Indian Streams Research Journal

Volume 2, Issue. 7, Aug 2012

Available online at www.isrj.net

ISSN:-2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A Study Of Aggression And Ego Strength Of Indoor Game Players And Outdoor Game Players
QUADRI SYED JAVEED1 and Vidhate. N. J.2 Associate Professor & Research Guide M.S.S. Art's Commerce & Science College, Jalna 431203 (M.S.) India. Email : jsquadri@rediffmail.com 2 N.J. Bhagwan College, Ashti Dist Beed, Maharashtra Abstract: The Aim of the study to examine the aggression and ego strength among indoor game players and outdoor game players. Aggression Scale (1983) (A scale) : developed and standardized by Km Roma Pal and Mrs. Tasneem Naqvi. And Differential Personality Inventory (DPI): developed and standardized by L.N.K. Shinha and Arun Kumar Singh Measure of Ego strength. Hypotheses of the study 1. Outdoor game players have significantly high aggression than the indoor game players. 2. Outdoor game players have significantly high ego strength than the indoor game players. Conclusion 1. Outdoor game players have significantly high aggression than the indoor game players. 2. Outdoor game players have significantly high ego strength than the indoor game players
1

INTRODUCTION: For thousands of years people have invented Indoor games and sports to amuse themselves when confined within a house or other building. Often these are played in social or family situations, or when darkness or bad weather prevent people from moving outside. Indoor sports complexes are springing up around the country (ex: South Shore Sports Complex in Oceanside, NY). These complexes often provide a Turf Field that allows a wide variety of typically outdoor sports to be played indoors. These turf fields are large and has a grassy texture to it without the maintenance required to keep it green and plush. Many sports are being played on this type of service, such as soccer, baseball, flag football, softball, lacrosse, rugby, and many others. Aggression, in its broadest sense, is behavior, or a disposition, that is forceful, hostile or attacking. It may occur either in retaliation or without provocation. In narrower definitions that are used in social sciences and behavioral sciences, aggression is an intention to cause harm or an act intended to increase relative social dominance. Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species may not be considered aggression in the same sense. Aggression can take a variety of forms and can be physical or be communicated verbally or non-verbally. Aggression differs from what is commonly called assertiveness, although the terms are often used interchangeably among laypeople, e.g. an aggressive salesperson. Aggression in sport can be caused by a number of factors. The most identifiable reasons are the rules of the game (level of physical contact), frustration, instinct, presence, arousal, environmental cues, self control and also the behaviour of those around. Other factors in aggression include personality, media involvement, coaching, role models and the society we live in. The following is an insight into the term aggression in sport, using the social learning theory and environmental cues theory I will explain examples
Please cite this Article as : QUADRI SYED JAVEED1 and Vidhate. N. J.2 , A Study Of Aggression And Ego Strength Of Indoor Game Players And Outdoor Game Players : Indian Streams Research Journal (Aug. ; 2012)

A Study Of Aggression And Ego Strength Of Indoor Game Players And Outdoor Game Players

