LATEST INVENTIONS IN ELECTRICAL AREA

Presented by

P.Sai Tejaswi IV B.TECH EEE

Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women

1. Introduction
The Routine Generation of power. The Power Plants.. NUCLEARTHERMAL HYDRO.. Upto when can we depend on these resources??Its depleting earths resources as well as the important thing is our interest to study these types of generation is also depleting .. SO THOUGHT OF INTRODUCING SOME INNOVATIVE METHODS OF PRODUCING POWER..HEAVY TO MINUTE QUANTITIES

NEW INVENTIONS:
2. Oyster - The new wave power system: History:
Oyster was developed by Edinburgh-based Aquamarine Power, a company that focuses on wave energy. The concept originated from research at Queens University, Belfast, led by Professor Trevor Whittaker, Head of the Wave Power Research Centre at Queen's Aquamarine Power was able to secure a 6.3m investment from Scottish Enterprise. Oyster was installed 400 meters offshore, west of the Orkney mainland, in 12 meter-deep water. Oyster was installed in August 2009; however it was officially launched on November 20, 2009 by the First Minister of Scotland, Alex Salmond. That same day, Oyster was connected the National Grid (UK) and began generating electricity.

Aquamarine Power's Oyster wave power technology captures energy in nearshore waves and converts it into clean sustainable electricity. Essentially Oyster is a wave-powered pump which pushes high pressure water to drive an onshore hydro-electric turbine. Wave power is generated by wind blowing over the surface of the ocean far out at sea. The action of the wind transmits energy into waves. These waves can travel vast distances with little energy loss before breaking on the shore. Our Oyster device is designed to harness this energy and convert it into electricity. Mechanical offshore device: The Oyster wave power device is a buoyant, hinged flap which is attached to the seabed at depths of between 10 and 15 meters, around half a kilometer from the shore. This location is often referred to as the nearshore. Onshore electricity generation: Oysters hinged flap, which is almost entirely underwater, pitches backwards and forwards in the nearshore waves. The movement of the flap drives two hydraulic pistons which push high pressure water onshore via a subsea pipeline to drive a conventional hydro-electric turbine. In the future, subsea pipelines will connect multiple Oyster wave energy devices to a single

Onshore plant. Ultimately Oyster will be installed in wave farms of several hundred connected devices generating hundreds of megawatts of electricity.

Operation:

The European Marine Energy Centre classifies Oyster as an Oscillating Wave Surge Converter. This device extracts the energy caused by wave surges and the movement of water particles within them. The arm oscillates as a pendulum mounted on a pivoted joint in response to the movement of water in the waves. Oyster harnesses the energy of near-shore ocean waves; it was
designed to operate in water 10 to 12 meters deep. The Oyster is made up of a Power Connector Frame (PCF) and a Power Capture Unit (PCU). The 36-ton PCF is bolted to the seabed by 1-by-4 meter concrete piles that are drilled 14 meters deep into the seabed. The PCF requires careful and accurate positioning and leveling to compensate for the uneven, rocky seabed. The PCU is a 200-ton, 18-by-12-by-4 meter buoyant flap that is hinged to the PCF. In order to lower the PCU into the water to hinge it to the PCF, 120 tons of seawater must be pumped into ballast tanks within the PCU to provide sufficient negative buoyancy to aid its descent into the water. The PCU is almost entirely submerged underwater; only 2 meters of the device poke above the water. The PCU sways back and forth with the movement of the waves, and this movement of the flap drives two hydraulic pistons that pump high-pressured water through three sub-sea pipeline to an onshore hydro-electric water turbine. The turbine then drives a 315 kW electrical generator, which converts the wave energy into electricity.

2. Device that Turns Heat and Light into Energy:

Researchers from Fujitsu Laboratories managed to create a device that can turn heat and light into electricity. According to the company such device, which doesn't have electrical wiring or batteries, can be created using organic materials.

This means that the invention is cost-friendly..can be created using organic materials. This means that the invention is cost-friendly. using organic materials. This means that the invention is cost-friendly.

It would be interesting to note that the device makes use of photovoltaic cells to turn light into electricity and temperature differentials to convert heat into energy. Fujitsu says that the combination of the two technologies doubles the energy-capture potential. The Japanese tech company says that its latest invention can be used in medical fields and namely in the development of sensors that monitor certain bio-signals. Besides, due to the fact that the device can harness e energy without wiring, it can be used in remote regions. Fujitsu just unveiled an "energy harvesting" device that can turn both heat and light into electrical power. Along with the company's self-powered medical devices, this hints at a future where power can be gleaned from everywhere. Separate light- and heat-based systems for creating electrical energy--such as solar power and geothermal--have long been known. Fujitsu's trick is to combine the two ways of generating power into one device, leading to more efficient ways to gather energy from the environment, or what Fujitsu's calling "energy harvesting." Fujitsu is cagey about the actual technology used. We do know it involves modifying the two types of semiconductor that go into transistors--P and N type--and a new organic material that has "high generating efficiency" that's "suitable for a generator in both photovoltaic and thermoelectric modes." But the payoffs of the invention are massive: Fujitsu suggests the device could be used in "sensors that monitor conditions such as body temperature, blood pressure and heartbeats" without needing "batteries and electrical wiring." This surpasses the long life promised by the virus-boosted lithium batteries we mentioned yesterday. The Fujtisu sensors are to be slapped onto the body, gathering their power from the room's lighting or the body heat itself, and then wirelessly reporting in. This could be especially handy in remote environments where it "would be problematic to replace batteries or run electrical lines," the company says..

3. Turn Trees In to Street Lights:

Scientists from the Academia Sinica and the National Cheng Kung University in Taipei and Tainan have implanted glowing; sea urchin shaped gold nanoparticles, known as bio light emitting diodes, or bio LEDs, inside the leaves of a plant. The new nano particles could replace the electricity powered street light with biologically powered light that removes CO2 from the atmosphere 24 hours days.

