53. Descrieti elipsoidul WGS-84.

Sistemul de referin al GPS esteWGS 84 (World Geodetic Sistem 1984) care estedefinit asemenea sistemului ITRF de coordonatele punctelor terestre determinate. Sistemul decoordonate rectangulare al CTS nu poate fi aplicat n practic, valorile coordonatelor nefiind convingtoare.Majoritatea utilizatorilor cer coordonate geografice (,,h), de aceea sistemului de referinWGS 84 i aparine un elipsoid de referin geocentric

54. Care este scopul DNV, pentru care au fost intocmite regulile DNV referitoare la sistemele electronice de punte integrate. 3 reguli
To reduce the risk of failure in bridge operation, causing collisions, groundings and heavy weather damages and to minimize the consequences to ship and complement, should an accident occur. To include relevant requirements and recommendations from the IMO. To include relevant international standards within the rules or indicating the

points in which they differ

55. Care sunt functiile pe care un sistem trebuie sa se indeplineasca sa poate fi considerat IBS. (2 functii)
_ navigation planning _ passage execution and manoeuvring _ collision and stranding avoidance _ communications _ machinery control and monitoring _ loading and discharge of cargo _ safety and security

_ management.

56. Enumerati asupra caror factori se refera criteriile DNV de proiectare a IBS.
_ traffic surveillance/manoeuvring _ navigation _ route planning _ manual steering _ safety operations _ docking operations

_ conning operations.

57. Enumerati partile componente specificate de DNV referitoare la Automatic Navigation and Track-keeping System pentru un sistem integrat ce poate fi coordonat de un singur om.
_ Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) _ automatic steering system (including software for calculation/execution of adjustments for the maintenance of pre-planned routes) _ differential GPS (2) _ gyrocompass (2) _ speed over ground (SOG) and speed through water (STW) _ course alteration warnings and acknowledgement _ automatic safety contour checking and alarming during voyage planning and execution

_ capacity to create own electronic charts from paper charts for areas not

covered by ENCs issued or certified by official sea chart authorities

58. Scrieti 4 reguli pe care un IBS trebuie sa le indeplineasca pentru a fi considerat eficient si care prezinta date de navigatie de incredere pentru utilizator.
. The steering system should also keep automatic track-keeping of the ship within the limits set on both sides of the pre-planned track and should provide the capability to steer the ship along a route consisting of straight and curved lines by both automatic and manual input of turn orders. The speed input should have sufficient accuracy to safeguard the quality of position fixing by dead reckoning. The system should be provided with a filtered position from the GPS receiver and when performing turns, the system should be provided with the most accurate real-time position. The quality of the integrated position fixing system should be monitored and a warning should appear if the quality is below an acceptable limit.

59. Dati 3 exemple de membrii IACS.

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Germanischer Lloyd and Lloyds Register of Shipping

60. Care sunt informatiile preluate de la senzori, ceasurile indicatoare, display-urile, care sunt parte a unui IBS si trebuie sa duca la siguranta si eficienta operatiunilor de navigatie?
_ gyro repeater _ rudder angle indicator _ depth indicator _ clock _ propeller RPM indicator _ pitch indicator (where fitted)

_ speed and distance indicator.

61. Descrieti cele 4 reguli (parti) pe care DNV le solicita pentru siguranta navigatiei in desfasurarea lor pe puntea de comanda (total bridge systems).
To reduce the risk of failure in bridge operation, causing collisions, groundings and heavy weather damages and to minimize the consequences to ship and complement, should an accident occur. To include relevant requirements and recommendations from the IMO. To include relevant international standards within the rules or indicating the points in which they differ.

62. Ce cuprinde clasa W 1 referitoare la regulile pentru siguranta navigatiei (Rules for Nautical Safety)?
_ design of one-man workstation _ field of vision astern _ range of instrumentation _ instrument performance _ automation level

_ qualifications

63. Ce cuprinde clasa W 1-OC referitoare la regulile pentru siguranta navigatiei(Rules for Nautical Safety)?
W1-OC covers bridge design, instrumentation and bridge procedures comprising the following main areas: _ NAUT-C _ range of instrumentation _ instrument and system performance, functionality and reliability _ equipment installation _ monitoring and alarm transfer system

_ procedures for single-man watchkeeping.

