1

Gallstones can form in the gall bladder and are very painful. The inorganic part of gallstones is calcium ethanedioate which is insoluble in water. The corresponding magnesium ethanedioate is soluble in water. Which factor accounts for the difference in solubility between calcium ethanedioate and magnesium ethanedioate?
A B

Calcium ethanedioate has a higher solubility product than magnesium ethanedioate. Calcium ethanedioate has a numerically higher lattice energy than magnesium ethanedioate. Calcium ions have a lower enthalpy change of hydration than magnesium ions. Calcium is more electropositive than magnesium.

C D

Anhydrous barium nitrate and anhydrous magnesium nitrate both decompose on heating, evolving nitrogen dioxide and oxygen and forming an oxide. Which of the following statements concerning these decompositions are correct? 1 Nitrogen dioxide is evolved at a lower temperature from magnesium nitrate than from barium nitrate. For both nitrates the volume of nitrogen dioxide evolved is four times greater than the volume of oxygen. The numerical value of the lattice energy of magnesium nitrate is greater than that of barium nitrate. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.

A B C D

When a mixture of white solids, F, is treated with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid, a colorless gas is evolved and some, but not all, of the mixture dissolves. Which mixture could be F? A B C D Ba(NO3)2 and Ca(OH)2 BaSO4 and CaCO3 CaCO3 and MgSO4 Ca(OH)2 and MgCO3

Lead(II) carbonate and zinc carbonate decompose on heating in the same way as calcium carbonate. What will be the predicted order of decomposition temperatures of these three carbonates? highest lowest CaCO3 > PbCO3 > ZnCO3 CaCO3 > ZnCO3 > PbCO3 PbCO3 > CaCO3 > ZnCO3 ZnCO3 > CaCO3 > PbCO3

A B C D

Which of the following statements are true about the elements in Group II of the Periodic Table? 1 2 3 A B C D They are reducing agents. The ionic radius increases down the group. The electronegativity decreases down the group. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.

Beryllium is the element at the top of Group II. In comparison with the other Group II elements, which statements about beryllium are likely to be correct? 1 2 3 A B C D The enthalpy change of hydration of Be2+ will be the most negative. BeCO3 decomposes on heating at the lowest temperature. Beryllium forms compounds with the most covalent character. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.

Which one of the following equations represents the reaction that occurs when calcium nitrate is heated strongly? A B C D Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO2)2 + O2 Ca(NO3)2 CaO + N2O + 2O2 2Ca(NO3)2 2CaO + 4NO2 + O2 3Ca(NO3)2 Ca3N2 + 4NO2 + 5O2

In hospitals, barium sulfate is used in taking Xrays photographs of the alimentary canal. It is mixed with food and eaten by the patient prior to the photograph being taken. Why is the sulfate used rather than other compounds of barium? 1 2 3 A B C D Barium sulfate is not poisonous because it is insoluble in water. Barium sulfate reacts with organic materials in the body. Barium sulfate forms sulfuric acid with the acid in the stomach. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.

Strontium lies between calcium and barium in Group II in the Periodic Table. Which of the following properties could be predicted for strontium? A B C D It forms a watersoluble carbonate which does not decompose on heating. It forms a sparingly soluble sulfate. It forms a nitrate which decomposes on heating to form strontium nitrate and oxygen. It is reduced by cold water, liberating hydrogen.

10

The sulfates of Group II elements exists in crystalline form as follows. MgSO4.7H2O A B C D CaSO4.2H2O SrSO4 BaSO4

The atomic radius of the elements increases down the group. The ionic character of these sulfates increases. The ionisation energy of the elements decreases down the group. The radius of the cations increases down the group.

11

The carbonates of Group II decompose according to the following equation. MCO3(s) MO(s) + CO2(g) For this reaction, H increases on descending the group. carbonate H/ kJ mol1 Mg +101 Ca +178 Sr +235 Ba +269

Which property best explains this trend? A B C D the ionic radius of the metal ion the ionisation energy of the metal the proton number of the metal the thermal stability of the oxide

12

Which factors help to explain the increase in thermal stability of the carbonates of Group II metals from magnesium to barium? charge density of cation A B C D relative polarisability of carbonate and oxide ion

decreases decreases increases increases

CO32 less than O2

O2 less than CO32 CO32 less than O2 O2 less than CO32

13

Magnesium oxide is used in the making of the lining of blast furnaces. It is extracted from seawater as follows. Aqueous calcium hydroxide is added to seawater. Ca(OH)2(aq) + MgCl2(aq) Mg(OH)2(s) + CaCl2(aq) The magnesium hydroxide is then filtered off and roasted. Which of the following comparisons between calcium and magnesium explains why magnesium hydroxide forms?
A B C D

Magnesium is lower than calcium in the reactivity series. The enthalpy change of hydration for Mg2+ is less exothermic than for Ca2+. The solubility product for Mg(OH)2 is lower than that for Ca(OH)2. The magnitude of the lattice energy of Mg(OH)2 is less than that of Ca(OH)2.

14

Which of the following factors help to explain the differing solubility in water of magnesium sulfate compared with that of barium sulfate?
1 2

Barium sulfate has a numerically larger lattice energy than magnesium sulfate. The enthalpy change of hydration of magnesium ions is more exothermic than that of barium ions. The charge density of magnesium ions is greater than that of barium ions.
1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.

3 A B C D

15

Which statements about calcium oxide are correct?

1 2 3 A B C D

It reacts with cold water. It is a product when calcium nitrate is heated. It can be reduced by heating with magnesium.
1, 2 and 3 are correct. 1 and 2 are correct. 2 and 3 are correct. 1 only is correct.