A Project Report On

Railway Reservation System

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award

Of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (CAM)

SUBMITTED BYRoman kattel BBA CAM 2nd ( Evening ) 03221001911

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms. Shivani Gupta Asst. Prof. ( IT )

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

(Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A study or a project of this volume can never be an outcome or a single person. We our indebted to our subject teacher Miss.SHIVANI GUPTA for being the epitome of guidance during the entire project. We are also thankful to our parents for their Encouragement. Without their help this project would not have seen the light of day. We are happy to present a vote of thanks to them for their sincere advice and co-operation that they have lent us unconditionally.

DIKSHA SHARMA BBA CAM 2ND (EVENING) 01821001911

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ROMAN KATTEL(032) pursuing B.B.A (CAM) from IDEAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY has completed this file under my supervision and guidance. He has taken care of all necessary aspects and shown interest and utmost sincerity during the completion of the project file to my full satisfaction. I clarify that the project is up to my expectation as per the guidance laid down by the GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY (GGSIPU).

Miss. SHIVANI GUPTA ( ASST.PROFESSOR,it)

CONTENTS
S.NO 1. INTRODUCTION CONTENTS

2.

FEASIBILITY STUDY 2.1 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY 2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY 2.3 BEHAVIOURAL FEASIBILITY

3. 4.

PROJECT REQUIREMENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM 4.2 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 4.3 DFD

5.

PLANNING 5.1 PROJECT PLAN

6.

DESIGN 6.1 PROCESS 6.2 METHODOLOGY 6.3 DATA BASE DESIGN 6.4 LOGIN DESIGN

7.

IMPLEMENTATION

8. 9.

TESTING CONCLUSION

10. APPENDIX 11. BIBLOGRAPHY 12. SYNOPSIS

1.INTRODUCTION
Software has to be developed for automating the manual railway reservation system. The system should have distributed functionalities as described below:-

RESERVE SEAT:- A passenger should be able to reserve a seat in the train specified by him if available. For this he has to fill a reservation form with the details about his journey. The clerk checks for the availability of the seat in the train and if the seat is available then he makes entries regarding train name, train number, date of journey, boarding station, destination. The passenger is the asked to pay the fair .After making payment the passenger can collect the ticket from the clerk. CANCEL RESERVATION:-There may arise a case when the passenger wants to cancel his reservation .For this he has to fill a cancellation form providing all the details about the ticket reserved by him. The clerk then checks for the entries from the database and cancels the reservation finally returning the ticket amount with some deduction. UPDATE TRAIN INFORMATION & REPORT GENERATION: - Only the Administrator has the right to make changes in train details(train name, train no. etc.).The system should also be able to generate report when needed in the form of reservation charts, train schedule charts etc. LOGIN: Only the user with specified login id & password can get access to the system. This provides security from unauthorized access.

2. FEASIBILITY STUDY

2.1 Economic feasibility: In the system, the organization is most satisfied by economic feasibility. Because, if the organization implements this system, it does not require any additional hardware resources as well as it will be saving lot of time. 2.2 Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centres on the existing manual system of the test Management process and to what extent it can support the system. According to feasibility analysis procedure the technical feasibility of the system is analyzed and the technical requirements such as software facilities, procedure, inputs are identified. It is also one of the important phases of the system development activities. 2.3 Behavioural feasibility: People are inherently resistant to change and computer has been known to facilitate changes. An estimate should be made of how strong the user is likely to move towards the development of computerized system. These are various levels of users in order to ensure proper authentication and authorization and security of sensitive data of the organization

3.Software Requirement Specification:

3.1. Intoduction:

This project introduces railway reservation system . It explains how reservation is being done in Indian Railways . The step by step procedure is explained. Allmost all the header files have been used in this project. Proper comments have been given at desired locations to make the project user friendly. Various functions and structures are used to make a complete use of this language. Thos project is well versed with the programming . Railway reservation can easily accompanied with the help of this. PROPOSED SYSTEM Today one cannot afford to rely on the fallible human beings of be really wants to stand against todays merciless competition where not to wise saying to err is human no longer valid, its outdated to rationalize your mistake. So, to keep pace with time, to bring about the best result without malfunctioning and greater efficiency so to replace the unending heaps of flies with a much sophisticated hard disk of the computer. One has to use the data management software. Software has been an ascent in atomization various organizations. Many software products working are now in markets, which have helped in making the organizations work easier and efficiently. Data management initially had to maintain a lot of ledgers and a lot of paper work has to be done but now software product on this organization has made their work faster and easier. Now only this software has to be loaded on the computer and work can be done. This prevents a lot of time and money. The work becomes fully automated and any information regarding the organization can be obtained by clicking the button. Moreover, now its an age of computers of and automating such an organization gives the better look.

Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to describe the railway reservation system which provides the train timing details ,billing, reservation and cancellation on various types of reservation namely. Confirm reservation for confirm seat. Reservation against cancellation. Waiting list reservation. Online reservation. Tatkal reservation. Document Conventions: Main heading: Bold Intended Audience and reading suggestions: The different types of readers are: (a).Customers (b).Developers (c).Management people Specifically, Passengers Counter clerk Definitions, Acronyms,and Abbreviation: Following abbreviation has been used throughout this document: PRS:Passenger reservation system. NTES:National train enquiry system IVRS:Voice Response System Train Details Reservation Form Billing Cancellation Scope Passenger Revenue Enhancement. Improved and Optimized service

Defination The systems development life cycle is a project management technique that divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases. Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the successful completion of project phases before allocating resources to subsequent phases. Software development projects typically include initiation, planning, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases. However, the phases may be divided differently depending on the organization involved. For example, initial project activities might be designated as request, requirements-definition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-development, and planning phases. End users of the system under development should be involved in reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to deliver the needed functionality. Overview It enables passenger to book or check ticket available and also helps to cancel tickets. Additional information T heir timing number of seat available, and reservation billing and canceling the ticket.

General Description
The Railway Reservation System (RRS) is a system which helps a passenger or a user to check train status and can book tickets and also can cancel his ticket who holds the ticket.

User Interface: Key Board and Mouse.

Hardware Interface: I. OPERATING SYSTEM: Window XP II. PROCESSOR: 1. PENTIUM (ANY) OR AMD ATHALON (3800+- 4200+ DUALCORE) III. MOTHERBOARD: 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM IV. RAM: 512MB+ V. Hard disk: Sata 40 GB or above VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo VII. FLOPPY DRIVE 1.44 MB VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch IX. Printer SOFTWARE INTERFACE: Front end -> Visual Basic Back end -> MS-Access

2.1.1 User Interface: Key Board and Mouse.

Hardware Interface: I. OPERATING SYSTEM: Window XP II. PROCESSOR: 1. PENTIUM (ANY) OR AMD ATHALON (3800+- 4200+ DUALCORE) III. MOTHERBOARD: 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM IV. RAM: 512MB+ V. Hard disk: Sata 40 GB or above VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo VII. FLOPPY DRIVE 1.44 MB VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch IX. Printer 2.1.3 SOFTWARE INTERFACE: Front end -> Visual Basic Back end -> MS-Access Communication Interfaces Indian railways websit PRS enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability, Passenger status, fare, train schedule etc. Mobile telephone based SMS inquiry service. Setting up of voice response system. Operating Environment: The OS types are: Windows NT Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7

Operations: Any reservation counters from 8 pm to 8am. Prior to 60 days of journey. One form for six persons. Reserved ticket done through pre defined logic. Product Functions: It tells the short note about the product. Train Details: Customers may view the train timing at a date their name and number of tickets. Reservation: After checking the number of seats available the customers reserve the ticket. Billing: After reserving the required amount of tickets, the customer paid the amount. Cancelation: If the customer want to cancel the ticket then 10% of the amount per person is deducted. User characteristics: Knowledge user No voice user Expert user Constraints Less than 1 sec for local transactions. 3 sec for network transaction. Uptime of PRS is 99.5+%. SOFTWARE CONSTRAINTS: Designing->Rational Rose

EXTERNAL INTERFACES Train Delay Alert Service. Booking Terminals Interactive voice Response System. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS: It is available during all 24 hours. Offered through Mail express, superfast, Rajdhani& Shatbdi Trains. About 1600 trains run daily. Variety of compartments based on comfort: Ac first class AC sleeper. First class. AC three tier. AC chair car. Sleeper class. Ordinary chair car. Types of concerns and complexities: 44 types of quotas. 8 types of trains. 9 types of class. 162 types of concessions. 127 types of bogies.