64. Ce cuprinde clasa NAUT-C referitoare la regulile pentru siguranta navigatiei (Rules for Nautical Safety)?
_ mandatory and additional workstations _ field of vision from workstations

_ location of instruments and equipment.

65. Enumerati 8 sisteme (echipamente de navigatie) referitoare la siguranta navigatiei cu care sunt echipate navele ce indeplinesc cerintele clasei W1-OC.
_ course information systems (two gyrocompasses or one gyro + one TMC) _ steering systems (manual and automatic steering) _ speed measuring system (water speed, > 40 000 tons gross, dual axis) _ depth measuring system (over 250 m length, two transducers) _ radar systems (two radars, at least one X-band) _ traffic surveillance systems (ARPA) _ position fixing systems (Loran-C, GPS) _ watch monitoring and alarm transfer system _ internal communication systems _ nautical safety radio communication systems

_ sound reception system (technical device to receive signals).

66. Enumerati 3 factori care se iau in considerare atunci cand se proiecteaza un IBS referitor la legatura utilizatorului cu sistemele integrate de pe puntea de comanda (man-machine interface).
_ instrument location and design _ illumination and individual lighting of instruments

_ requirements for the man/machine dialogue of computer-based systems.

67. Care sunt informatiile referitoare la manevra navei care trebuie sa fie afisate intrun IBS.
_ gyro repeater _ rudder angle indicator _ depth indicator _ clock _ propeller RPM indicator _ pitch indicator (where fitted)

_ speed and distance indicator

68. Care sunt beneficiile implementarii la bordul navei a unui IBS?

_ increased safety _ increased cost-effectiveness

_ increased navigation efficiency.

.

69. Ce comenzi sau caracteristici se pot efectua de catre utilizator asupra interfetei ECDIS? 8 comenzi sau caracteristici
_ presentation of an electronic version of a sea chart, based on the latest ENC format using a 21- (or 29-) inch high resolution colour display _ multiple navaid interface for GPS/DGPS, gyrocompass, speed log, echosounder etc. _ capable of use with both ENC and ARCS _ route planning and route monitoring _ primary and secondary route planning facilities

_ grounding warnings _ user generated navigational safety lines which are overlaid on the radar screen _ user selectable chart layer presentation _ navigational tools such as VRM, EBL, track-ball _ display of ARPA targets _ voyage recording to meet standards _ user generated information note-books _ display of alarms

_ MOB and event functions

70. Ce comenzi sau caracteristici se pot efectua de catre utilizator asupra sistemului automat de guvernare? 7 comenzi sau caracteristici.
_ speed adaptive operation _ radius controlled turns _ direct gyro and log inputs for accurate and reliable performance _ user selectable steering modes _ gyro mode (rudder limit controlled) _ radius mode (immediate course change) _ programmed radius mode (programmed course change) _ programmed track mode (position referenced course change) _ precision track steering with pre-memorized waypoints

_ relaxed track steering with pre-memorized waypoints

71. Care sunt functiile de baza ale VMS-VT ?

Basic VMS-VT functions include: _ integration of data from various sensors _ data sharing on a local area network (LAN) _ display of real-time sensor information _ display of electronic charts with ownship position _ creation of a voyage plan _ execution of a voyage plan _ display of electronic bearing lines (EBLs)

_ display of variable range markers (VRMs)

_ comprehensive alarm and operator message system

_ printing of ships navigation data.

72. Care sunt functiile optionale ale VMS-VT ?

Optional VMS-VT functions include: _ autopilot control _ speed order control _ display of radar target information _ DNV certified track keeping _ ECDIS S-57 or digital navigational chart (DNC) display _ interface to voyage recorder _ creation and editing of charts using the digitizer or chart additions editor _ providing data to docking displays _ providing precision manoeuvring displays _ man overboard display _ providing data to a conning station _ display of engine room data

_ display of meteorological data.

73. Descrieti caracteristicile datelor tintelor radar, integrate in VMS-VT.

Sistemul VMS-vt permite accesul si arata informatii despre tinte achizitionate la mai multe radare arpa. Radarele arpa vor fi procesate intr-o singura lista, astfel incat daca o tinta va fi achizitionata pe doua radare ea va fi afisata o singura data pe VMS-VT. Simbolurile raprezentand tintele radar vor fi afisate pe harta electronica. Fiecare simbol tinta va include un vector de viteza , puncte de istoric si numar de identificare.