of each theory and try and contrast them. Children learn that aggressive behavior can be rewarding, they observe and copy actions increasing the use of aggression in sports activities. A child whose aggressive acts intimidate their opponents will increasingly become more aggressive due to the fact it gets them more rewards. An example of this can be found in Hockey where the more aggressive Hockey players (measured by penalty minutes) score more goals than non-aggressive players (McCarthy and Kelly, 1978). Cognitive belief to aggression can result in a child thinking aggression equals success. In the 1970's the Bo Bo doll experiment highlighted the effects that peer pressure enforced on others caused conformist behavior to a certain group i.e. aggression Effects aggression in sports is the cue theory posed by Berkowitz (1969). It is argued arousal is increased by frustration which can be felt as anger or psychological pain. Sporting events can increase arousal and can boil over if a frustrating situation occurs as argued by Dollard. Circumstances such as missing an important penalty, being fouled or wrongly penalised adds arousal into an athletes game. Berkowitz (1969) claims arousal only leads to aggression in environments that contain cues. He found that people were more violent if they had seen a violent movie or if they witnessed weapons in a room then had they seen a badminton racket which would cause less aggression. The gym can be used as an example of this, where if the soundtracks from Rocky Balboa were being played in the gym it would increase arousal and the gym user would show more aggression, signifying that the relation of the songs to the violence portrayed in Rocky can have an arousal effect. A K Bay-Hinitz, R F Peterson, and H R Quilitch (1994) J Appl Behav Anal. 1994 Fall; 27(3): 435446. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1994.27-435. Cooperative games: a way to modify aggressive and cooperative behaviors in young children. We investigated the effects of competitive and cooperative games on aggressive and cooperative behaviors of 70 children (4 to 5 years old) from four classes in three preschools. The experimental design included both multiple baseline and reversal components. Behaviors were measured during game conditions and in subsequent free-play periods. Results showed that cooperative behavior increased and aggression decreased during cooperative games; conversely, competitive games were followed by increases in aggressive behavior and decreases in cooperative behavior. Similar effects were also found during free-play periods. OBJECTIVE AND AIM OF THE STUDY: To examine the aggression among indoor game players and outdoor game players. Hypothesis: 1)Outdoor game players have significantly high aggression than the indoor game players. 2)Outdoor game players have significantly high ego strength than the indoor game players. METHOD: Sample: For the present study 200 game players were selected from Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabd, and Maharashtra State, India. The effective sample consisted of 200 game players, 100 indoor game players and 100 outdoor game players. The age range of subjects was 18-26years Ratio were 1:1, as well as ratio of male and female were 1:1. TOOLS: Aggression Scale (1983) (A scale): This test is developed and standardized by Km Roma Pal and Mrs. Tasneem Naqvi. The test consisted of 30 Items and Five Alternatives. The reliability coefficient of the test was found 0.82. Differential Personality Inventory (DPI): This test is developed and standardized by L.N.K. Shinha and Arun Kumar Singh. Measure of Ego Strength. The test consisted of 165 Items. The subjects were required to respond to each item in terms of 'True' OR 'False'. The test retest Reliability Coefficient Range from .73 to .86 which were high and significant indicating that the Different dimensions of the Scale have sufficient Temporal Stability.

Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 2 Issue 7 Aug 2012

A Study Of Aggression And Ego Strength Of Indoor Game Players And Outdoor Game Players

PROCEDURES OF DATA COLLECTION: For data collection first permission has been taken from respective sources than the despondence has been selected for data collection. Personal data sheet (PDS) has been given to collect the primary information with respect to subject's related variables then standardized test administer to the subjects. Before that rapport was established with subjects. And they have been told that their responses were kept confidential and the information is used for research purpose only. VARIABLES: Independent variable: Game Players Dependant variable: 1) Aggression 2) Ego Strength a) Indoorb) Outdoor

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Indoor Game Players and Outdoor Game Players Shows the mean S.D and 't' value of Aggression and Ego Strength

Game Player Mean Aggression Ego Strength

58.64 11.09

Indoor SD
8.10 3.26

Outdoor SE
0.81 0.33

Mean
67.19 15.84

SD
10.05 4.11

SE
1.00 0.41

DF
198 198

t
6.62** 9.05**

The results related to the hypothesis have been recorded. Mean of Aggression of the indoor game players is 58.64 and outdoor game players Mean is 67.19 the difference between the two mean is highly significant ('t'= 6.62, df =198, P < 0.01). Second Mean of Ego strength of the indoor game players is 11.09 and outdoor game players Mean is 15.84 the difference between the two mean is highly significant ('t'= 9.05, df =198, P < 0.01). RESULTS: 1)Outdoor game players have significantly high aggression than the indoor game players. 2)Outdoor game players have significantly high ego strength than the indoor game players. REFERENCE
Akert, R.M., Aronson, E., & Wilson, T.D. (2010). Social Psychology (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Buss, D. M., & Duntley, J. D. The evolution of aggression. (2006). In M. Schaller, J. A. Simpson, & D. T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolution and Social Psychology (pp. 263-286). New York: Psychology Press. Gould, D., & Pick, S. (1995). Sport psychology: The Griffith Era, 1920-1940. The Sport Psychologist, 9, 391-405. Retrieved June 25, 2011 from PsycNET. Green, C.D. & Benjamin, L.T. (2009). Psychology gets in the game. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Murphy HA, Hutchison JM, Bailey JS. Behavioral school psychology goes outdoors: the effect of organized games on playground aggression. J Appl Behav Anal. 1983 Spring;16(1):2935. Van Goozen, S. 'Hormones and the Developmental Origins of Aggression' Chapter 14 in Developmental Origins of Aggression, 2005, The Guilford Press. Weinberg, R.S. & Gould, D. (2010). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 2 Issue 7 Aug 2012