FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA Program: Ownership : FKE Doc.

ID : EE221 Sem :

STUDENT KIT TM LAB MODULE 7

Centre of Electrical Power Engineering Studies (CEPES) Date Issued : 2010

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY VI COURSE CODE: EPO660

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES WITH FULLY-CONTROLLED TWO-PULSE BRIDGE CIRCUIT, OPERATION IN 1

ST

AND 4

TH

QUADRANTS WITHOUT SPEED CONTROL

Authors Prepared by : Nor Farahaida Abdul Rahman, Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor & Dr. Mohd Nawawi Seroji Date : 2010

1 Revision :

st

Date :

2 Revision : Endorsement by Centre of Studies Chair :

nd

Date :

Date :

Signature :

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660

MODULE OUTCOMES: Upon completion of this experiment, student should be able to determine MO1: MO2:
st

the operation of two-pulse bridge circuit and DC machines, the input and the output voltage and current profiles of two-pulse bridge circuit
th

in 1 and 4 quadrants drive. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: All driven machines require drives. Nowadays, these drives are principally single- or multi-motor drives. The single-drives are used for small or simple machines while the multi-drives are used for complex driven machines. Drives with electric machines which are fed and controlled via static converters are design as static converter drivers. The greater numbers of these drives are equipped with converter-fed DC commutator machines. Their power ranges from a few watts to several megawatts. The operation behaviour of electric machines can be represented in the speed-torque characteristic. By relating speed and torque in a rectangular system of coordinates, four mode (four quadrants) operations can be represented. U; n II Breaking Generator operation I Driving Motor Operation I; M III Driving Motor Operation IV Breaking Generator operation

Figure 1. Operating modes of driving machines

PRE-LAB WORK: Students/Group leader has to get your instructor to approve all your PRE-LAB work before commencing the experiment. Submit the pre-lab work together with the report. 1. Explain the operation of two quadrant converter (Rectifier-Inverter)

2.

How to control the fully-controlled converter?

3.

Draw a circuit diagram of single-phase fully-controlled converter with R load. Then, sketch the waveform of input and the output current and voltage of this converter during = 45.

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660

4.

Based on Figure 1, explain the operating mode of 1 and 4 quadrant in term of speed, torque, armature voltage and current, power, function and rotation of the machine.

st

th

NOTE: Bring references, text books, internet materials to the lab. EXPERIMENTAL WORK: Experiment Setup 1. 2. 3. Connect all instruments according to Figure 2. Connect the protective earth of the main transformer, DC machines, tacho generator and DC supply together. Turn ON all instruments except the 200V DC supply. Basic setting: a. Oscilloscope Time base 5 ms/DIV Coupling DC Trigger Line b. Control unit Trigger angle 0 Pulse form Pulse train Control voltage range 0...10V c. Machine I Connect E1 to +220V and E2 to -220V of the main transformer d. Machine II Connect E1 to 2B2, E2 to 1B1
st

Experiment A: Operation of 1 quadrant 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Set the trigger point limiter, G = 90 and W = 180. Please refer to the oscilloscope in order to get G = 90 precisely. (i.e. 1 cycle = 0.02s). Rotate gradually the set-point potentiometer to UST = 10V. Note the rotational direction of the machine set. Observe and record/save the time profiles (waveform) of the secondary voltage, DC voltage, secondary current and DC current. All reading must be tabulated in Table 1. In addition, the induced voltage Uo must be measured using oscilloscope with calibrated settings.
th

Experiment B: Operation of 4 quadrant 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Set the set-point potentiometer to UST = 0V. Set the trigger point limiter, G = 0 and W = 155 with the aid of the oscilloscope. The machine set not yet turning over. Rotate gradually the set-point potentiometer to UST = 40V. The machine set turns over at lower speed. Set the 220V DC supply to V = 0 and I = max. Then, switch ON the DC supply. (Part 1) Slowly increase the output voltage UDC of the DC supply to V = 100V. Note the rotational direction of the machine set. Observe and record/save the time profiles (waveform) of the secondary voltage, DC voltage, secondary current and DC current. All reading must be tabulated in Table 1. Next, slowly increase the output voltage of the DC supply to V = 145V (Part 2). Repeat procedure 7.

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660

B+ & C+

C-

Fully controlled twopulse bridge K1

A+ C+ C-

K2 G1 G2

3A A

300V or 100V/1A W 50mH Id UTG 3V 1B2 | 1B2 1B1 A1 I E2 A2 2B2 2B1 Machine I Machine II T II A2 2B2 2B1 E2

T1 Si L1 L2 L3 N PE Transformer
A-

T2 1B1 A1

3A A V Us 300V

Is V Ud 300V E1

E1

220V DC supply

- + Usyn Usyn - +

G3 T3 K3 T4 K4

G4

B+15V Note; (a) DC power supply (b) Set-point potentiometer (c) Trigger point limiter (d) Control unit L1
220V

Oscilloscope
A+ AB+ BC+ CC+ C-

+15V
Ust
W

+15V u
G G2 K2 G3 K3 G1 K1 G4 K4

Half negative cycle Half positive cycle

CH I

CH II

15V

(a) -15V (b) -15V (c) -15V (d)

Isolating amplifier

Figure 2

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660

RESULTS: Measurement TABLE 1. CURRENT, VOLTAGE, POWER, TORQUE AND SPEED MEASUREMENTS Operation UDC/ V US/ V (rms) IS/ A (rms) Ud/ V (average) Ud/ V (rms) Id/ A (average) Id/ A (rms) UTG/ V (rms) Uo/ V (mean) P/ W n/ min
-1

1 Quadrant 90 0 100

st

4 Quadrant 155 145

th

DISCUSSIONS: 1. Briefly describe the waveform in Experiment A and Experiment B (Part 1- DC supply, V = 0 and I = max) in term of average DC voltage and DC current. Explain the operation of the converter and DC machines in both experiments. Describe the rotational torque behaviour during procedure no. 5 in Experiment B? Explain your answer.

2. 3.

4. QUIZ: 1.

Briefly describe the waveform in Experiment B (Part 2-. DC supply, V = 145V)

What type of DC machine I and II used in this experiment? Explain your answer.

2.

Based on Experiment A and B, draw the equivalent circuit of both machines separately and label the circuit appropriately. Show the direction of current flows noticeably.

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660

3.

Explain the operation of generator and motor.

st th

4.

State the firing angle range for both 1 and 4 quadrant drive operation.

CONCLUSION: Conclude in detail the findings and the outcomes of this experiment. This should include the summary of knowledge gained, comments and discussion of the results, errors and their possible sources and how this experiment can be improved. REFERENCES: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. L. Springob, Static Converter-fed DC machines, 1991 P. C. Sen, Principle of Electric Machines and Power Electronics T. Mohan, T.M. Undeland, W.P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2003. M.H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications , New Jersey : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. S.Z. Mohammad Noor, M.K Hamzah.; A.F. Abidin, Modelling and Simulation of a DC Chopper Using Single Phase Matrix Converter Topology International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive System, 2005, PEDS 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Volume 1, 16-18 Jan 2006, pp. 827-832

END

TWO-QUADRANT DRIVES

EPO660