Software system Attributes: Reliable. Available. Secure. Document Approval The bill passed on any proposal related to railway management needs approval of ministry of railway department.

GENERAL: How can I avail internet reservation facility through credit cards? Why are PNR and reservation availability queries not available after certain timings at night? Why do I get "Network connectivity failures", while doing PNR and seat availability queries? How can I avail the enquiries, through SMS on mobile phones? Why do sometimes the fonts, colors schemes and java scripts behave differently in some browsers? Where can I get the latest arrival and departure timings of trains, when they get delayed? Where can I lodge complaint against any type of grievances in the Trains/Platforms/officials, on this web site and how do I report the problems on this web site and give suggestions? NEED SPECIFIC: How do I use "Trains between important stations"? Railway Rules / Passenger Services Journey planning Knowing station codes Knowing train numbers PLEASE NOTE: The site maintenance activities takes place from 2300hrs to 0500 hrs (Indian Standard Time) daily. During this period information will not be available. Also, note that since the system is shut for maintenance activities no status changes take place during this period. INTERNET RESERVATION FACILITY THROUGH CREDIT CARDS: Recently internet reservation facility has started on Indian Railways. The web site http://www.irctc.co.in is operational, wherein you can get the railway reservation done through Credit Cards.For more on Reservation through credit cards click here Internet Reservation ONLINE PNR AND SEAT AVAILABILITY QUERY TIMINGS: The online PNR and seat availability queries are fetched from the computerized reservation applications, which are open to public from 08:00 hrs. IST to 20:00 hrs IST on weekdays and from 0800 hrs IST to 1400 hrs IST on SUNDAYS. These online reservation applications are shut down daily around 2300 hrs IST and booted around 0500 IST hrs on weekdays. On SUNDAYS the shutdown is done earlier.

Due to the dynamic changes taking place in the PNR status updation and the availability positions, these two types of queries have to be fetched from the online reservation applications, hence the non- availability of them after certain timings. The sheer size of these databases does not allow them to be copied over network lines.Please note that the web site is functional 24 hrs. a day and other queries (trains between any two stations, fare queries, etc.) are functional throughout the day. NETWORK CONNECTIVITY FAILURES: Please read the above paragraph. As mentioned in it, for the PNR and seat availability queries, the result is fetched from the computerized reservation applications at the five sites, viz. New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Secunderabad. If there is any network link failure, or if the network lines are very congested, then this error message is displayed. It might so happen, that you are getting seat availability and PNR information for say trains originating from New Delhi and Kolkata, but not for trains originating from Mumbai. SMS SERVICES: Now all the enquiries offered on the web site www.indianrail.gov.in are available on your mobile phone through SMS facility. For more information on the mobile service providers and the key words to be used on the mobile, please click here, SMS help . Please note that we are giving the backend service only for the SMS queries. For more information and help on key words and SMS facility, kindly contact the mobile service provider according to the table. PREFERRED BROWSER: This web site is best viewed with Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 and above. It might not give desired results with other browsers. All the pages, color schemes and scripts have been tested for IE 6.0 and above. The latest arrival and departure timings of delayed trains, alongwith diverted routes etc. will be made available shortly on this web site only. LATEST ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE TIMINGS : The latest arrival and departure timings of delayed trains, alongwith diverted routes etc. will be made available shortly on this web site only. GRIEVANCES AGAINST AMENITIES IN TRAINS/ PLATFORMS /OFFICIALS. SUGGESTIONS FOR WEB SITE: The complaint software is presently under development. We try our best to forward your grievances to the concerned department. However please

