have another drink?

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I want to order some drinks.

I'd like some tea, please.
Is there an English-speaking stewardess
on board?
Can you translate it into English?

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How long will it be delayed?

When will the flight leave?

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What is the title of the movie?

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How long will we stop here?

I feel sick.
May I recline my seat?
Could you wake me for the meal, please?
Do you sell duty-free goods on board?

When do you show the movie?

How long is this movie?
I would like earphones for the movie.
Which channel do I set to see the movie?
My earphones don't work.
Useful words
Fasten seat belts.
life jacket
oxygen mask
lavatory
Train/Bus
Could I have a schedule?
Is this bus schedule current?
Is this the current bus schedule?
I missed the train. When does the next one
depart?
Is this the train to London?
Is this the bus to London?
Is this a direct train?
Does this bus go to that place?
Is this an express or a local train?
Is there a dining car?

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.
.
. .

Is the dining car at the front or rear of the

train?
Where is platform number 1?
Which car is my seat in?
Where is my seat?
Is this seat occupied?
I think this is my seat.
I prefer a seat by the window.
It is very hot in here.

? ?

May I open the window?

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. .
,
, .
.

Where are we passing now?

How long does the train stop here?
Where is the next stop?
Which stop should I get off at?
I get off at the next stop.
Let me off here, please.

, . , . Stop here, please.

? ?

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-

How many stops from here?

Useful words
upper berth
lower berth
middle berth
luggage rack
compartment
car
destination
departure time
track/via
waiting room
To the platforms
Entrance
Exit
Way out
lost-and-found office
Emergency brake
alarms




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automatic doors
request stop
night bus
Ferry/Boat
Where is the dock?
Where can I board the ship?
What time does the ship sail?
What time do we board?
Would you please show me to my cabin?
I would like to have breakfast in my
cabin.
I'd like to reserve a deck chair.
What time can I dine?
Baggage
Where is the baggage check?
Where can I get my baggage?
Here is my claim tag.
I can't find my baggage.
I didn't receive the claim tag when I
checked in.
My baggage is broken, and some things
are missing.
Where can I find a porter?

. .
This is my baggage.
, ,
Please take this baggage to the taxi stand.
. .

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Where are the luggage lockers?

You may hear
What is the purpose of your visit?

? ? Where are you going to stay?

 ? ? How long are you going to stay here?

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120 .
120.

120. 120.
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Do you have anything to declare?

Please fill this out.
Please fill in this form.
What is your destination?
May I see your passport, please?
Your customs declaration, please.
How many bags do you have?
You have too much carry-on baggage.
You have to pay an overweight charge.
All tickets for today are sold out.
There are no more seats on this plane.
Would you like me to put you on our
waiting-list?
Would you like a window or an aisle seat?
Attention!
Flight number 120 is now boarding.
Final boarding call for flight 120.
Please go now to gate number 1.
Please don't smoke here.
Smoking is not allowed.
Please turn off all electronic devices.
Excuse me, this is not your compartment.
We'll inform you when your baggage is
delivered.
You should check the lost-and-found.
Watch your step!
Watch where you're going!
Please take off your shoes.

Hotel

Reservations

. .

. .

. .
? ?
. .

I have made a reservation.

Reservations have been made for me and
my family.
I confirmed the reservation in London.
Do you have any vacancies?
I would like a room.

. . I'd like a single room.

?

? ?
. .

Do you have a room for one person?

Do you have a room for two persons?
I'd like a room with a toilet.

, Are there bathrooms equipped with

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shower cabins?
.

I would like a room with two beds.

We need one double room with an extra

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Could you put an extra bed in the room?

Is there anything better?
Would you please show me a larger room?
Do you have a room overlooking the sea?
How much is it per night?
How much is the service charge and tax?
Is the service charge included?
Does the price include breakfast?
How much for a room including
breakfast?
What is the rate?
Do you need a deposit?
When is checkout time?


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Can you recommend another hotel?

Is there another hotel nearby?
I'll take this room for a day.
I will stay 2 nights.
I will stay till June 15.
My name is ...
Useful words
Vacancy
No vacancy
Reception
Receptionist
Administrator
Manager
(electronic) key
Visa Support
Buffet breakfast
Service
Is there room service?
Room service, please.
My room number is ...
Come in.
I would like to put some valuables in the
safe-deposit box.
I'd like my valuables back.
Would you please send the luggage to my
room?
Please send someone for my baggage.
Can you keep this baggage for me?

? . May I have my baggage back?

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Is there a socket in my room for my

electric shaver?
Please bring me some hot water.
How do you use cable TV?


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How can I get an outside line?

Do you know what your international
code is?
What is the country code of the USA?
At what times are meals served?
Can I have breakfast in my room?
Please send my breakfast at 7:00.
I'd like to order breakfast for tomorrow.
Here's my order.
Can I walk or should I take a taxi?
Is there a telephone message for me?
Did anyone call me?

, , , Please give me a business card with the

. .
hotel's address.

.
.

I would like to have this washed.

, . , .
Please be careful with it. It is pure silk.
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Would you please send these clothes to

the laundry?
Will you clean and press this suit?
Would you please be careful with these
blouses?
Can you sew these buttons on?
Can you remove this stain?
Can you press these pants while I wait?
Please have this pressed.
When will my clothes be ready?
I need it by 5 o'clock.
Would you please wake me at 7:00?
Same-day service?

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.

, . .
. .

Please make up this room.

Would you please call a taxi?
How long does it take to go to the airport
by taxi?
Would you please forward my mail to my
home address?
Useful words

(BB)

Do not disturb.
Razors only.
Half board (HB); Modified American Plan
(M.A.P.)
Bed and breakfast (BB)

(FB)

Full board (FB); American Plan (A.P.)

(HB)

(AI)





-










-


- -

All included (AI)

Restaurant
Bar
Cafe
Elevator
Checkroom
Service center
Currency exchange
Souvenir shop
swimming pool
concierge
porter
maid
Newspaper stand
Information
Bank
Laundry
Business center
Guarded parking
Internet access
Mini-bar
Complaints

. .
. .

I have a problem in my room.

Come with me.

. .

It smells bad in my room.

. .
. .

The TV doesn't work.

There is no toilet paper.

 . .
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. .

.
.
. .

The lock is broken.

The sink is clogged.
The window doesn't open.

. .

I'd like to change my room.

,
. .
. ,
. . .
. .

I'm still waiting for the breakfast I

ordered.
There must be a mistake. These aren't
mine.
My room hasn't been made up.

. .
. .

It's too hot in my room.

There are insects in my room.

The stains have not been removed.

This stain is blood.

, ,
I reserved a double bed, but I got a twin.
. .

.
.
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?














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This room is too small. Do you have a

bigger one?
Useful words
kettle
refrigerator
lamp
air conditioning
fan
heating
faucet
sink
shower
switch
television
telephone
Payment
I'm checking out.
I am leaving tomorrow.
I want to leave one day earlier.
I'd like to extend my stay for a few days.
Can I pay now?
I'll pay cash.
May I have the bill?

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Could I see the bill?

Can I have an itemized bill?
What's this bill for?
I find it a little expensive.
How much was I charged for the minibar?
I'm sorry, this isn't my signature.
Will you accept a credit card?
Please order a taxi for me.
I've enjoyed my stay.
Facilities
Where is the restaurant?
Is there a snack bar here?
Is there a mini-bar in my room?
Does the hotel have cable television?
Do you have facilities for children?
Where is the emergency exit?
Renting
I want to find an apartment for rent.
I'd like to rent a two bedroom apartment.
I would prefer a furnished apartment.
How much is the down payment?

? ? How much is the monthly rate?

? ?

Is it possible to rent a garage?

? ?

Where do we pick up the keys?

? ?
? ?

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Where is the electric meter?

Are there any spare fuses?
Which day does the maid come?
Where should I put out the trash?
How does the stove work?

 . .

















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8:00 8 10
10:00 . .
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The kettle is broken.

Useful words
sauce pan
cutlery
stove
frying pan
dishes
washing machine
oven
blankets
vacuum cleaner
dish soap
floor soap
sponges
pots
table
chairs
You may hear
Do you have a reservation?
What kind of room would you like?
Your room number is ...
Sorry, currently we have no rooms.
There are no single rooms left.
For how many nights?
Checkout time is ...
Room service is available round the clock.
Breakfast is served from 8:00 till 10:00
a.m.
Did you enjoy your stay?
Service charge is not included.
You've got a message.
International calls are included in the bill.
How would you like to pay for that?
We accept credit cards.



