Hanger Sizing

Hanger Sizing
Spring Selection Procedure in CAESAR II
Introduction
Vertical supports for deadweight piping loads are easily located and sized. Differential (thermal) growth between the support structure and the pipe complicates the support selection. A choice must be made between rigid, variable load, and constant effort restraints.
CAESAR II Seminar 20 October, 2004
Deadweight Only
DW
With no thermal growth, a weight analysis with a Y restraint at the support location will produce a load (DW) that can be used to size the rod.
Deadweight Only
DW
The rod diameter is selected to carry the calculated deadweight (DW) at the support location.
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Add Thermal Effects
As pipe heats up the load on the rod shifts to the pipe, increasing the primary (and secondary) stress and increasing the anchor load.
What If This Is Unacceptable?

The pipe may lift off the support. The support may hold the pipe down. Redistributed pipe stress may be excessive. Support loads, too, are redistributed and they may be excessive elsewhere in the system.
A Force Can Replace That Hard Restraint

DW DW
Installed Position
Operating Position
A Perfect Support
How Do You Do That?
DW
DW
DW DW
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
But That May Not Be Practical

2*DW
The structure now carries twice the load Maintenance may be troublesome
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
A Constant Effort Hanger Approximates This Ideal Support
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
So Whats Wrong With That?
Constant effort supports are not cheap. They allow position drift if the load is not accurate. Internal friction requires a greater load to start movement
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Is There a Compromise?
Between a rigid restraint to carry the deadweight and an applied force to carry the deadweight through a thermal travel? Rigid support has k approaching Constant force has k approaching 0 How about a spring support and its finite k?
A Spring Hanger
Min. Load
Max. Load
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Only One Balance Point
You can pre-set the ideal design load (assumed DW in our example) for only one position. At other positions, the load will change as a function of the spring rate, k, and the position. This imbalance is usually acceptable.
So we can tolerate some inaccuracy

DW
(factory preset)
DW - k
(close enough?)
Installed Position
Operating Position
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Or maybe we can be smarter about it

DW + k
(factory preset)
DW
(hits the target!)
Installed Position
Operating Position
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Introducing Hot Load and Cold Load
Hot Load (HL) is the target load which the hanger should support in the operating condition. Cold Load (CL) is the intentionally incorrect load at which the spring is pre-set, in order to get to the Hot Load after moving.
CL = HL + k
Load Variation
Load Variation = Load Change relative to Hot Load.
| HL CL | | k | LV = -------------- = -------HL HL
Often limited by spec, to 10-25%.
How Can You Select the Correct Spring?

It is a matter of load and deflection. The spring size (using Grinnell terminology) indicates a range of loads that can be carried by a spring. The spring figure number (again Grinnell) relates to support travel.
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
The Grinnell Spring Table
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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Hanger Size vs. Load

Increasing Load
Increasing Capacity
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Recommended & Maximum Load & Travel

Min. Load Rec. Min. Load Max. Travel Rec. Max. Load Max. Load
Rec. Travel
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Mid Range
Spring Travel
Short:Mid:Long::1:2:4
Short Range Long CAESAR RangeII Seminar

20 October, 2004
Spring Rates for the 3 Sizes
Short
Long
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Mid
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How Can Differing Travel Limits Provide the Same Load Limits?
By changing the spring rate.
(F=k)
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Relating k &
=4:2:1
k=1:2:4
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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How Do You Select the Correct Spring Support?

Its a matter of load and deflection. Basic input required:

Support load to be carried; Required vertical travel of the support.
Assume balancing load (DW) to be carried in the operating position. Installed load will be DW+k.
Determine Data to Pick the Spring

1) Calculate DW by adding a rigid vertical restraint at the hanger location and run a weight analysis.
This will estimate the natural load carried by a support at each selected location It can be adjusted to suit design We usually call this the Hot Load
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Determine Data to Pick the Spring

2) Calculate by replacing that Y restraint with a vertical force equal to DW and run an operating analysis.
This vertical growth, , must be less the travel range of the support This is used with the Hot Load and proposed spring rate to calculate a proposed Cold Load
Test the First Possible Spring
Enter the hanger table with the balance load DW and the vertical growth at the support point . Find a smallest spring size that can carry the operating load (DW). Use the k of the short range spring (highest k) of this size and see if it can carry the installed load (DW+k).
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Search for the First One That Works
If both operating load and installed load are within the recommended range for the spring, a workable spring is now identified. If not, try the midrange spring of the same size (divide k by 2). If not that, try the long range spring (once again dividing the k by 2).
Moving to Other Figures
And if that doesnt work, move up to the next larger figure and repeat until a spring is found. If this fails, divide the support load by 2 (DW/2) and restart the selection process. This time selecting two springs to support the pipe.
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Variations
The pipe grows down.

Installed
is negative Cold = DW+k Hot Load > Cold Load Cold Load = DW Hot Load = DW-k
Operating Op.= DW+k
Cold load design.

