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Hacker Chapters 39 & 44 Dash, parenthesis, brackets, ellipsis mark, slash, hyphen
record patients vital signs (temperature, pulse, and blood pressure) several times a day.
stipulated that only the following equipment could be used on the survival mission: (1) knife, (2) thirty feet of parachute line, (3) a book of matches, and (4) two ponchos.
Brackets
Use to enclose any words/phrases that have been inserted into an otherwise word-for-word quotation
Audubon
reports that if there are not enough young to balance deaths, the end of the species [California condor] is inevitable (4).
The Latin word sic in brackets indicates that an error in a quoted sentence appears in the original source. Do NOT overuse because calling attention to others mistakes can appear snobbish.
According
to the review, Nelly Fortados performance was brilliant, exceeding [sic] the expectations of even her most loyal fans.
Dash
that went wrong from the peeping Tom at her window last night to my head-on collision today we blamed on our move.
appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames a nearby noun. They are usually set off with commas, but when the appositive itself contains commas, a pair of dashes helps readers see the importance of all pauses. In my hometown, peoples basic needs food, clothing, and shelter are less costly than in a big city like LA.
Dash
Use to introduce a list, a restatement, an amplification, or a dramatic shift in tone or thought (basically can replace a colon, but colons are more formal and less dramatic than a dash) Only use if there is a specific reason for its use (dont want unnecessary chopiness)
In
my hometown, peoples basic needs sesame seed oil, honey, safflower oil, and that half-liquid peanuts only peanut butter.
Ellipsis Mark
Use to indicate that words have been deleted from an otherwise word-for-word quotation
Shute
acknowledges that treatment for autism can be expensive: Sensory integration therapycan cost up to $200 an hour (82).
If a full sentence or more is deleted in the middle of a quoted passage, use a period before the three ellipsis dots
If
we dont properly train, teach, or treat our growing prison population, says long-time reform advocate Luis Rodriguez, somebody else will.This may well be the safety issue of the new century (16).
Ellipsis Mark
Slash
Use to separate two or three lines of poetry Add a space before and after the slash
Roses
Use to separate paired terms Do not use space before or after slash
Pass/fail,
Hyphen
Use when two or more words are used together as an adjective before a noun
Richa
Hyphen
Hyphenate fractions and certain numbers when they are spelled out
One-fourth
Hyphen
Use in certain words to avoid ambiguity or to separate awkward double or triple letters
Re-creation
ENG 102
Replace plural pronoun with he or she (his or her) When someone travels outside the US for the first time, he or she needs to apply for a passport. Make antecedent plural When people travel outside the US for the first time, they need to apply for a passport. Rewrite sentence to correct problem Anyone who travels outside the US for the first time needs to apply for a passport.
With compound antecedents joined with or or nor (or with eitheror or neithernor), make the pronoun agree with the closer antecedent *if one antecedent is singular and the other plural, put plural one last to avoid awkwardness *If one antecedent is male and the other female, do not follow the traditional rule Either Bruce or Elizabeth should receive first prize for her short story. The prize for best short story should go to either Bruce or Elizabeth.
Avoid ambiguous or remote pronoun reference Occurs when pronoun could refer to 2 possible antecedents When Gloria set the pitcher on the glass-topped table, it broke. Which object broke the pitcher or the table? The pitcher broke when Gloria set it on the glass-topped table. Tom told Sam that he had won the lottery. Who won the lottery Tom or Sam? Tom told Sam, You have won the lottery.
Pronoun References
Generally, avoid broad reference of this, that, which, it By advertising on TV, pharmaceutical companies gain exposure for their prescription drugs. Patients respond to this by requesting drugs they might not need. What are patients responding to ads, companies, prescription drugs? By advertising on TV, pharmaceutical companies gain exposure for their prescription drugs. Patients respond to the ads by requesting drugs they might not need.
Pronoun References
Do not use a pronoun to refer to an implied antecedent A pronoun should refer to a specific antecedent, not to a word that isnt actually in the sentence After braiding Anns hair, Sue decorated them with ribbons. What is the antecedent for the pronoun them? After braiding Anns hair, Sue decorated the braids with ribbons.
Pronoun References
Avoid the indefinite use of they, it, you A pronoun should refer to a specific antecedent, not to a word that isnt actually in the sentence In June, they announced that parents would have to pay a fee. In June, the board announced that parents would have to pay a fee. In the encyclopedia it states that male moths can smell female moths from several miles away. The encyclopedia states that male moths can smell female moths from several miles away.
Pronoun References
Avoid the indefinite use of they, it, you A pronoun should refer to a specific antecedent, not to a word that isnt actually in the sentence Ms. Pickersgills book stipulates that you should not arrive at a party too early or leave too late. Ms. Pickersgills book stipulates that a guest should not arrive at a party too early or leave too late.
Pronoun References
To refer to persons, use who, whom, whose NOT which, that Use which, that to refer to animals or things All thirty-two women in the study, half of which were unemployed for more than six months, reported higher selfesteem after job training. All thirty-two women in the study, half of whom were unemployed for more than six months, reported higher selfesteem after job training. During the two-day festival El Dia de los Muertos, Mexican families celebrate loved ones that have died. During the two-day festival El Dia de los Muertos, Mexican families celebrate loved ones who have died.
Pronoun References
Mad Lib exercise ___noun____has made many advances in the past few decades, but ___pronoun____ still cannot answer a number of questions about tornadoes. Every ___noun____ has ___pronoun____ own unique characteristics. The science of ___noun____ watching has ___pronoun____ own system, the Fujita scale, for measuring storms from weakest (F0) to strongest (F5). An ___noun____ or an ___noun____ can destroy everything in ___pronoun____ path. Scientists cannot yet predict how strong any ___noun____ will be before ___pronoun____ happen. One mystery about ___noun____ involves the last step when ___pronoun____ forms. Specialists do not know if a ___noun____ forms in a cloud and travels to the ground or if ___pronoun____ begin on earth and spiral upward.
Grammar Tasks
the menu, include one correct example of the dash, parentheses, brackets, ellipsis mark, slash, and hyphen.
Create a mad lib in which players have to apply each rule for Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement & Pronoun Reference.
For Monday...
1.
2. 3. 4.