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...?
...?



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Local transport
Bus/Subway
Where is the nearest bus stop?
Does this bus go there?
Which bus goes to downtown?
Which line should I take for ...?
What time does the next bus for the
airport leave?
How late does the subway run?
Where do I buy a card?
What's the fare?
How long is a round-trip ticket good for?
Are there any discount fares for multiple
trips?

? ? Is there a group rate?

..., . , ...
? ?

A ticket to ..., please.

How much is the fare to this place?

? Do I have to pay extra for my baggage?
?

Can I buy a monthly pass?
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,
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How long will it take to go downtown?

Please tell me where to get off.
Where should I get off?
I'd like to get off here, please.
Next stop, please.
Are you getting off?
What's the frequency per hour?
What time does the subway close?
I want to cancel this ticket.
Useful words












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, ,
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adult
child
coach
conductor
fare
ticket
token
route
bus stop
subway map
schedule
transfer/connection
turnstile
No entry
Entrance
Exit to the city
Way out
Don't lean against the doors.
Taxi
Taxi!
Where is a taxi stand?
Would you call a taxi for me, please?
Where can I get a taxi?
I would like a taxi now.
Are you free?
Take me to the airport, please.
How much will it cost to go to the airport?
Too much.

? ? Any extra fee?

? ?
, ? , .
,
- .
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
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Where is the meter?

The meter, please.
The most direct route.
I am in a hurry.
Slow down.
Go straight.
To the right.
Stop here.
Can you wait?
How much do I owe?

 . .
, . , .
. .

This is for you.

My change, please.
Keep the change.
Car rental

? ? Where can I rent a car?

? ? Can I rent a car?

. .

I'd like to rent a two-door car.

. . I want to rent a car.

. .

.
.

? ?

. .

. .

I want to rent a car with a driver.

I prefer a small car.
What papers do I need with me?
This is my international driving permit.
I'd like to rent this car for two days.

? ? What does it cost per hour?

?
?

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,
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, ,
. .

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Does the price include insurance?

Are there special weekend rates?
How long is the minimum rental period?
Do I need to pay a deposit?
Does the car have gas?
Please give me some numbers to call in
case of trouble.
Show me a list of your rates, please.
How much does it cost for additional
kilometers?
What kind of fuel does it take?

. . I would like to try out the car.

,
? ?
? ?

? ?

May I drop the car off at my destination?

Where can I return it?
May I leave the car in the airport?


Should I return the car with a full tank?
? ?
, ,
Please send a car to my hotel.
. .



I'd like to make a car insurance claim.
.
.


/-

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...? ...?
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Useful words
car rental
car rental office/rent-a-car
rental agreement
tank
insurance
Driving/Parking
Where can I park?
Can I park here?
How long can I park here?
Must I pay to park here?
What's the charge per hour?
How do I get to ...?
How far is it to ...?
Which is the shortest way to the beach?
Is the road to the lake a good one?

- ? ?

Where is the nearest garage?

? ?

Where is the exit to the highway?

? ?
...? ...?
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, ,
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Where does this road go?

Is this the road to ...?
Do you have a road map?

Can you show me where I am on the map?

In which direction should I go?
Where do I turn?
How many kilometers is it to the nearest
gas station?
Useful words
road
traffic






( ) ()

heavy traffic
traffic jam
construction zone
crossroads
junction
turn (of the road)
traffic roundabout
traffic lights
road sign
truck
pedestrian
pedestrian crossing
pedestrian zone
rail crossing
barrier (at rail crossing)
parking
toll parking
free parking
speed limit
highway
freeway
toll road
bicycle path
speed
speedometer
road map
straight
left
right
first
next
street
bridge
tunnel
north
south
east
west
glove compartment
dashboard
driver's seat
passenger's seat
driver license

At the service station

 . .
, . , .
. , .
. .

.
.
? ?

?
?

I'm running out of gas.

Fill it up, please.
I need gas.
I would like to have ten gallons.

e , . , .

Check the oil, please.

.
, .

I usually use gasoline.

Do you do repairs?
Can you check it for me?

I would like an oil change, please.

. . I need a new battery.

? ?
,
? .
,
? .
, ,
? .

, , .
?
? ?

Do you have any antifreeze?

Would you please check the tire pressure?
Would you please top up the brake fluid?
Would you please add some water to the
radiator?
Can I have the car washed?
Where are the restrooms?
Useful words
antifreeze
automatic
engine
exhaust
license plate
gasoline
Out of order

. .

The engine won't start.

. .
. .
. - .
. .
. .
. .
-
. .
. .
. .

The engine gets very hot.

It's noisy.
Something is making a noise.
It makes a knocking noise.
I have a flat tire.
The radiator is leaking.
There is something wrong with the oil
pressure.
The horn doesn't work.
The headlight doesn't work.

 . .
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. .

.
.
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. - .

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?

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, ,
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,
? .

?
?

The battery is dead.

Would you please charge the battery?
Do you have spare parts?
We're out of gas.
I've locked my keys in the car.
The car broke down. Please send someone
for it.
Can you send a mechanic?
Can you repair the car?
How long will it take to repair the car?
How much will the repairs cost,
approximately?
Are the repairs covered by my insurance?
Will you give me an itemized bill?
Will you call me when the car is ready?
Can you lend me a flashlight?
Useful words
brakes
bumper
fender
hood
trunk
spare wheel
steering wheel
windshield
windshield wiper
wheel
clutch
brake pedal
gas pedal
gear shift
hand brake
blinker
headlight
taillight
ignition
seat belt





. .

turn signal
side mirror
rearview mirror
Accidents
There has been an accident.

- ? ?

Where is the nearest telephone?

.
.
.
.
, .
.

Call an ambulance.
There are people injured.
No one is hurt.
It was my fault.
I think it was your fault.
He ran into me.

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
. .
. .

...
...
, ,
. .

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?
.
. .
.

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?




:

I had the right of way.

I'd like an interpreter.
I didn't see the sign.
The license plate number was ...
There doesn't seem to be much damage.
Can we settle the matter between
ourselves?
I'm a foreigner. Here's my driver license.
May I have your name and address?

May I have a copy of the accident report?

Road signs
No entry
No thoroughfare
No passing
Do not enter: one way
No parking
Free admission
One-way traffic
Dangerous bend
Men at work
Road narrows
To the center of town
Construction

Caution
Slow
Stop
Next exit
Yield
Use headlights
Detour
School
Low bridge

Stay in lane


, . , .
,
, .
.
... ...
. .

Road closed
You may hear
Your ticket please.
Be careful, the doors are closing.
The next station is ...
There's an accident up ahead.

. . This is a one-way street.

.
.

.
.
. .

.
.

. .

.
.
- . .

This is a pedestrian street only.

Parking is not allowed here.
The gas station is over there.
You can find the schedule over there.
You will have to transfer here.
You'll have to change trains.
You'd better take the bus.

Sightseeing

/
/

Tourist information/Reserving a tour


.
.

.
.
- ? ?
-
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?
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?

? ?

. .

? ?
?

I want to go sightseeing.
I would like to see the town's old quarter.
Which is the best route?
What are the main points of interest?
What sightseeing tours are available?
Is there a city tour here?
Is an all-day tour available here?
Can we take a bicycle tour?
Can you recommend a sightseeing tour?
Would you please arrange the trip for me?
I prefer to go by bus.
Can I join the tour at the hotel?

? ? Can I get off at the hotel?

? ?

How much does this tour cost?

? ? Are any meals included?

? ?
? ?

? ?

? ?

What time does it start?

What time do we get back?
When and where can we meet?
What sights are we going to see?

, , ,
Please give me a map of the city.
. .

?
Where can I buy a map of the town?
?
,

Do you have a brochure describing tours

? and excursions?
?
What other interesting things are there to
? ?
see?

?
Is it too far to walk?
?

Will there be an opportunity to take some
? ? photographs?

 , ,
? ?
? ?

?
?
? ?
, , . .

? ?

Would you please tell me what museums

there are here?
Is there a theater in this town?
How are we going to the theater?
Where can I buy a ticket?
I want an English-speaking guide.
May I use your bathroom?
Useful words
abbey
monastery
church
cathedral
cemetery
castle
palace
tower
town hall
parliament building
downtown area
old town
viewpoint
battlefield/battleground
memorial
art gallery
opera house
theater
fountain
statue
tomb
botanical garden
park
ruins
mosaics
pyramids
market
medieval
ancient
former
prehistoric(al)
Art Nouveau
Empire
Baroque

()

, ,
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, ,
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-
?
?

