Graphite vade mecum

Contents 1. General information 2. Specifications 3. Product overview 4. Sale shapes 5. Operating conditions 6. Applications 7. Parameters in accordance with DIN EN 13555 8. Material specifications 9. Chemical resistance

Klinger AG Egliswil, Industrie Nord, CH-5704 Egliswil, Phone. +41 62 7693030, Fax +41 62 7693033

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1.

General information

Graphite Laminate Klinger graphite laminate is made from expanded graphite layers which are either glued onto plain sheet metal or rolled onto tanged sheet metal. A homogenous graphite laminate is obtained by sticking homogenous graphite foils together. The adhesive layer is invoked by means of a controlled process which allows - the volume of adhesive to remain less than 1% of the graphite volume - an even distribution of the adhesive to be guaranteed The advantage of this method is that the excellent properties of flexible graphite are retained. As only a low quantity of adhesive is used, the exceptional chemical and thermal resistance of the graphite is not affected.

Properties of graphite Graphite is characterised by a number of peculiarities, such as, for example: - Temperature resistance from -200C to +450C (or higher in an inert atmosphere) - Exceptional micro-sealing - Exceptional resistance to temperature fluctuations - High thermal conductivity on level ground - No heat or cold transfer, either under pressure or temperature load - Flexibility in the whole temperature range - No swelling or shrinking under the influence of agents - Unlimited shelf life - Easy manipulation - No risk to health

Non-stick coating In order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flange surface (even at high temperatures), the graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customer's request. With this process step, it is a matter of coating the graphite surface and not impregnation.

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Chemical resistance Graphite is resistant to almost all agents such as acids, alkalis, solvents, fats, oils, gas, vapour and water. Exceptions to this are strong oxidising agents such as concentrated nitric acid, potassium chlorate, permanganate solutions and chloric acid. Details can be found in the resistance table (Item 9). The resistance of the fillers used are also to be taken into consideration!

Shelf-life As a rule, storage temperature, exposure to light, etc. do not have any influence on the shelf-life of graphite laminates. However, the following conditions for proper storage should be adhered to in order to achieve shelf-lives of > 10 years: - Temperature range -20C to +50C - Clean and dry air (no particles of dirt, no aggressive gases or vapours) - Protection from damages - Store flat goods horizontally

Usage parameters Because of the high requirements which are placed on the safety of sealing joints and the demands which apply nowadays for the utmost imperviousness, it is necessary to choose and fit the right gasket with the corresponding know-how. The adjustment to the unevenness of the sealing surface is dependent on the compressibility of the gasket as well as the surface texture of the sealing surface and the surface contact pressure. When choosing the material, it must be ensured that the agent resistance of the gasket material is also specified under operating conditions. As a rule, well compressed gaskets are more resistant than slightly compressed gaskets. The overall properties regarding strength and statics are determined by the whole gasket system. Subject to the high requirements of the imperviousness of flange joints, high surface contact pressures must be invoked on the gasket with increasing internal pressure. For such operating conditions, it must be checked whether this flanged joint is also able to withstand this load without being mechanically overloaded. So that the sealing joint is impermeable, a set minimum surface contact pressure is required. Furthermore, it is exceptionally important for the life span of the gasket that the required minimum surface contact pressure of the gasket is never fallen short of when the gasket is in operation. Higher compressed, but not over compressed, gaskets have a longer life span than slightly compressed gaskets. It cannot however be guaranteed

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that the incorporated gasket is exclusively statically loaded or, in the case that voltage fluctuations are to be expected during discontinuous operation, then special gasket materials which do not get brittle at high temperatures are used for water / vapour applications.

For gaskets which are used in the discontinuous operation of water-vapour circuits, a minimum surface contact pressure during operation of 30MPa is recommended as a general rule. In such cases, the gasket should be as thin as is both technically possible and reasonable. The imperviousness is dependent on, amongst other things, the surface contact pressure invoked during installation and which remains during operation. A properly chosen and installed gasket will have a long life span. The multiple usage of gaskets is advised against for safety reasons. The maximum permissible surface contact pressure of the gasket material subject to pressure, temperature and gasket thickness must not be exceeded. The sealing joint remains impervious if the surface contact pressure during operation is higher than the required minimum surface contact pressure and the maximum permissible surface contact pressure BO of the gasket is not exceeded. A generally binding rule for determining the required gasket thickness does not exist. A thickness of 2mm is usually sufficient; thinner gaskets permit higher surface contact pressures.

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2.