note that this is not always possible. Please note that all your complaints and suggestions for the improvement of the web site http://www.indianrail.gov.in can be put on the Feedback & suggestions page. Please note that, in case of any problems, give the query type (hyper link), the inputs which you gave, and the exact error message generated by this web site. All this will help us in solving the problems quickly. In the absence of such inputs, we can't solve the problems. TRAINS BETWEEN IMPORTANT STATIONS: On activating this option you will be prompted to select the source and destination from the drop down list box. Also select the appropriate class of travel and click get it. This option displays a list of all trains that ply between the mentioned station pair along with the classes, arrival and departure time and days of run. After selecting a train and corresponding classes of relevance it is possible to find the availability, fare and route of the train using the available buttons. NOTE : If station you are looking for is not in the important trains list, please use the "station_code" enquiry, to get the station codes and then use the query for Trains between source and destinayion. ( TIP : This is the most exhustive option and is of great help in planning a journey) PASSENGER STATUS : This option displays the current status of a booked ticket. Please note that in case there is any change in the staus after chart preparation it will not be available through the system and can be known only at the station, which in effect means that the status indicated by the system after the chart preparation will not be further updated. CONCESSIONAL FARE ENQUIRY FOR A TRAIN : This option displays a complete breakup of the fare for valid classes of a train and a pair of stations. Note that valid classes depends on the pair of stations and the entered concession code. It is also possible to view the fare for different age groups. Availability for this train can also be obtained from here using the available buttons.

STATION CODES : This option helps you to obtain the list of station codes of those stations where the station name matches the input sub-string. This offers the option of searching for stations names which start with the input string or which some where in their name contain the input string. You may see the output sorted on either the station name or code. TRAIN SCHEDULE : On activating this option you will be prompted to enter few characters of either the Train name or Train number of the train you are interested in. On submitting the query a list of all trains that match the entered characters will be displayed along with their respective source and destination details. Now from here you may select the train of your requirement and then click on the button labled as Get Route. This will display the complete route of the selected train along with arrival & departure details. PASSENGER SERVICE INFORMATION : This has a list of :
Reservation rules Refund rules Break journey rules Name change rules Tatkal trains Special Trains Season tickets Class codes Quota codes Booking locations Travel agents Luggage Rules International tourists Royal Orient Train Shivalik Deluxe Train Shivalik Palace Train Shivalik Queen Train

JOURNEY PLANNING : Step 1: Using the menu option 'Trains / Berths / Full Fare' get the list of train numbers.

Note : If you know the station code you can also directly enter the codes after clicking on 'Know Station Codes ! Click here', Otherwise just enter 2-3 characters of the station names you are interested in (in the source and destination station fields). This will prompt you with valid station codes as per the input strings out which you can select stations that satisfy your requirement. Step 2: Click on 'Get It'. Step 3: If there are no trains between the specified pair of stations you will be prompted with an error. Step 4: After you see the list of trains, enter the desired date of journey and select the train of your choice using the radio button next to the desired train number. Also select the desires class. You are now in the capacity to get the Availability, Fare, Route Information for the selected train using the buttons provided both on the top and bottom of the table

4.Software analysis
4.1Use case diagram

UPDATE TRAIN INFO.

REPORT GENERATION

(admin)

LOGIN

VIEW RESERVATION STATUS

VIEW TRAIN SCHEDULES

(passenger)

RESERVE SEATS (clerk) CACELLATIONS

4.2CONTEXT DIAGRAM or 0 level DFD

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is used widely for modeling the requirement. They have been used for many years prior to the advent of computer. DFDs show the flow of data through the system. The system may be a company, an organization, a set of procedural, a computer hardware system, a software system, or any combination of the preceding.

Data Flow Diagram

4.3ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

The entity relationship diagram shows the relationship between the entities .

5. PLAN
5.1GANTT CHART A Gantt chart is very useful tool used for planning and scheduling projects. A Gantt chart helps in identifying the tasks involved, the estimated length of time each task will take and the sequence in which those tasks have to be performed. It is a graphic display of the duration of a set of activities constructed with a horizontal axis representing the total time span of the project, broken down and increments and a vertical axis representing the tasks that make up the project. Horizontal bars of varying lengths represent the sequences, timing and time span for each task. The Gantt chart representing the project schedule is given below:

6. DESIGN
Design activity begins when the requirement document for the software is developed. Desigining is the first step in moving from the problem domain towards the solution domain.It is essentially the bridge between the requirement specification and final solution for satisfying the requirement.The goal of the design process is to produced a model or representation of a system which can be used later to build that system. The produced model is called the design of the system.The design of the system is essentially a blue print or a plan for a solution for the system. 6.1 DESIGN PROCESS HAS TWO LEVELS: SYSTEM DESIGN DETAILED DESIGN SYSTEM DESIGN:System design is also known as top level design. At this level the focus is on deciding which modules are needed for the system, specification of these modules and how these modules should be interconnected. DETAILED DESIGN:In this level the internal design of the module or how the specification of the module can be satisfied is decided. This level is also known as logic design. It I

6.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY:It is the systematic approach to creating a design by applying a set of techniques and guidelines. The input to the design phase is the specification for the system to be design. These specifications must be stable have been approved complete consistent and unambiguous. The output of the top level design phase is the architectural design, for the software system to be built.