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?
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?
?

Rococo
Classical
Gothic
Modern
Romantic
Renaissance
A.D.
B.C.
building
railway station
subway station
bridge
post office
university
college
birthplace
factory
riverside
Asking the way
Excuse me. How can I get to this place?
Where is the church?
Would you tell me how to get to this
hotel?
Where is the nearest subway station?
Is there a subway station nearby?
Is the hotel far from here?
How long does it take?
Is that on this side?
Will you show me the way to the post
office?

? ? Which way is downtown?

, , ,
Please point out where I am on this map.
. .
,
.
? ?
? ?

?
?
? ?
, .

Please draw a map here.

Where are we now?
What's the name of this street?
What landmarks are on the way?
Should I go straight?

 ,
Is it close enough to walk?
?
? ?
Is it far from here?
, ,
Wait here a moment, please.
. .
. .
I've lost my way.
?

At the museum

? Is the museum open to the public?
?
? ? Can we look around?
? ? What time does the museum open?

? ?

What time is the last entry?

? ? Are you open on Sundays?

?
?

? ?

When is the next guided tour?

Do you have a guidebook in English?

? ? Can I take photos?

? ?

Is there access for the disabled?

? ?

Is there an audioguide in English?

? ?
? ?
,
, . .
. .
words




5
17:00

How much is admission?

Are there any discounts for children?
One adult and two children, please.
I've lost my ticket.
Useful
Visiting hours
Open
Closed
Free admission
Latest entry at 5 p.m.
Next tour at

No flash photography

Gift shop
Staff only









































/

()

Do not touch
exhibit
interactive exhibit
multimedia exhibit
armory
born in
died in
built in
founded in
painted by
completed in
designed by
destroyed by
fine arts
crafts
canvas
oils
painter
seascape
watercolor
still life
sketch
fresco
frieze
gilded
molding
engraving
masterpiece
tapestry
carving
sculpture
ceiling
impressionistic
abstract
century
display
emperor
empress
king
queen
brick
terracotta
wing (of building)
staircase
hall
elevator

Photo taking

? ? May I take pictures here?

? May I use a flash?
?
? ?

Would you mind taking a picture of me?

. , . I'll send you a copy. Please write your

. .
address here.
,
, .
Please pose with me.
.

// //
, -
. .

? ?

? ?

-?
.

?
?

Entertainment/Movies/Theater
I would like to go somewhere to relax.
Do you have a program of events?
Can you recommend a ballet?
Shall we find a nice place to go?
Would you like to go to the theater with
me?

? ? Which movie house will we go to?

? ?
? ?

?
?
? ?

What is showing now?

Who are the stars?
Is this show a first run?
Are there any seats left for tonight?

? Is evening dress required?
?
? ?

?
. .
? ?
. 5.
, ,
, ? .
?

, ? ?
? ?

?
?

What time does the movie start?

How long will it run?
I'll get the tickets.
How much are the seats?
I'll pick you up at 5 o'clock.
Will you take me to my seat, please?
May I have the program, please?
Where is the coat check?
Who are your favorite movie stars?



-
?
?

.
.
-
? ?






()

/ /
? ?
? ?

Are there any good movies on TV

tonight?
My mother is a soap-opera addict.
Which program is the most instructive?
Useful words
Reserved seats
Tickets for today
Sold Out
playwright
composer
soloist
conductor
orchestra
folk music
jazz
classical music
comedy
black comedy
drama
love story
musical
action movie
horror movie
crime story
animated movie
erotic movie
special effects

Entertainment/Nightlife
Is there a bar in the town?
Is it far to the bar?

? ?

What type of music do they play?

? ?

Is there a cover charge?

? ?
? ?
-
? ?

, ? .

Do we need to be members?
Is there billiards?
Would you like to go dancing?
May I have this dance, please?

 -
? ?
. .

Where is the best place to go for a stroll?

It's been a wonderful night.
You may hear

? ? What kind of tour would you prefer?

?
?
, ? ?
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

Do you need a guided tour?

Is there anything special you'd like to see?
Here is the list of excursions.
It's about a five-minute walk.
It's a short walk.
It's right across the street.
It's not too far.

. . You can't miss it.

. .
-
. .
. .

It's quite far from here.

Photos and video prohibited.
No photography allowed.

? ? What seats would you prefer?

. .
. .

/ /
- ? ?

There are no tickets for tonight.

This movie is a first run.

Bank
Deposit/Withdrawal
Where is the nearest bank?

? ? How late is the bank open?

.
.
1000
, . .

.
.

.
.
? ?

?
?

I would like to open an account.

I want to withdraw 1,000 US dollars,
please.
I'd like to deposit some money.
I need a withdrawal slip.
Where do I sign?
Is my passport necessary?


.
.

This is my identification.

? ? How quickly can this be done?

? ?
Where are the cash machines?

Can I withdraw money on my credit card
? ?
here?

.
Put it on my Visa.
.







()









? ?

Useful words
ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
Cashiers
All Transactions
bank
money
cash
bills
coins
receipt
commission
traveler's check
Visa
MasterCard
American Express
interest rate
Currency exchange
Where can I change money?

I want to exchange American dollars for

. .
euros.

?
?

. .

?
?
,
, .
.
, , 5
? .
100 ? ?
, ,
? .

What is the exchange rate for dollars?

I would like to cash this traveler's check.
What is the commission?
I want large bills, please.
Can you give me change for five pounds?
Could you break this 100 dollar bill?
Could you give me change for this bill?


? ?

, . .


/ /
















, . , .
, . .
... ...
. .

?
. .
. .
. .

Could you include some small change

too?
I'd like coins of all sizes, please.
Useful words
Currency Exchange
We buy/sell
dollar
euro
pound
peso
lira
franc
rupee
ruble
dinar
shekel
lari
yuan
real
yen
won
You may hear
Your passport please.
Please sign here.
The commission fee is ...
You have no money on your account.
Would you like to make a deposit?
The commission is included.
This is a fake bill.
It's a fake copy.

Communication
means

- ? ?
, ,
? ?

Post office
Where is the nearest post office?
Would you please direct me to the post
office?


? ?

?
?

. .

? ?

Which window is for general delivery?

Where is the general delivery?
I'd like to send this by registered mail.
How much do stamps cost for these
letters?

How much does it cost to send this by

? ? registered mail?

? ?

? ?

? ?

.
, .
, ,
? .

What's the postage on a letter?

Do you know what the postage is to the
USA?
Where can I get stamps and postcards?
I'd like to insure this, please.
Will you weigh this parcel, please?

? ? Does this weigh too much?

?
?
, ,
? .

. -.
,
, ,

.
-?
? ?
. ?

.
.
? ?

Would you please forward my mail to my

address in New York?
Can you send it to this address in the
USA?
I'd like to send this package to New York.
Would you please send this parcel as
quickly as possible?
How many days will it take?
I need an envelope.
I'd like to send a wire.
What is the charge per word?
Useful words
stamp
postcard
envelope
letter
package
box
mailbox
mailing address
return address





/ /

( ) ( )
// -/-










/ /

registered
insured
fragile
contents
to/from
zip code
general delivery
wire

Filling out forms (Useful words)

Mr./Mrs./Ms.
first name
middle name
last name
address
street
city
county
state
country
nationality
origin/destination
date of birth
place of birth
sex
male
female
married
single
profession
adult
boy
girl
children
family
signature
date
Telephone

- Where can I find a public phone around

? ?
here?

I want to make a collect call.
. .


-.
.
? ?
2
?
?
. .

.
.

?
?

? .

? ?

? ?
,
, .
.
. .

.
.

I'd like to make a call to New York.

How much per minute?
How much does it cost for 2 minutes?
The line is busy.
The number is unlisted.
Can I dial directly?
May I speak to the manager?
May I use your phone?
Can you dial for me?
I'm sorry, you have the wrong number.
He's not in now.
He's on another line now.

, . , . Hold the line, please.

,
.
-. .
, .

212, . 212, .

?
?
? ?
. .
, ,
. .

Don't hang up yet, please.

I'll call again later.
Give me extension 212, please.
May I ask who's calling?
How do you spell that?
I got the wrong number.
Please ask him to call me.