. "In the future, bio-LED could be used to make roadside trees luminescent at night," said YenHsun Su in an interview with Chemistry World. "This will save energy and absorb CO2 as the bio-LED luminescence will cause the chloroplast to conduct photosynthesis." The gold, sea urchin shaped nanoparticles are the key to turning a material that normal absorbs light into one that emits it. Chlorophyll, the photosynthetic pigment that gives leaves their characteristic green color, is widely known for its ability to absorb certain wavelengths of light. However, under certain circumstances, such as being exposed to violet light, chlorophyll can also produce a light of its own. When exposed to light with a wavelengths of about 400 nanometers the normally green colored chlorophyll glows red. The scientists, who published their work on bio LEDs in the journal Nanoscale, hope that that trees treated with the gold nanoparticles would produce enough light that they could replace electric or gas street lights. For now however, the effect is limited to the scientist's test subject, an aquatic plant known as Bacopa caroliniana. Expanding to terrestrial plants, the kind that line streets should be possible, said Krishanu Ray, a scientist at the University of Maryland, with some additional work. "They certainly could be used as street lights," said Ray. "But that's a long way away."

4. Solar-Powered Flower with Glass Petals:

The latter often try to focus on aesthetic design of an eco-friendly device that would make people aware about the climate change issue. Having this in mind, Anthony Castronovo decided to design a beautiful solar-powered kinetic sculpture which was commissioned by Beth Deutch and Larry Rubin in Rumson. Their creation, called Heliotropis, resembles a flower and is expected to be completed this year. The flower features built-in solar panels together energy from the sun. The generated electricity will be used to make the flower's glass petals move inward and outward.

. The two designers are considering using ceramic and glass for their project. Currently they are deciding on the colors of the petals. The main idea of the sculpture is to motivate people to make use of alternative sources of energy.

Heliotrope features a stem made of bronze and petals made of glass. Castronovo had this to say about the work in a press-release: Heliotropis creates a definite visual link between its physical form and the conditions of its immediate environment. This relationship explores the interactions between machine and nature sees my sculptures and interactions as energy generators, spinning through space and creating energy from matter and time. In botanical terms, heliotropism is described as the periodic movement of the parts of plants, specifically the flowers and leaves that occur every day in stimulus to the sun. Inspired by this botanical phenomenon, Beth Deutch and Larry Rubin have designed an elegant solar powered kinetic sculpture called as Heliotropis. This beautiful 10 -foot tall flower sculpture features built-in solar panels to collect the suns energy during the day which is used to bloom the glass petals in the morning and to power the LED, which allows the plant to stand as a light fixture at night. The kinetic solar sculpture is planted in Rumson, in the garden of the designer couple. The eco conscious designers have focused on the aesthetics of their creation by making use of solar panels in the ceramic and glass petals and have tried to aware people about the issues related to greenhouse gas emissions through their ecologic design.

5. Battery That Generates Power from Noise:

A team of students from American University of Sharjah managed to come up with a device that can generate energy from noise. Currently the device is in the experimentation process. It is worth
mentioning that the device can harness sound power with the help of piezoelectric technology that turns noise along with other types of sound energy into electricity. One interesting fact is that the new device can harness even sound waves that are inaudible to humans. Thus the invention can produce electricity from nearly any type of noise, be it noise from simple movements, stadiums or footsteps. The device can be installed in speed bumps in order to capture the mechanical vibrations and sound waves generated by passing cars, and turn them into electricity. The latter can then be used to power street lights. The smaller versions of the device can be used to power portable gadgets such as cell phones or MP3 players.

6. Body Heat to Power Electronic Devices Soon:

Scientific and technological research knows no bounds. MIT is indefatigable in such researches. Their latest breakthrough will see body heat that transforms into energy run low-power electronic devices. Yes, electricity runs through your body. One such recent example is the production of heat in the body which can create electricity: German scientists have identified a mechanism of converting body heat into electricity with the help of circuitry. This means that, in future, we will be able to operate our television and cell phones with nothing but the heat of our own body! Scientists are also hoping that this innovation will help reduce the world's energy problems. How a human body does generate heat? The advancements in nanotechnology and material sciences are causing energy requirements to fall, but at the same time increasing its production and transfer. In order to use the movements of human body to generate electricity, scientists have developed a new class of devices that can function to manufacture energy from body movements, like muscles stretching. Also, the flow of the water is used to power future nanoscale components. These nanoscale components are called nano-generators' or the thermoelectric generators, and made from semi-conductor elements which are less heavy than the conventional energy sources like batteries. The device is a prototype Zinc oxide nanowire, which extracts electrical energy simply from the change in temperature between a hot and a cold environment. Since zinc oxide is non-toxic, the nanogenerators can safely be implanted onto a human body. Inside the body, our cells produce mechanical

energy by burning chemical energy that is generated through burning complex molecules of glucose into simpler ones. The nano-generators will utilize the mechanical energy and convert it into electrical energy for empowering devices inside the body. The difference in temperature of the surrounding environment and the human body is very important in generating electricity through heat energy of the body. Since this variation in internal and external temperature is of few degrees, it would normally produce only around 200 millivolts and would not be sufficient enough to power electronic devices that normally require about 1-2 volts.

7. References: [1].www.infoniac.com
[2]. Breen, G. C. 2007. Sustainable public lighting in Australia: a local government perspective on work to date and future directions. Australia: ICLEI Oceania. [3]. Yi-Hsuan Tseng et al., Optical and thermal response of single-walled carbon nanotubecopper sulfide nanoparticle hybrid nanomaterials) [4].www.aquamarinepower.com