THE DESIGN CAN BE: FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OBJECT ORIENTED

FUNCTION DESIGN:In function oriented design, the design consist of module definition with each module supporting a functional abstraction. The system is viewed as transformation function, Transforming the input to the desire output. The purpose of the design phase is to specify the component for this transformation function, so that each component is also a transformation function.Hence the basic output of the system design phase is the definition of all the measure data structure, all the major module of the system and how these modules interact with each other.

OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN:Object Oriented has clearly become the buzzword of choice in the industry. Almost everyone talks about it. Almost everyone claims to be doing it, and almost everyone says it is better than traditional function oriented design. Object oriented design is the result of focusing attention not on the function performed by the program, but instead on the data that are to be manipulated by the program. Thus, it is orthogonal to function oriented design.Object oriented design begins with an examination of the real world Things that are part of the problem to be solved. These things( which we will call objects ) are characterized individually in terms of their attributes (transient state information) and behavior (functional process information). Each object maintains its own states , and offers a set of services to others object share data areas are eliminated and objects communicate by message .Passing (e.g. parameters ) . Objects are independent entities that may readily be changed because all state and representation information is held within the objects itself.

7. Implementation

Once the design is complete most of the major decisions about the system have been made. The goal of the implementation phase is to translate the design of the system into code in a given programming language. The implementation phase affects both testing and maintenance profoundly. Well-written code can reduce the testing and maintenance effort. Because the testing and maintenance cost of the software are much higher than the coding cost. The goal of the coding should be to reduce the testing and maintenance effort. Simplicity and clarity should be strived for during the implementation phase.

Coding starts once the design phase is over. During the design phase, it is not decided that which language will be chosen and how the different modules will be written. In the coding phase the system design is converted into a code using programming language. During the coding the focus should be on the developing programs that are easy to read and understand and not simply on developing programs that are easy to write.

The coding of the system is done in PHP scripting language. JavaScript is used for validation. All the forms are designed in HTML. MySQL is used for creating database.

Coding Guidelines: Coding for the development has been done keeping in view the following guidelines: 1. Descriptive Comments 2. Describe blocks of code, rather than commenting every line. 3. Be correct, an incorrect or misleading comment is worse than no comment at all. 4. Indentation will be used to ensure that the code is readable. 5. Naming conventions (for variables, subroutines, etc.) - these will follow the project naming conventions documented in the project file. 6. Complexity should be minimized and modules sub-divided when required, simplifying the code.

8. Testing
Software testing is the process of testing software in a controlled manner to ensure that it behaves the way it is expected to behave. Software testing is, thus a critical element of software quality assurance. Testing requires that the developer discards preconceived notices of the correctness of the software just developed and overcome the conflict of interest that occurs when errors are revealed. The levels of testing that software usually goes through are

ACCEPTANCE TESTING. Testing to verify a product meets customer specified requirements. A customer usually does this type of testing on a product that is developed externally. BLACK BOX TESTING. Testing without knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested. Tests are usually functional. COMPATIBILITY TESTING. Testing to ensure compatibility of an application or Web site with different browsers, OSs, and hardware platforms. Compatibility testing can be performed manually or can be driven by an automated functional or regression test suite. CONFORMANCE TESTING. Verifying implementation conformance to industry standards. Producing tests for the behavior of an implementation to be sure it provides the portability, interoperability, and/or compatibility a standard defines. FUNCTIONAL TESTING. Validating an application or Web site conforms to its specifications and correctly performs all its required functions. This entails a series of tests which perform a feature by feature validation of behavior, using a wide range of normal and erroneous input data. This can involve testing of the product's user interface, APIs, database management, security, installation, networking, etcF testing can be performed on an automated or manual basis using black box or white box methodologies.