? ?

Could I leave a message?

? ?

What time is he expected back?

, . .
Thank you for calling.

I'd like a phone card for 20 minutes.
. 20 .



(

)

Useful words
local call
international call
overseas call
telephone card

telephone office
operator

international assistance

/





?
?

?
?

?
?

. .

country code
area code
telephone directory
toll-free call
out of service
Internet
Where can I get access to the Internet?
Can I access the Internet here?
May I check my e-mail?
I'd like to send a message by e-mail.

? ? What's your e-mail address?

? ?
? ?

? ?

@ ()

-











!
...
?
?

!
.
?
?

What are the charges per hour?

How do I log on?
What's the data transfer rate?
Useful words
@
dot
web page
user name
password
access denied
error
website
link
login
domain
traffic
system administrator
You may hear
Hello!
Speaking ...
Who is speaking?
Who would you like to speak to?

 ? ?
,
, .
.
,
, .
.
. .
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? - ?

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,
?
?
-,
.
.

? ?

. .
-
. .

? ?

? ?



?
?

. .

. .
. 6 .

What is your number?

Please call again tomorrow.
I'll say that you called.
I'll have him call you back.
Say that again, please.
How can I help you?
Would you like to leave a message?
Could you spell your name please?
Can you leave your e-mail address,
please?

In the restaurant
Reservations
Are there any good restaurants around
here?
Where can I find a sandwich shop?
Can you recommend a good place to eat?
Some place not too expensive.
Is there a Chinese restaurant nearby?
I'd like to go to a Chinese restaurant.
I want to eat the best local food.
Can I sample local cuisine there?
Do we have to make a reservation?
Can you make reservations for me?
I'd like to reserve a table for two.
I'd like to reserve a table for tonight.
We'll come at 6 o'clock.


? ?
. .

. .
? ?
? ?

.
.
. .

, , ,
. .










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. .
. .
. .
, ,
. .
? ?

?
?
, . , .

, ? , ?

? ?

What time do you open for breakfast?

I would like a table for two.
I would like a table in a smoking area.
Do you have a table by the window?
Can I sit over there?
We are a party of four.
I have a reservation.
Useful words
Please wait to be seated.
Reserved
No vacant tables
Private party
breakfast
lunch
brunch
dinner
cover charge
waiting list
Ordering food
Waiter!
I'd like to place an order.
I'm ready to order now.
I would like a continental breakfast.
I'll have whatever you recommend.
What do you recommend?
What is the specialty of the house?
Menu, please.
May I have the menu and the wine list,
please?
Do you serve vegetarian food?

? ? Is there an English menu?

? ?
. .
. .

What's the cocktail of the day?

I'm not ready to order yet.
I'll have the same thing.

 . .
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? ?
? ?

. .

. .
,
, .
.
, ,
. .
? ?
,
.
.
? ?
. .

, .
.
, . , .
? ?
. .
? ?

I'll have this.

Is it tasty?
How long will it take?
Does the meal come with vegetables?
I'll just have a ham sandwich.
I'll have a steak with fried potatoes.
Medium rare, please.
Please show me the wine list.
What kind of wine do you have?
I would like a bottle of white wine.
How much is a whole bottle?
I would like a cup of coffee.
I'd like another cup of coffee.
I'd like a refill, please.
May I have a glass of beer?
Orange juice.
What do you have for dessert?
Service

? , , . May I have some butter?

?
?
,
, .
.
, ,
. .


,
, .
.

. .
. .
, . , .
, . , .
, . , .
, ? , , .
? ?
. .

Could I have a clean plate?

One more order of rice, please.
Two hamburgers to go, please.
Bring me a triple-decker sandwich and
milk, please.
A green salad with French dressing.
With butter.
A little more, please.
Nothing more, thank you.
That's enough, thanks.
Would you please pass the salt?
How does it taste?
It was delicious.


.
.

? ?
, ? , .
? ?
. .

.
.
? ?
e. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

It was more than I could eat.

Can I have it right away?
Would you please hurry?
May I smoke?
This is not my order.
My order hasn't come yet.
How do you eat this?
It is cold.
It is too spicy.
This is not cooked enough.
This is not quite fresh.
It is not clean enough.

? ? Can you heat this up?

(, )

Useful words
bread
butter
margarine
salt
sugar
pepper
plate
extra plate
napkin
silverware
knife
fork
spoon
carafe/pitcher
honey
mustard
mayonnaise
ketchup
a little
more
another

. . Service is not included.

small
medium
large
menu

, . , .
,
?
?

menu of the day

tourist menu
special offer
specialty of the house
no refills
free refills
Payment
Bill, please.
Could I have the bill, please?

, . . I would like to pay now, please.

? ?

? ?
,
, .
.
. .
. .
. .

.
.
, ,
. .
. .
. .

.
.
. .

.
.
, . .

How much is the total?

Does the bill include the service charge?
I believe the bill is added up wrong.
I didn't order this.
I forgot my wallet.
The bill is on me.
I treat you to dinner this evening.
Put it on my bill, please.
I am paying for everyone.
We are paying separately.
Let's split the bill.
He will pay the bill.
Let me pay my share.
Keep the change, please.
At the bar

. ?
Let me buy you a drink.
? ? .
May I treat you?

. The next round is on me.
.
? ?
What would you like to drink?
, . , . Whisky and water, please.
, . , . Make it a double, please.
, . , .
. , .

Scotch on the rocks, please.

I'll have a gin and tonic.

 .
.
, .
!
!
.

.
.
, .
!
!
, , .
-
?
?
, ! , !

On ice.
A glass of tomato juice.
One more, please.
Let's make a toast to you!
Cheers!
I'm feeling a little drunk.
Do you also have something to eat?
One beer please!
You may hear

, ,
I'm sorry, all tables are taken now.
. .

It will be about a ten-minute wait.
. .
? ?
,
?
?

.
.

?
?
, . .
. .

, .
?

- ?
?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? - ?
. .

.
.
, ,
. .
. .

/

/ /

Would you like to wait?

Can I take your name please?
Reservations are required.
Where would you like to sit?
Follow me, please.
This is your table.
May I offer you our wine list?
Would you like something to drink?
Are you ready to order?
What would you like to have?
How about some dessert?
Anything else?
Enjoy your meal.
Service charge is not included.
Sorry, we don't accept credit cards.
Here is your bill.

Food and drinks

Fruits/Vegetables
fruits

( )

apples
apricots
bananas
grapes
grapefruit
kiwi
lemons
lime
mangos
melons
oranges
papaya
peaches
pears
plums
tangerines
watermelons
blueberries
cranberries
cherries
raspberries
strawberries
rhubarb
raisins
prunes
figs
vegetables
greens
beans
lima beans
red beans
green beans
bean sprouts
peas
cabbage
carrots
cauliflower
potato
pumpkin
squash
zucchini
eggplant
avocado
radishes
tomatoes
cucumbers

 /




-

pickles
capers
mushrooms
olives
corn
lettuce
broccoli
spinach
kale
Brussels sprouts
onions
artichokes
asparagus
celery
Seafood
seafood
abalone
clams
crab
crayfish
lobster
octopus
oyster
scallops
shrimp/prawn
soft-shell crab
squid
fish
catfish
caviar
cod
conch
flounder
herring
mackerel
perch
pike
pompano
red snapper
salmon
smelts
striped bass
swordfish
trout






























()





()

tuna
whitefish
Spices
anise
basil
caraway/cumin
cardamom
cayenne pepper
chamomile
chervil
chicory root
chili
cinnamon
cloves
coriander
curry
dill
fennel
garlic
ginger
ginkgo
horseradish
kelp
marjoram
nutmeg
oregano
paprika
parsley
pepper
peppermint
poppy seed
saffron
sage
salt
sesame
spearmint
spices
thyme
turmeric

Meat

meat
bacon
beef

chicken
duck
lamb
pork
poultry
rabbit
turkey
veal
venison
minced meat
schnitzel
steak
Grocery
grocery
sugar
bread
rye bread
pumpernickel bread
oat bread
banana bread
white bread
whole wheat bread
roll
bun
ham
smoked ham
sliced
sausage
cheese
blue cheese
Edam
Cheddar
Swiss
Provolone
Mozzarella
Muenster
cream cheese
Brie
Camembert
Monterrey Jack
butter
yogurt
eggs
milk




() /


" "








