Logic Summer 2011:Annotated Course Outline

IDEAS I. Formation of Ideas Phantasm is the first step after sense perception in the formation of the idea. By means of abstraction the intellect extracts an intellectual image from the phantasm by leaving all aside the differentiating characteristics of the individuals and retaining the attributes common to them all. II. Idea Is the simple intellectual apprehension of a thing (wider sense) Is the intellectual image of a thing, representing its essential elements (stricter sense) Is the intellectual image or representation of a thing III. Difference Idea Universal, applies to all Distinctness and clearness remains even in minute details Very definite and exact Intellectual image IV. Comprehension and Extension of an Idea Comprehension- is the sum total of all the attributes or thought elements which constitute the idea Extension is the sum total of all the individuals and groups to which an idea can be applied. a. Relationship between the Comprehension and Extension of Idea 1. Comprehension of an Idea always remains the same, while the extension of the idea may change continually. 2. As the comprehension increases, the extension decreases; and as the extension increases, the comprehension decreases. V. Kinds of Ideas a. Standpoint of Origin 1. intuitive (immediate) result of the direct perception of things. 2. Abstractive (mediate) formed by some other means than direct perception. b. Standpoint of Relation 1. connex one idea necessarily either includes or excludes the other 2. disparate neither necessarily includes or excludes the other. Phantasm Concrete and individual, cannot be applied to a large number of individuals or classes Becomes vague and indistinct with complexity and minuteness of details otherwise Sense image

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Logic Summer 2011:Annotated Course Outline

3. identical ideas with the same comprehension. 4. diverse ideas with different comprehension. 4.1. Compatible comprehension of ideas that can be united to form another idea 4.2. Incompatible comprehension of one idea excludes the attributes of the other 4.2.1 Contradictory two ideas which expresses the simple denial of the comprehension of the other. 4.2.2. Privative Ideas ideas which one signifies a perfection and the other denies a perfection in which a subject ought to posses. 4.2.3. Contrary ideas represents two extremes among objects of a series belonging to the same class. 4.2.4. Relative incompatible ideas united in such a way that the one cannot be understood without the other. c. Comprehension 1. simple comprehension of a single attribute 2. composite (compound) comprehension of more than one attribute 3. concrete express a nature or determining attribute as inherent in a subject 4. Abstract express a nature or determining attribute considered as separated from the subject in which it inheres. d. Extension 1. singular represent a single object only. Latin maxim of Individuating notes: Haec ea sunt septum quae non habet unus et alter lanceplification: Forma (quality), Figura (disposition of parts), Locus (place), Tempus (time), Stirps (ancestry), Patria (country), Nomen (name) 2. universal represent some common nature or attribute which can be applied to a class as a whole and to each individual of that class. 3. particular universals taken partly and indeterminately. It applies neither to one nor to all, but to some of the class in an indeterminate manner. 4. collective applies to all individuals of a class, but not to the single members of the class. REFFERENCES: The Science of Correct Thinking by Celestine Bittle: Part I Chapter 1- 2; Harmony of Logic by Montemayor: Chapter 2; Introduction to Logic by Copi Irvin: Chapter 1;Essentials of Logic by Kruger: Part 1 and 2; Basic Logic by McCall: Part 1; Handbook of Logic by Brennan; Introduction to Philosophy by Abulad

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