Graphite specifications
Quality mm 3 g/cm % % ppm ppm ppm % % MPa ml/min A 0.25 1.00 1.00 99.8 0.2 20 600 < 450 40 50 10 15 >4 < 0.25 < 0.40 < 0.55 W/mK W/mK m/mC m/mC J/kgK 180 - 200 4-6 B 0.20 1.50 1.00 99.0 1.0 40 800 40 50 10 15 >4 < 0.25 < 0.40 < 0.55 180 - 200 4-6 ca. 1 10 . -6 ca. 30 10 710
3 . -6

Property Thickness Density Purity Ash content Leachable chloride Sulfur Total halogens Compressibility Recovery Tensile strength Leakage rate (DIN 3535) - Foil thickness < 0.63 mm - Foil thickness 0.63 - 1.00 mm - Foil thickness > 1.00 mm Thermal conductivity - along length and width - through thickness Thermal expansion - parallel to layers - through thickness Specific heat

C 0.20 1.50 1.00 98.0 2.0 50 1100 40 50 10 15 >4 < 0.40 < 0.70 < 1.00 180 - 200 4-6

Klinger Graphite laminate is usually produced with graphite density 1.00 g/cm . Other densities have to be ordered specifically. 3 Exception: PDM with 2 tanged inserts and graphite density 1.3 g/cm . Graphite qualities: A high purity B standard C economy

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3.
Name

Product overview
Type
laminate homogeneous homogeneous laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate laminate homogeneous laminate Insert expanded tang tang tang tang tang tang tang plain plain glas fibre plain plain wire mesh foil foil tang tang

Insert
Basic material 1.4404 / passo 4 PET overlay DIN 1624 1.4401/1.4404 graphite compressed alloy C276 alloy 625 monel 400 1.4401/1.4404 1.4401/1.4404 aluminum one-side self-adhesive aluminum glas fibre nickel 1.4401/1.4404 1.4301 PET overlay self-adhesive PET 1.4401/1.4404 1.4401/1.4404 Thickness 0.50 mm 0.01 mm 0.20 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm 0.03 mm 0.10 mm 0.20 mm 0.01 mm 0.05 mm 0.18 mm 0.01 mm 0.01 mm 0.10 mm 0.10 mm

ESM G H / HL PCM PDM PHM PIM PMM PSE PSM * SAB SLA SLG SLN SLS SLW SMB SML TSM ** X *** XSM ***

* insert 0.05 mm available on request ** TA-Luft laminate *** continuous service temperatur up to 550 C All graphite laminates (no rolls) can be printed with Klinger logo or tailor made logo.

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4.
4.1 Name

Sale shapes
Rolls Graphite quality Thickness (mm) Width (mm)
1000 1000 1000 500 / 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 0.20 1.00 0.25 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.45 1.00 0.20 1.00 0.75 1.00 0.50 1.00

Size Length (m)

30 - 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100 30 100

Density (g/cm3)
0.70 / 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

H SAB SLA SLN SLS SMB SML X

A B C B C B C A B C A B C B C B C B

The diameter of the core cartridge for graphite foils can be either 105 mm or 150 mm.

4.2 Name

Sheets Graphite quality Thickness (mm) (mm)

2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 1000 x 910 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 1500 x 1000 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 0.50 3.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 0.60 3.00 0.25 1.00 0.60 2.00 0.60 2.00 0.60 3.00 0.50 3.00 1.00 3.00

Size (mm)
1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 610 1000 x 610 1000 x 610 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 500 1000 x 1000 -

(mm)
1500 x 1500 1500 x 1500 1500 x 1500 1500 x 1500 1500 x 1500 -

ESM G H / HL * PCM PDM PHM PIM PMM PSE PSM * SAB SLA SLG SLN SLS ** SLW

B C B A B C B C B C A B C A B C A B C C A B C B C B C B C A B C A B C B C

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Name

Graphite quality Thickness (mm) (mm)

2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 2000 x 1000 0.20 1.00 0.75 3.00 1.00 3.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 3.00

Size (mm)
1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000 1000 x 1000

(mm)
-

SMB SML TSM *** X XSM

B C B C B B B

Other qualities, thicknesses and sizes on request * sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality B and C ** sheet size 1500 x 1500 mm only for graphite quality C *** impregnated foil (TA-Luft laminate) The graphite surface can be given a non-stick coating at the customers request for an additional charge (exception: Type G).

5.
pi
100

Operating conditions

Rule of thumb for thickness 2.00 mm

90

T
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

pi (bar) < 20 20 - 80 20 - 100

H / HL SLS PSM

(C) < 450 < 450 < 450

Seating stress (MPa) 20 - 40 25 - 60 25 - 100

MPa
20 40

60

80

100

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6.