/

-












()

mustard
mayonnaise
ketchup
dressing
olive oil
Russian dressing
Thousand Island dressing
Italian dressing
barbecue sauce
Tabasco
soy sauce
vinegar
nuts
almonds
coconut
hazelnut/filberts
peanuts
pistachios
Brazil nuts
walnuts
chestnuts
pecans
cereals
candy
chocolate
chocolate pudding
chocolate cake
cream
custard
ice cream
scoop
paper plate
paper cup
plastic spoons
plastic forks
plastic plates
plastic cups

Soft drinks
drinks
tea
herbal tea
jasmine tea
green tea
iced tea

juice
orange juice
fruit juice
box of juice
squash
lemonade
milk shake
skimmed milk
mineral water
bottled water
sparkling water
mountain spring water
soda (water)
tonic
coffee
cocoa
Alcohol
alcohol
beer
dark beer
imported beer
local beer
lager beer
light beer
stout
wheat beer
porter
ale
cider
Champagne
wine
vermouth
dry vermouth
Martini
Bacardi
liqueur
bourbon
brandy
cognac
gin
scotch
tequila
vodka
whiskey

 : :
///

-
-


""















-

- -

: :

/

At the restaurant: appetizers

appetizers/entres/starters/snacks
pretzels
potato chips
beer nuts
toast
crisp toast
garlic bread
salad
salad bar
chef's salad
Greek salad
green salad
Caesar salad
fruit salad
potato salad
coleslaw
shrimp cocktail
oyster stew
omelet
soft-boiled eggs
hard-boiled eggs
cornflakes
oatmeal
chicken wings
hamburger
sandwich
salmon sandwich
sardine sandwich
club sandwich
cheeseburger
hot dog
kebab
At the restaurant: soup
first course
broth/stock
chicken soup
cream soup
broccoli soup
mushroom soup
tomato soup
onion soup

: :

pumpkin soup
split pea soup
bean soup
oxtail soup
gazpacho
beef consomm
crayfish bisque
clam chowder
corn chowder

At the restaurant: main course

main course
chicken breast
turkey breast
brisket
filet
kidneys
loin
ribs
saddle
spareribs
tenderloin
tongue
chop
chopped steak
cutlet
escalope
filet mignon
filet steak
goulash
meatloaf
pot roast
beef stew
lamb stew
rabbit stew
beef stroganoff
boiled beef
boiled tongue
boiled lobster
boiled beef and cabbage
chicken pie
roast beef
roast chicken
roast duck





( )
-


,

/
/













/

pan pizza -

roast pork
roast turkey
roast veal
Swiss steak
T-bone steak
rib eye steak
baked ham
fried chicken
pan-fried steak
side dish/side order/garnish
French fries
noodles
braised leeks
pure
rice
baked beans
scalloped potatoes
boiled potatoes
pasta
macaroni
spaghetti
ravioli
linguini
vermicelli/angel hair
pizza
pan pizza
thick crust
thin crust
topping
pepperoni
baked
barbecued
boiled
braised
breaded
chilled
chopped
cooked to order
deep-fried
fresh
fried
grilled
homemade
melted



( )



/

: :








( )










/



/


: :

mashed
minced
pan-fried
poached
roasted
smoked
spicy/hot
stewed
stuffed
rare
medium
well done

At the restaurant: dessert

dessert
banana split
vanilla
fruit plate
baked apple
cookies
cake
cobbler
flan
French pastry
croissant
muffin
pancake
tart
pie
pecan pie
apple pie
apple strudel
cheesecake
gingerbread
syrup
cranberry sauce
maple syrup
jam
jelly
pudding
At the restaurant: drinks
alcohol-free
cocktail

-
-

,


( )

? ?

?
?
-
? ?
? ?

?
?

? ?
tax-free
? ?

blended
stirred
shaken
aperitif
long drink
short drink
shot
white wine
sparkling wine
sweet wine
dry wine
red wine
ros wine
draft beer
beverages
instant coffee
filter coffee
black coffee
cappuccino
decaffeinated coffee
espresso
frappe
hot chocolate
with cinnamon
with cream
with ice
with lemon
with sugar

Shopping
Information
Where is the shopping area?
Where is the main shopping district?
Where is the nearest bookstore?
When do you open?
When does this store open?
How late are you open on weekdays?
Is there a tax-free shop nearby?


?
?

? ?

? ?
? ?

Is there a department store nearby?

On which floor is the food department?
What are some specialty items of the
town?
Where can I buy it?
Useful words
antique store
bookstore
drugstore
newsstand
camera store
clothing store
department store
shoe store
sporting goods store

/ /

gift/souvenir shop

-


/

toy store
health food store
jewelry store
market
minimarket
supermarket
hypermarket
mall/shopping center
ladieswear
menswear
children's wear
lingerie
hosiery
knitwear
sleepwear
business/opening hours
open
closed
Open all day
Closed for lunch

closing sale/liquidation sale

// //

clearance sale
spring/winter/Christmas sale









. .
? ?
...? ...?
... ...
... ...
... ...
, ... , ...
... ...
? ?
- ,
? ?
,
-?
?
-
-?
?
? ?

?
?

? ?
-
?
?
-? ?
? ?

Customer service
Cash desk
Pay here
floor map
discount
gift
sale
Service
I'm just looking around.
Is this expensive?
Do you have ...?
I want ...
I would like ...
I would like to see ...
Please show me ...
I'm looking for ...
Do you have one like this?
Do you have one of better quality?
Do you have a larger one?
Do you have anything cheaper?
What size is this?
Can you check my size?
Can you measure my sleeve length?
Is it available in a bigger size?
Is there a less expensive one?
Do you have it in any other colors?

-
I would like to see a lighter shade.
. .
,
, .
Please show me another one.
.

, .
Please put this on hold for me.
, .

? Can you order my size for me?
?

When will you get new stock?
? ?

When will this item go on sale?
? ?
. .
I'll take this.


Could I have a gift box?
?
,
?
Can you please gift-wrap this for me?
.
, ,
Wrap them separately, please.
. .
?

, . , .

. .
, ,
? .

?
?
? ?

? ?

? ?

.
.
, ,
. .
? ?
-. .

. .

? ?
. .
. .
. .

It's good, but it's a little expensive.

I can't afford to buy this.
Will you send it to the hotel with a
receipt?
Would you please send it today?
Can you send it?
Will you send it to my hotel?
Will you forward my purchases to my
home address?
I would like to have this monogrammed.
I want my initials on this.
May I pick it up?
I will come back later.
Clothing
I would like a custom-made suit.
Do you have a jacket to match these
pants?
I would like a pair of pajamas.
I'd like to try it on.
I would like to try both of them on.

? ?
, ,
? ?
? ?

Where's the fitting room?

? ?

Can you lengthen this?

.
.
.
.
.
?

.
.
.
.
- .
?

Do you think this material is durable?

Will you adjust the length?

It fits well.
It's too tight here.
It doesn't quite fit me.
It's too short.
I want something in cotton.
Is it pure cotton?

 . - .
? ?

I'm looking for something in beige.

Is it hand washable?
Useful words
tailor-made
blouse
shirt
T-shirt
sweatshirt
sleeveless
polo (shirt)
turtleneck
jacket
jeans
pants
leggings
capri
shorts
corduroy
skirt
vest
bikini
thong bikini
underpants
underwear
briefs
boxer shorts
socks
swimming trunks
swimsuit
bra
camisole
top
cap
hat
raincoat
coat
sweater
pullover
fabric
cotton
silk
acrylic
polyester
wool







(L) (48-50)
(S) (42-44)
(M) (44-48)
(XL) (50-52)



,


?
?
,
,

.
.
,
. , .

. .
? ?
. .

.
.

. .

- . .

? ?
? ?
? ?

linen
polyamide
nylon
lycra
spandex
handmade
large (L)
small (S)
medium (M)
extra large (XL)
long sleeve
short sleeve
Accessories
Could you show me a selection of silk
ties?
I'm afraid this tie is too plain.
Please show me a tie with stripes.
I would like to see a practical set of
luggage.
Is this genuine leather?
I'd like a leather wallet.
I would like a pair of cufflinks.
These glasses are too weak for me.
I would like to try some stronger glasses.
Do you have cotton socks?
May I have a pair of socks?
What material is it made of?
Useful words
accessories
genuine leather
imitation leather
soft leather
hard leather
handkerchief
headkerchief
bandana
belt











/ ,
/

, ,
. .

