Climate Condition Dissolved salts

Physical Composition

Location of Earth Pit Effect of grain size and its distribution Effect of current magnitude

Moisture

Soil Condition

Area Available

Soil Resistivity

Factors affecting on Earth resistivity

Obstructions

RMU Installation Plinth Top View

800 mm 200 mm
300 mm 300 mm 200 300 300mm mm

1800 mm

100

200 mm

700 mm

300 mm

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY AT DIVISIONS(BRPL)

Dy General Manager Division

AM/Mgr/Sr Mgr subdivision

AM/Mgr/Sr Mgr subdivision GET/DET

AM/Mgr/Sr Mgr subdivision

GET/DET Lineman/ Fitter

GET/DET

GET/DET Lineman/ Fitter

GET/DET

GET/DET Lineman/ Fitter

Lineman/ Fitter

Lineman/ Fitter

Lineman/ Fitter

MINIMUM APPROACH DISTANCES

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

N/C-MPCB
C11

Ia Ib Ic
N/C-MPCB

C31

Ia+Ib+Ic=0
N/C-MPCB

If
C51

C71

Ia+Ib+Ic=0

Safety Quality
Network Securitization

Pillars of BRPL

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Fuses

Over current and earth fault

Differential

Distance

Miscellaneous protection
1.under and over voltage 2.under and over frequency 3.A special relay for generators, transformers, motors etc. 4.Control relays: autoreclose, tap change control, etc. 5.Tripping and auxiliary relays

For LV Systems, Distribution Feeders and Transformers, VTs, Auxiliary Supplies

1.Non-Directional 2.Direction

For feeders, Busbars, Transformers, Generators etc 1.High Impedance 2.Low Impedance 3.Restricted E/F 4.Biased 5.Pilot Wire

For transmission and subtransmission lines and distribution feeders, also used as back-up protection for transformers and generators without signaling with signaling to provide unit protection e.g.: 1.Time-stepped distance protection 2.Permissive under-reach protection (PUP) 3.Permissive overreach protection (POP) 4.Unblocking overreach protection (UOP) 5.Blocking overreach protection (BOP) 6.Power swing blocking 7.Phase comparison for transmission lines 8.Directional comparison for transmission lines

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Ungrounded System
R

Phase R&Y are line to line voltage above ground due to fault

Each Phase is at line to neutral voltage above ground

Neutral point is created by distributive capacitance

Phase B is at ground & no fault current flows as there is no return path to the source

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Surge Arrester

OLTC

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

10

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

11

HT Line Components

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

12

ASCR

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

13

AB Cable

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

14

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

15

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

16

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

17

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

18

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

19

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

20

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

21

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

22

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

23

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

24

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

25

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

26

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

27

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

28

200

128

DANGER
45 15 150 45
Not <6mm Dia, GI Bolt to be used 415 in local Language

25

50 15 45

60

415

VOLTS
45
Equivalent of volts in local Language

15

15

DANGER in Local Language

70

25

200

128

25

45 15 150 45
Not <6mm Dia, GI Bolt to be used 415 in local Language

50 15 45

60

415

45

S
15

15

Equivalent of volts in local Language

DANGER in Local Language

70

25

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

29

250

140

DANGER
65 20 200 65
Not <6mm Dia, GI Bolt to be used 415 in local Language

25

60 20 50

65

11000

VOLTS
65
Equivalent of volts in local Language

20

20

DANGER in Local Language

100

35

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

30

250

100

35

65 20 200 65
Not <6mm Dia, GI Bolt to be used 415 in local Language

60 20 50

65

I I000

65

S
20

20

Equivalent of volts in local Language

DANGER in Local Language

100

35

Quality, Safety & Network Securitization, BRPL

31