Applications
PSM 200-3

H / HL

PSM

Industry TA-Luft Automotive industry

Components Exhaust systems Cylinger head gaskets Standard flanges Tongue-and-groove flanges Vessel / equipment flanges Gaskets up to 1500 mm Glas/plastics/enamel surface Highly corrosive media High gasket pressure Mechanical shear movement Fittings Vessels / equipment Pipework Inspection glasses Waste gas purification

Chemical industry

Gas technology Power station technology Engine building Food industry Water supply recommended suitable

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XSM

PDM

TSM

SLS

7.

Parameters in accordance with DIN EN 13555

Gasket parameter Qmin(L) The gasket parameter Qmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure on the gasket when being installed at room temperature so that by adjusting the gasket to the roughness of the flange gasket surfaces and sealing the internal leakage paths, the required tightness class L for the specified internal pressure is achieved.

Gasket parameter QSmin(L) The gasket parameter QSmin(L) is defined in DIN EN 13555 as the minimum required surface contact pressure under operating conditions, this means following pressure relief in operation at the operating temperature so that the required tightness class L for the specified internal pressure is maintained. . Gasket parameter QSmax In DIN EN 13555, the gasket parameter QSmax is defined as the maximum surface contact pressure with which the gasket can be loaded at the specified temperature without the gasket collapsing or failure occurring as a result of compressive strain. Gasket parameter PQR This characteristic is defined as a factor for taking into consideration the relaxation influence (settling properties, thickness reduction) on the gasket load after the screws are tightened and the long-term effect of the operating temperatures.

Secant modulus EG Secant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) in [MPa].

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Gasket parameters according to DIN EN 13555

Product Qmin (MPa) pi = 40bar RT, He L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 < 10 17 50 < 10 24 76 < 10 27 74 < 10 17 50 < 10 < 10 36 < 10 22 70 < 10 17 37 < 10 18 37 < 10 25 52 11 28 66 < 10 18 53 < 10 16 43 20 68 20 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 12 < 10 < 10 QSmin (MPa) pi = 40 bar, RT, He QA (MPa) 40 60 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 40 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 11 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 39 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 27 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 30 14 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 30 11 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 37 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 38 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 12 < 10 < 10 Temp (C) 80 < 10 < 10 13 < 10 < 10 71 < 10 < 10 68 < 10 < 10 15 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 62 < 10 < 10 11 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 12 < 10 < 10 41 < 10 < 10 13 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 46 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 QSmax * (MPa) >200 >200 140 120 110 100 >200 >200 140 180 140 120 >200 >200 >200 200 100 60 >240 >240 >240 >240 >240 180 140 100 PQR *
Q = 50 MPa

H1000B H1500B HL150B H2000B HL200B SLS100B

SLS150B

SLS200B

ESM150B

ESM200B

ESM300B

PSM100B

PSM150B

PSM200B

PSM300B

0.99 0.95 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.94 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.94 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.95 0.98 0.89 0.99 0.97 0.99 0.94 0.99 0.94 0.99 0.98

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Product

Qmin (MPa) pi = 40bar RT, He L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 L1.0 L0.1 L0.01 15 39 < 10 33 72 < 10 21 56 < 10 < 10 12 < 10 < 10 15 20 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10

PSM 200B-3 PDM150B

PDM200B

TSM150B

TSM200B

QSmin (MPa) pi = 40 bar, RT, He QA (MPa) 40 60 < 10 < 10 36 < 10 < 10 < 10 16 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 48 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10

Temp (C) 80 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 57 < 10 < 10 17 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300

QSmax * (MPa) >240 >240 >240 >240 220 180 100 120 80 80

PQR *
Q = 50 MPa

0.99 0.94 0.99 0.96 0.99 0.92 0.98 0.94 0.99 0.92

*stiffness 500 kN/mm

Temp Product (C) RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 20 494 799 409 518 387 494 440 649 422 512 459 560 856 820

H1000B H1500B HL150B H2000B HL200B SLS100B

SLS150B

SLS200B

ESM150B

Secant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) EG (MPa) Q (MPa) 40 60 80 100 120 1225 2255 3048 3675 4853 1351 1918 3259 3937 4627 1006 1794 2617 3496 4432 925 1607 2278 3048 3934 932 1698 2414 3332 924 1615 2339 3201 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 971 1934 2794 3460 4180 1021 1826 2477 3199 3666 980 1618 2442 3342 3955 1134 2019 3015 3790 5310 1137 1922 2983 3443 4927 2222 3459 4570 5300 6257 2148 3218 3920 4642 -

140 5096 4844 5886 4704 4528 -

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Temp Product (C) RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 RT RT RT 300 RT 300 RT 300 20 617 588 440 596 500 694 509 656 497 588 496 589 608 731 611 680 531 608 478 437 424 445