. .
. .
- ? ?
. .
. .

tie
eyeglasses
gloves
bag
backpack
handbag
briefcase
checkbook cover
scarf
umbrella
wallet
purse
Shoes
I would like to see a pair of boy's shoes.
I would like a pair of lightweight summer
shoes.
These are too big.
Do you have ones of a bigger size?
They pinch me.
They fit me like a glove.
Useful words

boots
moccasins
loafers
clogs
sneakers
slippers
pumps
slingbacks
sandals
thongs
shoelace
shoehorn
heels
high-heeled
low-heeled
flat
spike heel
platform

Electronic articles

. .

I want to buy an adapter.

I would like to see a camera.

? ?

Can you recommend a good camera?

8 . .

I would like a film for an 8 millimeter

movie camera.

Have you got a camera with an automatic
? ?
light meter?
CD. -.
I would like to buy a CD.

?
Have you got any flashlight batteries?
?
25-
I would like to have a couple of 25-watt
. .
bulbs.
, ,
Will you show me how to operate it?
? .
-
-.
I prefer a simpler style.
.
? ?
Is there a guarantee?

? Will you guarantee the repairs?
?
? ?
Does it come with instructions?
. .
I would like a color film.
? ?
Do you have a color film?

. I'm looking for an automatic camera.
.

.
I would like some flashbulbs.
.
, ,
I'd like a lens cap.
. .
-
.
I need a flash card for this camera.
.

Would you please put film in my camera?
, ? ?
, ,
I'd like this roll developed.
. .

.
I would like two prints of each.
.
, ,
I think some of these photos are

underexposed.
. .

I would like these photographs enlarged.
. ?

When will the photos be ready?
? ?
.
I'd like to pick up my photos. Here's the
. . .
receipt.

Useful words

()

foreign language records (tapes)

-







/





()

DVD DVD
CD CD




-
SD SD
MMC
- -
(CD) -

electronic flash
compact flash
memory stick
cassette tape
videotape
film
glossy finish
matte finish
adapter
battery
epilator
electric shaver
extension cord
hair dryer
plug
camera
video camera
DVD player
CD player
video player
video recorder
tape recorder
flash
flash card
SD card
MMC card
smart-media card
compact disc (CD)
stereo system
computer
computer disk
mouse
modem
cellular phone
digital

.
.
, ,
? .

Souvenirs
I would like to have a souvenir of the
town.
I want to purchase a special gift.
Would you show me some ceramics?


? ?

? ?

. .

. .

? ?

, .
?

. .
? ?

? ?

Do you have any pictures with scenes of

this area?
Do you have a postcard with views of the
town?
I'm looking for paintings by well-known
French artists.
I'm interested in European art.
What period is this sculpture from?
Could you please give me an appraisal for
this?
I would like to see a hand-woven rug.
Are these crystals?
Do you buy old coins?

. , . I would like a bouquet of red roses.

? ?

What's in that chocolate?

I would like one pound of assorted

, .
chocolates.
.
,
I would like two bars of plain chocolate.
. .
? ? How long will they keep?

? ?

. .
- -
. .



.
.
, ,
. -.

. .
,
, .
.
. .

. .

? ?

Books
May I browse?
I would like to buy a guide book.
I need an English-Spanish dictionary.
I would like to have a picture-book for a
five-year-old child.
I would like to see some coloring books.
I would like to buy a mystery novel in
English.
Please give me an English newspaper.
I would like a writing pad.
I would like a clearly marked map of this
town.
Do you have any greeting cards?


?
?
/ /

. .

. .

. .
,
,

?
?

?
?



?
?

? ?

Where can I find children's books?

Toys/Games
I would like an interesting game for a boy.
I'd like a toy for a small child.
I would like to see some electrical toys.
Do you think this is suitable for a fouryear-old child?
Do you have easy games for children?
What can we give a sick little boy?
Do you have any dolls that walk and talk?

? ? What type of building kits do you have?

.

,
.

I would like a pail and a shovel.

Useful words
bath toys/tubs
float
arm floats
baby boat
snorkel
brain teasers
backgammon
checkers
chess
darts
puzzles
plastic toys
pail and shovel
play set
blocks set
building kits/building bucket
Lego
rattles
walker
dolls
Barbie









-









/
/

dinnerware set
dollhouse
stuffed animals
tin soldiers
transformers
ball
football
kite
ping-pong
bubble blower
balloon
water gun
electronic learning toys
musical and talking toys
radio and remote control vehicles

Tobacco/Alcohols

. , .

?
?

?
?

I would like a pack of cigarettes.

, . .

A pack of filtered cigarettes.

? ?

?
?

. .

, ?
?

How much chocolate can I take through

customs?

? ?

What brands of port do you have?

-?

? ?
? ?
. , .

? , .

. .

Do you carry chewing tobacco?

What brands do you have with filters?

Do you have a leather tobacco pouch?

I would like to see a good pipe.
Do you have a good, big cigar?

What vintage is the best?

Have you got an original cognac?
Is this wine sweet?
I would like a bottle of brandy.
Can you recommend a good cognac?
I would like to see some beer mugs.


? ?
/
-
.
. .

. .

. .

18- .
.

? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?

? ?

? ?

. .
. .

, ? ?
.

, ,
, ? .
,
? .
. .

. .
-
? .

?
?

Do you have any crystal wine decanters?

Jewelry/Watches
I'm looking for a small piece of jewelry.
I'd like a ring.
I would like to see a gold ring.
I would like to see a lady's ring.
I would prefer one in 18 carat gold.
Is the clasp on that necklace a strong one?
Have you got any gold coins?
Is it handmade?
Is this gold?
Is there a certificate for it?
What is this stone?
Have you got silverware in that pattern?
Can you make a new setting?
My watch needs adjusting.
The winder is broken.
Would you please clean my watch?
Would you please change the battery in
my watch?
May I see a wristwatch that shows the
date?
I want to see a stopwatch.
I would like to see a leather watch strap.
Would you show me some white china?
Are these figures very fragile?
Useful words
crystal
copper
diamond
enamel
pearl

silver plate
gold plate
platinum
cut glass
amber
amethyst
aquamarine
emerald
jade
ivory
jasper
malachite
onyx
ruby
sapphire
turquoise
silver
gold
gemstone
semiprecious stones
imitation jewelry
strass
opal

At the supermarket

?
?

?
?

?
?
? ?
. .
. .
. .
. .
, . , .

, .
.

, .
.
,
, . .

Where are the shopping carts?

Where can I find canned food?
In which aisle can I find canned food?
Is there a bakery here?
I'd like some of this.
This one.
These ones.
To the left.
That's all, thanks.
I'd like a pound of apples.
I'd like a half-dozen of eggs.
Give me several slices of ham, please.

, . , , . Please give me a bar of soap.

, .

, ,
.

I'd like two slices, please.

, 300 , , 300
Please weigh me 300 grams.
. .
? ?
Self-service?
? ?
Does it need to be cooked?
? ? May I taste a little?
. .
More.

Do I pay for it here or at the checkout?
? ?
, ? ?
Can I have a bag, please?

...
...

...
...

( )
( )
( )





,



/

? ?

?
?

? ?
, ,
. .
. .

Useful words
Cash only
Household goods
Deli
Bakery
Keep refrigerated
Sell by ...
Best before ...
microwaveable
Reheat before eating
ounce
pound
half a pound
dozen
half-dozen
kilo
gram
liter
coupon
discount
aisle
Cash register
receipt
Payment
Where do I pay?
Do you accept credit cards?
Can I use a personal check?
This is more than I can pay.
The price is not reasonable.

 -,
The price is higher than I planned to
, .
.
spend.
tax-free? ?
-
? ?

? ?
? ?
? .

Can I buy it tax-free?

Can you give me a better price?
Is a cash discount possible?
Isn't there a mistake in the bill?
Will you check it again?

. . You gave me the wrong change.

! !

.
.
. .
. .
. .
, . , .

, . , .
,
?
?
? - ?
? - ?
. .
. .
. .

I have already paid!

I'd like to have it today.
I'd like to return this.
Here is my invoice.
This is broken.
No, it's not for me.
You may hear
Sorry, we are closed.
Hi, can I help you?
May I help you?
Are you looking for something special?
We're having a sale.
It's on sale.
We are out of stock.

. . We can order it for you.

