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Getting Started
Start CAESAR II z Set the working folder z Open a new job z Check units z Build data
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Work Flow
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Markup the Drawing Build and Review the Model Error Check the Model Review/Edit Load Cases 3 Run the Analyses Review Results
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Getting Help
User Guide , Technical Reference, Application Guide z On-line documentation z F1 on the cell of interest z Tool tips show dimensions
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Input Spreadsheet
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Graphics only
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Input Tools
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Toolbars can be conveniently arranged around the window. There are three tool bar groups:
Main Menu Input Plot
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Plot Tools
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Input Strategy
The physical system is represented by the assembly of simple stick elements z Node numbers identify the ends of all these elements z Each piping element is defined in a piping spreadsheet
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Entered data is automatically carried forward forward to the next element where appropriate. CarryCarry-forward items are highlighted in red. Point data applies to this element only (shown in yellow).
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First
Previous Next
Last
<Ctrl>End
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Erases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erase erase errant data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.
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English Output (ft.-in.) 6 in. 6 ft. 6 ft. 6 ft. 3.6 in. 6 ft. 10 in. 6 ft 10.25 in.
Cell Math (English): Addition: 66-10+610+6-2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft. Subtraction: -1010-3+23+2-5 = - (10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) = -7 ft. 10 in.
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0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42 z 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 z 15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
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DIN (millimeters)
Units: mm
z JIS
z DIN
The DIN specification does not include schedule numbers. Entering S obtains a standard wall thickness for each of the 28 nominal diameters.
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Terminology applies to restraint definitions or boundary conditions. The piping system boundary conditions (i.e. the restraints) are represented as stiffnesses, or springs, in the equation being solved: [K]{x} = {f}. A constant value for stiffness K models a linear boundary. Piping systems have restraint conditions that change; these nonlinear restraints are more complex.
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of a linear boundary conditions include a double acting rigid restraint, such as a Y support or a spring hanger. z The force versus displacement curve for these restraints is a straight line linear. z The slope of the line is the stiffness.
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+Y +Y support is a nonnon-linear support. z Its force vs displacement curve is not a straight line. z Stiffness only exists for negative displacements. z For positive displacements, the stiffness is zero.
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gap gap is also a nonnon-linear support. z The force vs. displacement curve is not a straight line. z There is no added stiffness in the gap.
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Connecting Nodes
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Connecting Nodes
z z
These two models are structurally identical. The model at right has an ANCHOR at 55 with a CNODE of 56. There is NO element 55 - 56. The anchor will now show the internal internal loads of 55 on 56.
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Connecting Nodes
z z
CNODEs are a very flexible, useful feature of CAESAR II. Think of a CNODE as:
a ball & socket joint joint, some DOFs are related (such as translation), while others are not (such as rotation) or the other end of the restraint.
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Insulation
If insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use the density of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with the insulation thickness to determine insulation weight. Refractory lining can be included using a negative insulation thickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting the thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.
Fluid
Fluid density may be entered directly in terms of specific gravity by following the number with SG SG, as in 0.8SG. Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.
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If WEIGHT > 0
Total Weight =
specified weight + fluid weight + 1.75 * insulation thickness (based on specified OD)
If WEIGHT = 0
Total Weight = 0,
regardless of specified fluid & insulation
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Valve/Flange Databases
CAESAR II provides several databases containing rigid length & weight. CADWORX & CRANE provide catalog data. GENERIC & NOFLANGE contain simpler data. Be aware of the lengths used by CAESAR II...
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Dimensioning Bends
Node locations Actual node for locations: dimensioning:
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Reducers
Enter the To To End data here or enter the size on the next element.
Alpha, the slope slope of the reducer, will be estimated if not entered.
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Duplicating Data
z z z z z z
Locate selection Click on Group Select Drag box around selection Click Duplicate Enter Data Review plot
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Duplicating Data
Whats Wrong? z 60-70 duplicated as 130-140 z Change to 130-70
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Imposed Displacements
A pipe support or anchor may impose movement through thermal growth or settlement. z Do not model this boundary condition as a support or anchor. Instead, define the displacement for the support or a complete set of displacements and rotations for the anchor.
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Imposed Displacements
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Imposed Displacements
z z z
Hint, a vector of six zeros for displacement is identical to an anchor. An undefined term is free. Load sets including the displacement set Dn will show these displacements, e.g. W+T1+P1+D1. Load sets without a displacement set will show zeroes for the six terms, just like an anchor, e.g. W+P1.
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z z
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Stress type
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W, WNC, WW pipe and insulation weight with contents, with no content, with water weight T1, T2, , T9 thermal strain HP, P1, P2, , P9 hydrostatic & pipe pressure H, F1, F2, , F9 hanger preload, itemized loads D1, D2, , D9 imposed displacements CS cold spring; cut short or cut long U1, U2, U3 added load per unit length (or g) WIND1, WIND2, , WIND4 wind loads WAVE1, WAVE2, , WAVE4 hydrodynamic loads
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Sustained components:
W, P1-P9, H
Expansion components:
T1-T9, D1-D9
Unassigned components:
Occasional: U1-U3, WIND1-WIND4, WAVE1-WAVE4, F1-F9 Structural: WNC, WW, HP, CS
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Each load case includes a load case identifier These identifiers determine how the results are calculated and used SUStained, EXPansion, OCCasional, OPErating, and FATigue set the stress calculation and allowable stress HYDrostatic and HGR (hanger) set support configuration and data availability
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Load Combinations
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L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE) L2: W+P1 (SUS) L3: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE) L2: W+P1 (SUS) L3: WIND (OCC) L4: L1-L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range L5: L2+L3 (OCC) :sustained + occasional stress
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Load cases can be combined for structural and/or stress evaluation. All basic load cases must be defined before these combinations can be constructed. For example, expansion stress range is taken between two states, typically, between operating and installed states. And, sustained stresses are summed with occasional stresses for comparison to the allowed limit.
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Change the display name Select what reports (if any) to build in the output Set the combination method Activate snubbers Lock/unlock spring supports Specify a Youngs Modulus Globally adjust coefficient of friction
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(code(code-defined)
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The standard X,Y,Z global coordinate system used in CAESAR II output is augmented by a local coordinate system to report element forces and moments in terms of axial and shear loads and torque and bending moments.
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Break Command
The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run; either a single node at any point or several, equallyequally-spaced nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.
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The Close Loop command automatically connects the specified nodes (here, 90 to 15) with the proper length piping element to complete the path.
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Material Database
CAESAR II provides a database of material properties that may be changed by the user. Database materials are identified by numbers from 101 to 699.
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Offsets
Offsets can be used at vessel/nozzle junctions or pipe intersections where branch branch cantilever length would be inappropriate if extended to the centerline of the vessel or header. Here, the offset is used to eliminate the pipe length between the vessel wall and centerline. The element from 20 to 30 will have an offset specified for the To To end with a +X dimension equal to the vessel radius. This will adjust the element stiffness and weight but not the node locations. A weightless, rigid element through this open space would serve equally well.
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