INTEGRATION TESTING. Testing in which modules are combined and tested as a group. Modules are typically code modules, individual applications, client and server applications on a network, etc. Integration Testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. LOAD TESTING. Load testing is a generic term covering Performance Testing and Stress Testing. PERFORMANCE TESTING. Performance testing can be applied to understand your application or WWW site's scalability, or to benchmark the performance in an environment of third party products such as servers and middleware for potential purchase. This sort of testing is particularly useful to identify performance bottlenecks in high use applications. Performance testing generally involves an automated test suite as this allows easy simulation of a variety of normal, peak, and exceptional load conditions. REGRESSION TESTING. Similar in scope to a functional test, a regression test allows a consistent, repeatable validation of each new release of a product or Web site. Such testing ensures reported product defects have been corrected for each new release and that no new quality problems were introduced in the maintenance process. Though regression testing can be performed manually an automated test suite is often used to reduce the time and resources needed to perform the required testing. SMOKE TESTING. A quick-and-dirty test that the major functions of a piece of software work without bothering with finer details. Originated in the hardware testing practice of turning on a new piece of hardware for the first time and considering it a success if it does not catch on fire. STRESS TESTING. Testing conducted to evaluate a system or component at or beyond the limits of its specified requirements to determine the load under which it fails and how. A graceful degradation under load leading to non-catastrophic failure is the desired result. Often Stress Testing is performed using the same process as Performance Testing but employing a very high level of simulated load.

SYSTEM TESTING. Testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic. UNIT TESTING. Functional and reliability testing in an Engineering environment. Producing tests for the behavior of components of a product to ensure their correct behavior prior to system integration.

WHITE BOX TESTING. Testing based on an analysis of internal workings and structure of a piece of software. Includes techniques such as Branch Testing and Path Testing. Also known as Structural Testing and Glass Box Testing.

9.Conclusion

This project was a challenge for me from the very beginning of the project. I was imagined that could I able to finish the project or not. But my friends give me the inspiration to finish the project, but the most important person, without whose help I was really unable to finish the project without help of my Programming teacher Ms. Shivani Gupta (Asst. Prof. , IT). I want to give her special thanks. I want to give thanks to my friends also. All Staff of the shops where Ive investigated and take informat ion ware very much helpful. Without their help it was impossible for me to understand the problems & techniques of Point of Sales system. The tried their best to understood me their system. If I would not be able to understand the system then I was fully unable to develop their system. So I want to give them Thanks also. Now I have finished my project successfully and I am feeling glad by thinking that I have really done a god job.

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

To bring the project to a fruitful completion we have consulted several websites and books. We are giving a list of the important books and websites. These were the initial points of our research for this project.

Software Engineering by K.K. Aggarwal Software Engineering by Roger S. Pressman www.wikianswers.com/q?id=320019/railway reservation

11.Synopsis
Now one can easily plan the journey comfortably as the process is efficient and fast with being easy to access. Reservations can be made through the Indian railways site or at the ample reservation centers all over the country. Also now there are authorized agencies which provide reservation facility on behalf of India railways and without waiting in long line one can easily book a ticket. The booking is done through an ETicket issue which have a PNR number of which one has to take a print and just have to show at the station. It not only provide reservation but cancellation can also be done through this system at ease and one can use a credit card to complete the process. * A route-based reservation system that facilitates the issue of journey-cum-reservation tickets, which can be issued from any station to any station. * Passenger journey to multiple laps of reservation can be handled from a single terminal window. * The reservation facility is offered round-the-clock (24 hours uninterrupted). * Changes in train profiles (train carriage addition, replacement, deallocation), route structures, etc., can be made effective immediately with the appropriate contingency handling. * Dynamic definition of the advance reservation period is possible. This feature facilitates defining different advance reservation periods for different trains. * Provides on-line aggregation of EIS figures such as revenue, seat / berth utilisation, etc, and presentation of the summarised data in the form of visual analytics from the operational system's information store. The data aggregation is done incrementally, to inflict minimal impact. * Provides automatic database recovery against all kinds of hardware and software failures. * Complete audit trails for transactions and data access. * The application software is parametric, and standard railway business rules are incorporated in the form of data instead of being part of the logic.