Statistics Department Fourth Year Statistical Quality Control Sheet (3) Sequential Sampling Plans

_________________________________________________________________
Q1: Calculate (if necessary) and then choose one alternative that best completes the given statement. 1. A sequential attribute sampling plan for testing whether the quality level is 0.01 (good quality) or 0.05 (bad quality) is used in a retail store. After m items are inspected, the lot is rejected if the number of defective items dm is greater than 2.32+0.025m and accepted if the -1.52+0.025m. The producer and consumer number of defective items dm is smaller than risks for this plan are: A) (0.01 and 0.05) C) (0.02 and 0.05) B) (0.02 and 0.08) D) (0.01 and 0.08)

2. A sequential attribute sampling plan for testing whether the quality level is 0.01 (good quality) or 0.05 (bad quality) is used in a retail store. After m items are inspected, the lot is rejected if the number of defective items dm is greater than 2.32+0.025m and accepted if the number of defective items dm is smaller than -1.52+0.025m. Using Wald's approximation, the Average Outgoing Quality when p=0.025 is: A) 0.025 C) 0.015 Q2: Answer the following questions 1- Derive an item-by-item sequential sampling plan for: a- p1 =0.01, =0.05, p2=0.1&=0.1. b- p1 =0.02, =0.05, p2=0.15&=0.1. 2- An item-by-item sequential sampling plan is desired with a producers risk of 0.03 at AQL=0.012 and a consumers risk of 0.08 at RQL=0.063. a- Find the equations of acceptance and rejection lines . b- Explain the operation of the plan. B) 0.604 D) None of the pervious

3- Find the form of the sequential probability ratio test for the testing of Ho:=1 against H1: =2 for the Poisson distribution, where 1<2.Assume that we want the test to be set up so m that d m = i =1 xi is plotted against m. Design a SPRT for the previous test for =0.05, =0.1, 1=0.5& 2 =1.5. 4- Consider the problem of designing a procedure for accepting and rejecting lots consisting of machines designed to do a particular operation. A machine is tested by having the machine do the operation repeatedly until the machine fails at the operation .The variable X recorded for each machine tested is the number of operations performed until a failure occurs .It is assumed that successive operations are independent with a probability of failure p & this implies that X has a geometric distribution. As machines from a lot are tested, a sequence of independent geometric random variables X1,X2,..is generated(it is assumed that machines are independent). Let p1 be an acceptable value for p & p2 an un-acceptable value for p (p1< p2 ). Consider the application of an SPRT to this sequence of random variables to decide whether to accept or reject a lot. Find the general form of the SPRT for testing Ho:p= p 1against H1: p= p 2 5- A sequential sampling plan is used in a retail store to accept or reject incoming lots. According to this plan, the manager of the store continues sampling after m inspected items as long as m 2 < i =1 ( xi 1) < 3
.

0 if the item is extremely defective if the item is mildly defective where xi = 1 2 if the item is not defective Previous knowledge confirms that the percent of incoming extremely defective items is 0.1, the percent of incoming mildly defective items is 0.1, and the percent of incoming nondefective items is 0.8.
a- For this plan, what is the transition probability matrix Q? b- Use the Markov Chain approach to find the ASN and AOQ for this plan if you know that the matrix 1.250 1.248 0.156 1.404 1 ( I R) = 0.019 0.173 0.002 0.019 where R is the transit-to-transit probability matrix 1.231 1.384 1.404 0.156 1.094 1.231 1.248 1.250

6- Consider a sequential sampling plan with = 4 ,a=-1,r=1,k=1,p=0.2 a- Find the transition probability matrix Q. b- Find pa, ASN and AOQ, if you know that

( I R) 1

1.17 1.08 0.97 = 0.87 0.69 0.55 0.44

0.22 1.35 1.22 1.08 0.87 0.69 0.55

0.27 0.43 1.52 1.35 1.08 0.87 0.69

0.34 0.54 0.65 1.69 1.35 1.08 0.87

0.13 0.41 0.57 0.65 1.52 1.22 0.97

0.07 0.17 0.11 0.41 0.13 0.54 0.34 0.43 0.27 1.35 0.22 1.08 1.17 0.11

7- Consider a sequential sampling plan with the following parameters: S=0.5, a=-1,r=1&k=1. a- For the sequential sampling plan, find the ASN at p=0.5, if you know that

( I R)

1.5 1 0.5 2 1 = 1 0 . 5 1 1 . 5

b- Consider a single sampling plan having the same OC curve as the plan in part (a). Suppose also that n=50 for this single sampling plan. Would you prefer this plan or the plan in part (a). 8- A sequential sampling plan is used in a retail store to accept or reject incoming lots. According to this plan, the manager of the store continues sampling after m inspected items as long as r a m < i =1 (xi 1) < k k 0 if the item is not defective where , a, r, and k are as defined in class, and xi = if the item is defective 1

The transition probability matrix for this sequential plan if p=0.3 is:

 States - 2 -1 0 Q= 1 2 - 3 3

-2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

-1 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

-3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.0

a- For this plan, if the acceptable quality level is p1 and rejectable quality level is p2, such that p 2 (1 p1 ) = e 2 , find the producer and consumer risks? p1 (1 p 2 ) b- Use the Markov Chain approach to find the ASN at p=0.3, if you know that:

( I R) 1

1.417 1.389 = 1.324 1.173 0.821

0.595 0.243 0.092 0.028 1.984 0.811 0.308 0.092 1.892 2.135 0.811 0.243 ,where R is the transit-to 1.676 1.892 1.984 0.595 1.173 1.324 1.389 1.417

transit probability matrix.

c- Design a single sampling plan with the same producer and consumer risks you calculated in the first part if you know that p1=0.01 and the producer risk should be satisfied exactly? Use the cumulative Poisson distribution table to help you design this plan. d-Which plan do you prefer? the single plan or the sequential plan, and why? 9- A sequential sampling plan is used in a retail store to accept or reject incoming lots. According to this plan, the manager of the store continues sampling after m inspected items as long as m 2 < i =1 (2 xi 1) < 2

0 where xi = 1

if the item is not defective if the item is defective

a- For this plan, if the acceptable quality level is p1 and rejectable quality level is p2, such that p 2 (1 p1 ) = e 2 , find the producer and consumer risks? p1 (1 p 2 ) b- Use the Markov Chain approach to find the ASN and AOQ at p=0.3

10- The general form of the sequential probability ratio test for the testing of Ho:=1 against H1: =2 for the Poisson distribution is to continue sampling after sample m if: m a < ln( Lm) = i =1 ( xi k ks) < r , and to stop sampling and making a decision of accepting or

rejecting the lot otherwise, where : k=ln(2/ 1) and s= (2- 1)/k .Use Wald's approximation to obtain an approximation to: a- Pa b- ASN c- ATI d- Assuming that =0.05. =0.01, 1=1, 2=5, N=2000,find the Pa, ASN and ATI at =1.5 if you know that the non-zero value for t satisfying exp(-kst) exp( (etk-1)) =1 is 0.582375 . e-How would your answer in d change if =2.485?
11- Using Wald's approximation, calculate an approximation to the ASN, ATI and AOQ for 3.97 % defective lots if you know that: N=2000, p1=0.01, p2=0.1, =0.1. =0.05. 12- The general form of the sequential probability ratio test for testing Ho :p=p1 against H1: p=p2 for the Geometric distribution is to continue sampling after sample m if: m a < ln( Lm) = i =1 ( xi k ks) < r , and to stop sampling and making a decision of accepting or

p1(1 p 2) rejecting the lot otherwise, where : k=ln((1-p2) / (1-p1)) and s= ln / k . Use p 2(1 p1) Wald's approximation to obtain an approximation to: a- Pa b- ASN c- ATI d- Assuming that =0.1, =0.05, p1=0.01, p2=0.08, N=2000 find the Pa, ASN and ATI for pe tk p=0.06 if you know that the non-zero value for t satisfying e kst =1 is 1 (1 p)e tk 0.61379. e- How would your answer in d change if p=0.034049?
13- An item-by-item sequential variable sampling plan with a USL is desired to have a producers risk of 0.03& a consumers risk of 0.08. Find the equations of the acceptance and rejection lines if you know that =0.03,=0.08,1=2,2=3& =3.

14- Consider a SPRT for a variable sampling plan to test the hypothesis Ho:= 1 against H1: = 2 .Assume that X1,X2,are iid N(,2) with known value of 2. Find the form of the sequential probability ratio test assuming a lower specification limit. 15- A sequential variable sampling plan is used to test H0: =1 vs H1: =2. Assume that =0.05, p1=0.001, =0.10, and p2=0.01. Assume also that USL=4000 and =200. Determine

the acceptable and rejectable limits for xi .

i =1

16- Suppose that the quality characteristic X is a normal random variable. Suppose also that =0.05, =0.1, 1=2, 2=4, =2 and N=1000.Use Wald's approximation to approximate the ASN and the ATI in the following cases:

a-At =3. b-At =1.5.

17- Suppose that a certain electronic component has a useful life described by an exponential distribution with parameter . The mean time to failure of this component is equal to 1/. Let 1 be an acceptable value for & 2 an un-acceptable value for (1< 2).Consider the problem of designing a procedure for accepting and rejecting lots consisting of these electronic components. The variable X recorded for each electronic component is the time to failure of this component.

a- Consider the application of an SPRT to this sequence of independent random variables to decide whether to accept or reject a lot. Find the general form of the SPRT for testing Ho: = 1against H1: = 2 . b- Use Wald's approximation to approximate the ASN and the probability of acceptance.
18- Suppose that 1=0.5, 2=3, =0.05, =0.1. If you know that the non-zero value for t 1 satisfying e [ln( 6 )] t = 1 is t= -0.72927, use the formulas you derived in question 5 to 1+ t compute the probability of acceptance and ASN at:

a- =2.5 b- =1.395