? ?
? ?
? - ?
? , ?
? ?
? ?
, . .
. .
? ?
? ?
? ?

?
?

What are you looking for?

Did you decide?
Did you choose anything?
Did you find something you like?
What size do you need?
Would you like to try it on?
Please try this one.
It fits you well.
Do you feel comfortable?
How do you like it?
Would you like to taste it?
Do you want to try on another pair?

,
, .
.

.
.
. .

. .
, . , .

.
.
? ?
. .

? ?
. .
. .
e . .
. .
, , ,
. .

I'm sorry, but it is the last one.

I would recommend that you take this
one.
This is not your size.
We can adjust it to your size.
That's all we have.
You may find it over there.
How do you pay?
The cash register is over there.
Do you have our discount card?
This card is not valid.
The transaction has not been approved.
The ATM is over there.
The store is closing.
Please ask Customer service.

/ /

Repairs/Laundry

? ?

?
?

?
?
. .

.
.

? ?

? ?

? ?
? ?

Repairs
Can you fix this?
Can you repair this clock?
Is it worth repairing?
It doesn't work well.
Just do the essentials.
How long will it take to repair?
Can you repair this while I wait?
Are repairs included in the guarantee?
Do you have a battery for this?

? Can you replace the battery?
?


? Could you alter this?
?
? ?
How much will it cost?

/ /

Laundry/Dry Cleaning

- ? ?

Where is the nearest laundry service?

. .

?
?
. .
? ?

? ?

? ?
. .
. .

?
?

.
.
? ?
. .

I need this to be washed.

()

. .

Can you get this stain out?

There's a button missing.
Can you sew it back on?
Can you fix the zipper?
Can you patch this hole?
The stain didn't wash out.
These aren't my things.
When can I have my clothes back?
I need them tonight.
How does this work?
I need change.
Useful words
self-service laundry
full-service laundry
wash
dry
washer/washing machine
dryer
washing powder
fabric softener
bleach
(liquid) detergent
token
coins
whites
colors
lights
darks
delicates
Wash separately.
Wash with like colors.

 . , .
. .
. .
. .



,
, .
.
. .

.
.

.
.
, . , .

.
.
? ?

.
.
. .

. .

. .
. .

/
/

Wash inside out.

Do not iron.
Do not bleach.
Do not dry clean.
Handwash only
Dry-clean only
You may hear
I'm afraid it can't be fixed.
It's impossible to fix it.
We can't do anything with it.
This stain can't be removed.
Yes, we can fix it.
The repairs will take some time.
Is it urgent?
It will take us an hour to repair it.
You can pick it up tomorrow.
We can fix it while you wait.
The repairs are not covered by the
guarantee.
Here is your receipt.

Sport/Leisure
Camping

? ? Is there a campsite nearby?

? ?

? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?

? ?

May we camp out here?

Can we spend the night here?
Do you have space for a tent?
What is the charge per day?
What is the charge for a tent?
Are there cooking facilities on site?


? ?
? ?
. .
? ?
. .
. .
- ? ?



?
.

.

.
/

Where can I get some drinking water?

Is the town far from here?
I am interested in fishing.
Is fishing allowed here?
It's too sunny here.
The ground's too hard.
Do you have a more level spot?
I'd like a map of the walking trails in this
region.
Useful words
camping
matches
charcoal
butane gas
tent pole
hammer
air mattress
paraffin
tent pegs
kerosene stove
sleeping bag
ground cloth
tent
sleeping pad
camp fire
camping site
campground
No Camping
Drinking water
No fires/barbecues
At the beach

Can I go water-skiing there?
? ?

?
Where can I rent a surfboard?
?
- ? -?
?

Where is the nearest yacht club?

How much does it cost to rent a

?
surfboard?

 -
. .

?
?

? ?



?
?

? ?

I'd like to rent a larger boat.

Is it necessary to put down a deposit?
How much horsepower does the engine
have?
What sort of navigation equipment does
the boat have?
What is maximum speed of this boat?

? ?

When do I have to bring the boat back?

? ?

?
?

? ?

? ?

? ?



?
?

? ?

?
?

?
?

?
?



?
?
? ?

Is the yacht insured in the event of an

emergency?
What is the weather forecast?
Are there reefs or strong currents here?
How many boats are included in this
regatta?
Can I rent a diving suit and equipment?
How much does it cost to rent a wet suit
per day?
How large is the oxygen supply?
How long will the tank last?
Where can I find an instructor?
Can I take lessons?
How deep can I dive using this wet suit?
What is the depth here?

Are there sharks or other dangerous

? ?
creatures in these waters?
? ? Are there underwater currents?

?
How can I get to the beach from here?
?

? Is the beach pebbly or sandy?
?

?
Is it safe to swim here?
?

 -
Is there an outdoor pool nearby?
? ?
? -?
. .
/ /
? ?
? ?

, . .
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?

Do you have a fitness center here?

I like swimming.
Races/Stadium
Where is the ticket window?
How much does a ticket cost?
Give me a ticket in the center stand,
please.
When does the game begin?
What's the score?
Who's winning?
Which side scored?

Which team is wearing the yellow
?
?
uniform?
? ?

Which team are you a fan of?

,
What do you think will be the final score?
? ?

, ? Who'll win today, in your opinion?
?

What horses are entered in this race?
? ?
? ? How many races are there today?

? ?

?
?
? ?
,
?
?



?
?

?
?

? ?
? ?
? ?

How many horses are running in this

race?
Which horse is the favorite in this race?
Where is the betting window?
What is the minimum bet I can place?
How many bets can one make on the next
race?
What are the odds on the favorite?
How many races has this jockey won?
What breed is this horse?
How old is the horse?
Useful words
jockey
coach



- (
-
)






/ /

? ?

? ?
? ?
? ?

? ?

? ?

? ?

?
?
? ?
. .

stableman
horserace
steeplechase
flat race
gait
trot
gallop
race
stalls
Tennis/Golf
Where can I rent clubs and a cart?
What is the greens fee?
Is the wind strong today?
What is par for this hole?
How far did you hit the ball with that
stroke?
Is it possible to rent a tennis racket?
Do I have to bring my own racket?
What is the fee to rent a court?
Do you want to play with me?
Let's play doubles.
You may hear

? ?
? ?

. .
. .

. .

Do you need a coach?

Can you swim?

? ?

Do you want to place a bet?

. .
. .

Hunting is not allowed here.

Rest area.

Make sure you've got a life jacket.

It may be dangerous.
Skis and boots can be rented.

/
/
Health/Drugstore


.
.
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.
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-.
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.
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.

.
.
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.
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.
.
.

. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.

. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

- .
.
.
.
.
.
.

Symptoms
I don't feel well.
I feel out of sorts.
I feel like throwing up.
I have a pain in my back.
I feel dizzy.
It hurts here.
I have a fever.
I feel a little better.
I have a boil.
I have asthma.
I get headaches often.
It's a sharp pain.
It hurts constantly.
It only hurts now and then.
It hurts more at night.
I have a runny nose.
I have an upset stomach.
My lymph nodes are swollen.
I dislocated my arm.
I have broken my arm.
I banged my knee.
I sprained my ankle.
I've got a bad case of athlete's foot.
I have something in my eye.
I'm suffering from insomnia.
I'm shivering.
I lost weight.
I am seasick.
I am constipated.
I was bitten.
Useful words
pain

(, ) ache

burn
cold
cough
sore throat

.
.
. .

.
.

?
?

dizziness
chills
flu
boil
fracture
strain
blister
wound
bruise
lump
burn
cut
graze
swelling
rash
sting
insect bite
stiff neck
abdominal pains
period cramps
headache
migraine headache
Seeing a doctor
I'd like to see a doctor.
I'd like to make an appointment.
I need a medical consultation.
What are the consultation hours?

I'd like an appointment for 8 a.m.

. 8 .
tomorrow.
-
?
?
? ?
, ? , ?
? ?

Where is the nearest eye specialist?

What is wrong with me?
Do you think it is serious?
Is it contagious?

-
? ?

Can you give me something to stop the

pain?

. .

I have previously received treatment for

an ulcer.

,
. .

My blood type is 0 positive.

 ,
. .
? ?
? ?

? ?

? ?
,
, ? .
. .

.
.
. .

.
.

.
.

. .



?
?

My blood type is 0 negative.

