CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION PAPER 1

FORM 4

1.

Given that y = 15 x(6 x ) , calculate (a) the value of x when y is maximum, (b) the maximum value of y.

[3 marks]

2.

Given that y = 4 x + x 2 , use differentiation to find the small change in y when x increases from 5 to 5.01. [3 marks] Differentiate 2 x 2 (3 x 5) 4 with respect to x. [3 marks]

3. 4.

5 Two variables, x and y are related by the equation y = 4 x . Given that y increases at a x constant rate of 3 units per second, find the rate of change of x when x = 5. [3 marks] Given that g ( x ) =
1 , evaluate g(1). ( 2 x 4) 2 [4 marks]

5.

6.

2 3 h + 6h , where h is the height in 3 cm, of the water in the container. Water is poured into the container at the rate of 5 cm3 s1. Find the rate of change of the height of water, in cm s1, at the instant when its height is 3 cm. [3 marks] The volume of water, V cm3, in a container is given by V = The point R lies on the curve y = ( x 3) 2 . It is given that the gradient of the normal at R is 1 [3 marks] . Find the coordinates of R. 6 It is given that y = 4 3 dy in terms of x. u , where u = 5 x 2. Find 5 dx [3 marks]

7.

8. 9.

Given that y = 2 x 2 + 3 x 4, dy (a) find the value of when x = 3, dx (b) express the approximate change in y, in terms of m, when x changes from 1 to 1 + m, where m is a small value. [4 marks] The curve y = f(x) is such that dy = 5 px + 2 , where p is a constant. The gradient of the curve dx at x = 2 is 10. Find the value of p. [2 marks]

10.

11.

The curve y = x2 28x + 52 has a minimum point at x = k, where k is a constant. Find the value of k. [3 marks]

49

CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION

FORM 4

ANSWERS PAPER 1 Marks 1. a) y = 15x (6 x) = 90x 15x2 dy = 90 30 x dx dy = 0, 90 30 x = 0 dx 30x = 90 x=3 # y = 15(3)(6 3) = 135 # y = 4x + x2 dy = 4 + 2x dx dy x = 5, = 4 + 2(5) dx = 14 dy x = y dx = 14 0.01 = 0.14 # 2 x 2 (3x 5) 4 Let y = dy = 2 x 2 [4(3 x 5) 3 (3)] + (3 x 5) 4 (4 x) dx = 24 x 2 (3 x 5) 3 + 4 x(3x 5) 4

b)

1 1

2.

1 1

3.

1 1 1

= = 4. y = =

4 x(3 x 5) 3 [6 x + (3x 5)] 4 x(3 x 5) 3 (9 x 5) # 5 4 x = 4 x 5 x 1 x 5 4+ 2 x dy dx dx dt 5 dx (4+ 2 ) x dt 5 dx (4+ 2 ) 5 dt 1 dx 4 5 dt 5 unit per second # 7

dy dx dy dt 3 3 3 dx dt

= = = = =

1
50

CHAPTER 9 5. g(x) = g (x) = = g(x) = = g(1) = = = 6. V dV dt dV dt 5 dh dt = = = = =

= 7.

DIFFERENTIATION (2 x 4) 2 2(2 x 4) 3 (2) 4(2 x 4) 3 12(2 x 4) (2) 24(2 x 4) 4 24(2) 4 24 16 3 # 2 2 3 h + 6h 3

2 h 2 +6
4

FORM 4

1 1

dV dh dh dt ( 2 h 2 +6 )
2

dh dt
1 1

y dy dx

5 2(3 ) + 6 5 cms 1 @ 0.2083 cms 1 # 24 ( x 3) 2

2(x 3) 1 6 6 6 (6 3) 2 9

Given gradient of normal = 2(x 3) x y

8.

dy dx 9. a) y

= = = = R (6, 9) # 4 3 = u 5 4 = (5 x 2) 3 5 12 = (5 x 2) 2 5 5 = 12(5 x 2) 2 # = 2 x 2 + 3x 4

1 1 1

1
51

CHAPTER 9 dy dx = 4x + 3 dy dx m dy dx

DIFFERENTIATION

FORM 4

When x = 3, b)

= =

4(3) + 3 15 # 1

x y x y x = 1, m y

4(1) + 3 = 7 7m # = = = = 5px + 2 10 8 4 # 5 x 2 28 x + 52

1 1

10.

dy dx 5p(2) + 2 10p p

11.

y = dy = 2x 28 dx Minimum point at x = k : 2(k) 28 = 0 2k = 28 k = 14 #

1 1 1

52

CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION

FORM 4

PAPER 2

1.

Diagram shows a conical container of diameter 0.8 m and height 0.6 m. Water is poured into the container at a constant rate of 0.3 m3 s1. 0.8 m

0.6 m

water

Calculate the rate of change of the height of the water level at the instant when the height of 1 the water level is 0.4 m. (Use = 3.142; Volume of a cone = r 2 h ) [4 marks] 3

2.

4 which passes through A(2, 5). (2 x 3) 2 Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point A. Diagram shows part of the curve y =

[4 marks]

A(2, 5)

y=

4 (2 x 3) 2

53

CHAPTER 9 3.

DIFFERENTIATION
x2 + 3 at A(2, 5). 2

FORM 4

In the diagram, the straight line PQ is a normal to the curve y =

P A(2, 5)

O Find the value of k.

Q(k, 0)

[3 marks]

4.

Diagram shows part of the curve y = k(x 2)3, where k is a constant. The curve intersects the straight line x = 4 at point A. dy At point A, [3 marks] = 36. Find the value of k. dx

y = k(x 2)3 A

O x=4

54

CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION

FORM 4

5.

Diagram shows the curve y = x2 + 3 and the tangent to the curve at the point P(1, 5). Calculate the equation of the tangent at P. [3 marks]

y y=x +3
2

P(1, 5)

x O

55

CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION

FORM 4

ANSWERS PAPER 2

1.
0.4 m

r h r

= =

0. 4 0. 6 4 2 h= h 6 3

r 0.6 m h

= = =

dV dh dV dh 4 2 h 9

= = =

2.

y dy dx

4 (3.142)(0.4) 2 = 9 dh = dt = 4(2 x 3) 2 = =

1 2 r h 3 1 2 2 ( h) h 3 3 4 h 3 27 4 2 h 9 dV dt dt dh dt 0.3 dh dt 0.3 dh 1.343 ms 1 #

8(2 x 3) 3 (2) 16 (2 x 3) 3 16 [2(2) 3]3 16 = 16( x 2 ) = 16x + 32 = 16x + 37 # 1

At A (2, 5) ,

dy dx

= = y5 y

1 1 1

3.

y =
dy = dx

x +3 2 x dy =2 dx

At point A(2 , 5),

56

CHAPTER 9

DIFFERENTIATION Gradient of normal, m2 = 1 2

FORM 4

4.

y dy dx When x = 4, dy dx 3k (4 2) 2 3k k y dy dx dy At P (1,5), dx y5 y

05 1 = k 2 2 10 = k + 2 k = 12 # = k ( x 2) 3 = = 36 : = 36 = 9 = 3 # = x2 + 3 = = = = = = 2x 2(1) 2 2 (x 1) 2x 2 2x + 3 # 3k ( x 2) 2

1 1

1 1

5.

1 1 1

57