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0 1 1
E
1
+ E
2
0 R
D
E
3
R
C
R
D
1 1 1
R
A
+ R
B
0 R
D
0 R
C
R
D
0 1 1
E
1
+ E
2
0 R
D
E
3
R
C
R
D
= 0 1
E
1
+ E
2
R
D
E
3
R
D
+ (1)
E
1
+ E
2
0
E
3
R
C
= [(E
1
+ E
2
) R
D
E
3
R
D
]
[R
C
(E
1
+ E
2
) 0]
= R
D
(E
3
E
1
E
2
) R
C
(E
1
+ E
2
)
= (8.6 ) (4.2 V 9.2 V 2.7 V)
(4.8 ) (9.2 V + 2.7 V)
= 123.34 V.
Expanding along the rst column, the de-
nominator is
D =
1 1 1
R
A
+ R
B
0 R
D
0 R
C
R
D
= 1
0 R
D
R
C
R
D
(R
A
+ R
B
)
1 1
R
C
R
D
+ 0
= 0 R
C
R
D
(R
A
+ R
B
) (R
D
+ R
C
)
= (4.8 ) (8.6 )
(1.2 + 3.3 ) (8.6 + 4.8 )
= 101.58
2
, and
I
1
=
D
1
D
=
123.34 V
101.58
2
= 1.21422 A .
009 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Four resistors are connected as shown in
the gure.
94 V
S
1
c
d
a
b
2
8
4
8
6
3
7
2
F
1
8
2
2
3
8
r
C
R
e
q
I
e
q
where
R
= R
1
+ R
3
= 18 + 2 = 20 ,
R
r
= R
2
+ R
4
= 22 + 38 = 60
and
R
eq
=
_
1
R
+
1
R
r
_
1
=
_
1
20
+
1
60
_
1
= 15 .
Therefore the time constant is
R
eq
C = (15 ) (25 F) = 375 s .
nguyen (vn2975) HW7 mackie (10623) 9
The equation for discharge of the capacitor is
Q
t
Q
0
= e
t/
, or
E
t
E
0
= e
t/
=
1
e
.
Taking the logarithm of both sides, we have
= ln
_
1
e
_
t = (ln e)
= (375 s) (1)
= 375 s .
keywords:
016 10.0 points
Dielectric materials used in the manufacture
of capacitors are characterized by conductiv-
ities that are small but not zero. Therefore,
a charged capacitor slowly loses its charge by
leaking across the dielectric.
If a certain 2.11 F capacitor leaks charge
such that the potential dierence decreases
to half its initial value in 5.9 s, what is the
equivalent resistance of the dielectric?
Correct answer: 4.03408 10
6
.
Explanation:
Let : t = 5.9 s and
C = 2.11 F = 2.11 10
6
F.
By using q = C V , we immediately nd out
that when the potential across the capacitor
is halved, the charge on the capacitor is also
halved; i.e.,
q
f
q
i
=
1
2
.
Also note that the charge drop has time de-
pendence as
q = q
0
e
t/RC
.
Solving for R yields
R =
t
C ln
_
q
0
q
_ .
Thus we have, for q
0
= q
i
and q = q
f
,
R =
t
C ln
_
q
i
q
f
_
=
(5.9 s)
(2.11 10
6
F) ln(2)
= 4.03408 10
6
.
017 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
For a long period of time the switch S is
in position b. At t = 0 s, the switch S is
moved from position b to position a.
1 F
3 M
2 M
13 V
S
b
a
Find the voltage across the 3 M center-left
resistor at time t
1
= 3 s.
Correct answer: 4.78243 V.
Explanation:
C
R
1
R
2
V
0
S
b
a
Let : R
1
= 3 M = 3 10
6
,
R
2
= 2 M = 2 10
6
,
C = 1 F = 1 10
6
F, and
V
0
= 13 V.
nguyen (vn2975) HW7 mackie (10623) 10
When the switch is closed to position a,
the resistor R
2
is not part of the circuit and
may be disregarded, see Figure (a).
C
R
1
V
0
Figure (a)
For an RC circuit,
I = I
0
e
t/(RC)
=
_
V
0
R
1
_
e
t/(R1 C)
.
Because I R
1
= V
R1
, we have
V
R1
= V
0
e
t1/(R1 C)
= (13 V) e
(3 s)/[(310
6
)(110
6
F)]
= 4.78243 V .
018 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
Much later, at some time t
0
= 0 s, the switch
is moved from position a to position b.
Find the voltage across the 3 M center-left
resistor at time t
= 1.2 s.
Correct answer: 6.1357 V.
Explanation:
Now the switch moves to position b,
thereby excluding the battery from the cir-
cuit, see Figure (b).
C
R
1
R
2
Figure (b)
Note: The equivalent resistance of the cir-
cuit is
R
eq
= R
1
+ R
2
= 3 10
6
+ 2 10
6
= 5 10
6
because R
1
and R
2
are in series.
Again, see Figure (b)
I = I
0
e
t
/(Req C)
=
V
0
R
eq
e
t
/(Req C)
because the capacitor has an initial potential
across it of V
0
. Thus,
V
R1
= I R
1
= V
0
_
R
1
R
eq
_
e
t
/(Req C)
For the given values
V
R1
= (13 V)
_
3 10
6
5 10
6
_
e
(1.2 s)/[(510
6
)(110
6
F)]
= 6.1357 V .
019 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
3.7 M
1.2 F
16.6 V
S
The switch is closed at t = 0.
Find the charge on the capacitor at 2.48 s.
Correct answer: 8.5251 C.
Explanation:
R
C
E
S
nguyen (vn2975) HW7 mackie (10623) 11
Let : t = 2.48 s ,
R = 3.7 M = 3.7 10
6
,
C = 1.2 F = 1.2 10
6
F, and
E = 16.6 V.
At t = 2.48 s,
q = C E
_
1 e
t/(RC)
_
= (1.2 10
6
F) (16.6 V)
_
1
exp
_
(2.48 s)
(3.7 10
6
) (1.2 10
6
F)
__
= 8.5251 10
6
C
= 8.5251 C .
020 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
Find the current in the resistor at 2.48 s.
Correct answer: 2.56642 A.
Explanation:
At t = 2.48 s,
I =
E
R
e
t/(RC)
=
16.6 V
3.7 10
6
exp
_
(2.48 s)
(3.7 10
6
) (1.2 10
6
F)
_
= 2.56642 10
6
A
= 2.56642 A .
021 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
At 2.48 s the current in the resistor is I (Part
2) and the charge on the capacitor is q (Part
1).
What is the power delivered by the battery?
Correct answer: 42.6025 W.
Explanation:
In the time interval t, work done by the
battery in pushing charge q across the bat-
tery is
W
battery
= q E .
Correspondingly, the power is
d W
battery
dt
= E
dq
dt
= I E .
The power dissipated in a resistor is
d W
resistor
dt
= I
2
R.
The power to create the electric eld in a
capacitor is
d W
capacitor
dt
= I
q
C
.
Thus the total power dissipated in the capac-
itor and resistor, that is the power delivered
by the battery is
d W
battery
dt
= I
_
I R +
q
C
_
= (2.56642 10
6
A)
_
(2.56642 10
6
A)
(3.7 10
6
)
+
(8.5251 10
6
C)
(1.2 10
6
F)
_
= 4.26025 10
5
W
= 42.6025 W .