Inst.=DW
An Example
Using the Grinnell table, select a spring that will carry the balancing load (DW) in the operating position.
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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Compute Data (DW)
Run a weight analysis with a rigid vertical restraint at this location. The load on this restraint will be the balancing load for the support in the operating condition. For this example, let the load (DW) be 900 lbf.
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Compute Data ()
Now remove the rigid vertical restraint and replace it with an ideal support in the form of an upward force equal to DW. Run an operating analysis with this force and compute the vertical growth at this location. For this example, let the vertical thermal growth () be +1.2 inches at this location.
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Go to the Table
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Find the First Spring to Carry DW Size 9

works
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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Whats the Spring Rate?

The short range spring rate (k) is 400 lbf./in.
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Calculate the Installed Load
Operating load is 900 lbf. Op. = DW The installed load for a short range spring is 1380 lbf. Inst. = DW+k = 900 + 400(1.2)
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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Check If This Spring Can Carry the Load

Maximum recommended load for a Size 9 spring is 1200 lbf.
(The table shows only 3/4 inch travel available.)
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Continue the Search
Clearly a short range spring does not work. Move to a midrange spring. kmid = kshort/2 Try k = 200 lbf./in. Inst. = DW+k = 900 + 200(1.2) Inst. = 1140 lbf. This works; max. load is 1200 lbf.
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Check Load Variation
It is important to minimize the load shift at supports in moving from the installed position to the operating position. This is measured by Load Variation (L.V.) Load Variation = (Inst.-Op.)/Op.
Inst.
= Installed (usually Cold) Load Op. = Operating (usually Hot) Load

Using Load Variation
With DW and given, L.V. can only change as k changes. Remember that k changes by 4:2:1 in going from short to long range springs. Moving to the next longer spring will halve the Load Variation and the load need not be checked.
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Check Load Variation

L.V. = load change / balance load L.V. = (Inst.-Op.)/Op. or = (Cold-Hot)/Hot L.V. = k/DW L.V. = 240/900 = 27% This load variation is excessive. Move from midrange to long range spring to cut L.V. in half L.V.long = L.V.mid/2
Review the Selection
We have a long range (Fig. 98), size 9 spring. It will carry a balancing load of 900 lbf. in the operating position, and carry 1020 lbf. [900+(100)1.2] in the installed position. The load variation for this spring is an acceptable 13.5%.
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CAESAR II Listing
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
Check the Spring Capacity

Maximum recommended load = 1200 Minimum recommended load = 700 At 900-1020, we are in the middle; OK
CAESAR II Seminar
20 October, 2004
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Actual Installed Load
Spring support balances the design load (DW) in the operating position. This is the Hot Load Typically, the Theoretical Installed Load is DW+k. This is out of balance. The Actual Installed Load is a separate calculation to check for hanger deflection due to this imbalance.
Actual Installed Load
Most spring hangers have little difference between the Theoretical and Actual Installed Load. A flexible system or a large load variation will cause the Actual Installed Load to differ. Look at the restraint loads in the installed position to check or run the extra load case in hanger design.
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CAESAR II Hanger Data

Node Info.
Design Data
Defined Hanger Data

You can modify the support load

Set your own Hot Load
Shift load from existing supports

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Hanger Sizing

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Hanger Sizing

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Hanger Sizing

Spring Selection Procedure in CAESAR II

Add Thermal Effects

What If This Is Unacceptable?

A Force Can Replace That Hard Restraint

How Do You Do That?

But That May Not Be Practical

A Constant Effort Hanger Approximates This Ideal Support

So Whats Wrong With That?

Only One Balance Point

So we can tolerate some inaccuracy

Or maybe we can be smarter about it

Introducing Hot Load and Cold Load

Load Variation = Load Change relative to Hot Load.

How Can You Select the Correct Spring?

The Grinnell Spring Table

Hanger Size vs. Load

Recommended & Maximum Load & Travel

Short Range Long CAESAR RangeII Seminar

Spring Rates for the 3 Sizes

By changing the spring rate.

How Do You Select the Correct Spring Support?

Its a matter of load and deflection. Basic input required:

Support load to be carried; Required vertical travel of the support.

Determine Data to Pick the Spring

Determine Data to Pick the Spring

Test the First Possible Spring

Search for the First One That Works

Moving to Other Figures

The pipe grows down.

Operating Op.= DW+k

Cold load design.

Compute Data (DW)

Find the First Spring to Carry DW Size 9

Whats the Spring Rate?

Calculate the Installed Load

Check If This Spring Can Carry the Load

(The table shows only 3/4 inch travel available.)

Continue the Search

Check Load Variation

= Installed (usually Cold) Load Op. = Operating (usually Hot) Load

Using Load Variation

Check Load Variation

Review the Selection

Check the Spring Capacity

Actual Installed Load

Actual Installed Load

CAESAR II Hanger Data

Defined Hanger Data

You can modify the support load

Shift load from existing supports

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