What's my temperature?
How long will it take to recover?
How long will the treatment take?
Can I continue my trip?
Can you please let my family know?
I'm farsighted.
I lost one of my contact lenses.
I lost my glasses.
I've had that test done before.
I've never had this disease before.
I've never used drugs.
Does your clinic give anonymous AIDS
tests?

. . I am taking this medicine.

. .
I am on a diet.

? Am I allowed to get out of bed?
?
, ,
, ? .

Would you please write me a prescription

for a tranquilizer?

, . , , . Please give me a prescription.

? ?

.
.

? ?


/

Where's the X-ray room?

I need to have some X-rays taken.
How much will this test cost?
Useful words
appointment
examination/check-up
prescription
treatment
analysis
X-ray

()





. .
-
? ?
. .

physical examination
nurse
indigestion
infection
migraine
nausea
rash
urinary infection
venereal disease
worms
arthritis
specimen
asthma
bronchitis
allergy
heart disease
Dentist
I need to see a dentist.
Where is the nearest dental clinic?
I've lost a filling.

. . I would like to have a tooth filled.

. , .
. .
. .
,
? .
, ,
. .
? ?
. .
, , . - .
/
/
, . , .

!
.

. .
? .

It hurts when I chew.

I've lost a tooth.
My gums hurt.
Can you fix my dentures?
Please, crown this tooth.
Is it necessary to pull it out?
Don't pull it out.
Please, do something for the pain.

Accidents/First aid
Please call a doctor.
Take me to a hospital!
I'm very seasick. Can you get a doctor?

 . .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

?
?

. .
? ?

? ?

. .
. .

. .
. .
. .

It's an emergency.
My son is hurt.
My daughter is hurt.
He is unconscious.
He is seriously injured.
I'm bleeding.
I was hit by a car.
I've lost a lot of blood.
I tripped on the steps.
I fell down the stairs.
Do I have to stay in the hospital?
Here is my medical insurance policy.
Do I need an operation?
Will I need local anesthesia?
I'm allergic to penicillin.
I have a reaction to novocaine.
I'm not allergic to any drugs.
I took these pills.
I'm allergic.
Drugstore

-
Where is the nearest all-night drugstore?
? ?
? ? What time does the drugstore open?

? ?
? ?
. .

? ?

Can you make up this prescription for me?

Shall I wait?
I'll come back for it.
Do you need a prescription for sleeping
pills?

? ? Do I need a prescription for this?

-
Can I have something for a cough?
? ?

How often should I take the medicine?
? ?

? How should this medicine be taken?
?
? ?
On an empty stomach?
? ?
After meals?
? ?
Is it suitable for children?




?
?
,
.
.
, ,
? .

()

Are there any side effects associated with

this medicine?
I would like a bottle of aspirin.
Can I have some painkillers?
Useful words
Expiration date
For external use only
Not to be taken internally
Requires a doctor's prescription
intravenous
rectal
oral
teaspoon
dosage
pill
tablet
coated tablet
effervescent tablets
pastille
capsule
ampoule
drops
liniment
mixture
syrup
suppository
powder
solution
suspension
cream
remedy
drug
pain-killer
analgesic
tranquilizer
laxative
sedative
sleeping pills
non-aspirin substitute
cough drops
ear drops

/


(SPF)

?
?
?
.
.
?
?
?
?

?
?
?
.
.
?
?
?
?

eye drops
sterilizing solution
cleaning solution
soaking solution
anti-allergy pills
anti-asthma spray
clyster
thermometer
roll bandages
adhesive plaster
moisturizing cream
hand cream
lip salve/balm
deodorant
dental floss
toothbrush
suntan cream/lotion
after-sun lotion
sun block
factor (SPF)
razor blades
aftershave
toilet paper
soap
sanitary napkins
tampons
comb
conditioner
mousse
hair spray
shampoo
baby food
baby wipes
diapers
You may hear
Do you have insurance?
Are you in pain?
Are you dizzy?
Don't move.
Relax.
How old are you?
What is your blood type?
Do you feel sick?
Did you have an accident?

 ? ?
? ?
. .
? ?

?
?

? ?
-
? ?

?
?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
. .
. .

. .

? ?

. .

?
?

.
.
, . , .

.
.

.
.
,
, .
.
? ?

What happened to you?

Do you feel OK?
Nothing serious.
Do you have diabetes?
Do you have high blood pressure?
Are you allergic to any medications?
Do you take any medications?
What medications do you take?
When did you feel bad?
When does it hurt?
Does it hurt when I touch it here?
Does it hurt when you swallow?
Here is the prescription.
Take these medicines.
You'll need a serious treatment.
Do you have any chronic diseases?
Your insurance doesn't cover such a
treatment.
Have you previously been treated for it?
You have to do some tests.
Open your mouth, please.
We'll have to extract your tooth.
You won't feel any pain.
Don't worry, it won't hurt.
Do you have a prescription?

. .

It can be taken without a prescription.

. .

It needs a prescription.

, ,
Sorry, it's a prescription drug.
. .


Beauty Care

Hair salon

I'd like to make an appointment for a
?
.
haircut.
? ?
How long will I have to wait?
? ?

Where can I sit down for a while?

. . I'd like to have a new hairdo.

. .
I want a new haircut.
,
Please cut and blow dry my hair.
. .
,
. Please shampoo and style my hair.
.
, ,
Haircut and shave, please.
. .
. .
I would like to have a haircut.
,
I would like to have my hair washed.
. .
,
, .
Cut it short, please.
.
,
, .
Just a trim, please.
.
,
Just take some off the edges.
. .
, ,
, .
Please trim my beard.
.
. .
Not too short.

Could you add some color?
? ?
,
, . A soft perm, please.
.
,
Cut a bit more off here, please.
, . .

Can you cut a little more off the neck?
? ?
, , ,
Please blow-dry my hair.
. .
, . , .
Please use gel.
. .
I'd like a short cut.
,
, . Please curl the ends inward.
.
, , ,
Please part my hair in the middle.
. .

,
.
.
,
.
.
, . , .

. .

.
.

, ? , .

?
?

. .
,
.
.
, ,
. .

Please comb my hair back from the

forehead.
Please fix the style with hair spray.
Without hair spray, please.
I would like to have my scalp massaged.
Useful words
hairdresser's
beauty salon
stylist
makeup
highlights
curls
waves
bangs
pony tail
tint
permanent tint
semi-permanent color
foil weave
spa
conditioning treatment
hair repair
carving
braiding
hair extension
nail extension
Other
I would like to have my nails polished.
Would you please pluck my eyebrows?
Do you do hair removal?
I would like my legs waxed.
I want to have a skin treatment.
I'd like you to file and shape my nails.
Useful words
classic manicure
French manicure

hot oil manicure

pedicure
Spa pedicure
nail repair
purifying/cleaning
epilation
mask
massage
peeling
You may hear

? ?
What hairdo would you like?

?
How would you like your hair cut?
?
, ,
Choose the haircut you like.
. .
? ?

Would you like to have a manicure?

? ? What color do you prefer?

-.
.
? ?
? ?
? , ?
? ?
. .

Here is our catalogue and price list.

Is it hot?
Does it burn?
How do you like it?
Would you like any hair spray?
You'll have to wait.

Calling for police

Police assistance

! !
Help!
! !
Help me!
! !
It's an emergency!
,
. Please call the police immediately.
!

I want to report an accident.
. .
. .
I've been attacked.
, , ,
Please fill out a theft report.
. .

 -
? ?
. .

. .

?
?
. .

.
.

Where is the nearest police station?

I lost my passport.
I can't find my passport anywhere.
Can I have it reissued?
My passport was stolen.
I was robbed of my passport on the
subway.

. . I was stripped of my wallet.

? ?
? ?

. .

. .
. .
. , .

? ?
? ?
? - ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
, ? , .

.
.

, .
, ?
? ?

?
?
. .

. .

? ?
? ?

Whom should I inform?

Where is the lost-and-found?
I need to call the Embassy.
I need an English-speaking lawyer.
I haven't seen anything.
I don't know who did that.
You may hear
Are you OK?
What happened?
Something wrong?
Did you call the police?
Who called the police?
Where did it happen?
Is anyone hurt?
What is missing?
I know you're upset.
I stopped you for speeding.
Can I see your passport please?
What is your address?
What is your phone number?
I do not speak your language.
You have to make an official report.
Have you checked the lost-and-found?
Are there any witnesses?

. . You'll have to pay a fine.

Ivaylo IVAYLOV
2009