ESM200B

ESM300B

PSM100B

PSM150B

PSM200B

PSM300B PSM 200B-3 PDM150B

PDM200B

TSM150B

TSM200B

Sekant modulus of the gasket (pressure relief) EG (MPa) Q (MPa) 40 60 80 100 120 1559 2357 3484 4250 5180 1218 2068 2917 3545 4288 1115 1904 2656 3228 4243 1034 1726 3463 1378 1912 2571 4202 4397 1105 1870 2533 2706 3780 1217 1944 2590 3340 4911 1142 2076 2769 3200 3681 1166 2038 2664 3415 4042 1077 1690 2621 2847 4055 1156 2023 2823 3921 4461 1138 1947 2752 3620 1480 2527 3126 4240 4970 1332 2033 2939 3708 4790 1136 2050 3211 3478 4405 1161 1781 2352 3102 4174 1113 1923 2687 3325 4100 1066 1746 2422 3356 3983 1202 2254 3028 4494 843 1393 2094 3098 4006 1067 1979 2787 905 1585 2395 -

140 4749 5053 4456 4409 5091 4940 5454 5750 5610 5212 4793 4808 4679 -

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8.
8.1

Material specifications
Definitions VU/0.1 BU VO BO, 300C m m factor y factor k0 k1 KD KSW KRW WSW WRW Minimum surface contact pressure for achieving leakage class L0.1 (in accordance with DIN 28090-1) Minimum surface contact pressure during operation, whereby BU is the product of operating pressure p and the sealing factor m for the test and operating state (BU = p . m) Maximum permissible surface contact pressure at RT Maximum permissible surface contact pressure during operation BU / pi Similar to m, however defined according to ASTM and therefore a different numerical value Minimum surface contact pressure in MPa in mm, parameter of the effective width of a gasket in mm, empirical parameter of a fictive gasket width in N/mm2, deformation resistance of the gasket material Compression and compressibility under a surface contact pressure of 35 N/mm2 Springback following a pressure relief of 35 N/mm2 on 1 N/mm2 Creep of the gasket under a surface contact pressure of 50 N/mm2 at 300C after 16h Springback following a pressure relief of 50 N/mm2 on 1N/mm2

The percentage thickness changes of KSW, KRW, WSW and WRW relate to the starting thickness of the gasket. The formulae for calculating the gasket parameters in accordance with . . AD data sheet B7 are: k0 KD = VU bD
k1 = m bD
.

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8.2

Homogenous graphite foil

Graphite foil, manufactured from natural graphite, is a homogenous material with no added bonding agents. It has a long usage time in comparison to other gasket materials and does not exhibit any noteworthy change in properties. In order to increase the flexible graphite's resistance to oxidation and corrosion, inhibitors can be used. Furthermore, graphite foils can be given a non-stick surface in order to prevent the gasket material from sticking to the flanged joint. Graphite quality
Standard bulk density Ash content (DIN 51903) Leachable chloride Thermal conductivity at 20C along length and width through thickness Electrical resistance at 20C along length and width through thickness Thermal expansion parallel to layers through thickness Coefficient of permeability (air) through thickness Tensile strength Elongation at break Maximum acceptable compression stress Sample: 20x20mm x thickness 0.35 mm 0.50 mm 1.00 mm Residual stress (DIN 52913) D 16h, 300C, 50MPa g/cm % ppm
. 3

A 0.20 20

B C 0.70 1.00 1.00 2.00 40 50 180 200 46 68 650 - 700 ca. 1 ca. 30 < 2 10 4 1
. -5

X 1.00 25

W / Km . W / Km m m 10 / K -6 10 / K cm / s MPa %
2 -6

MPa MPa MPa MPa

220 200 140 45

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8.3

Homogeneous graphite / graphite laminate

H1000 1.00 HL150 1.50 45 20 150 20 130 25 90 25 85 35 45 46 <4 35 2 6 40 50 15 20 25 85 25 70 25 72 25 61 HL200 2.00 HL300 3.00

Product
Thickness Residual stress D 16h, 300C, 50MPa (DIN 52913) Gasket characteristics VU/0.1 (DIN28090-1) VO mm 2 N / mm N / mm 2 N / mm 2 N / mm 2 N / mm % % % % MPa % %
2

BU/0.1 BO 300C

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2) Compressibility at 20C KSW Recovery at 20C KRW Hot creep during operation WSW Recovery at 300C WRW ASTM m-factor y-factor Compressibility ASTM F36 Recovery ASTM F36

8.4

Graphite laminate with plain stainless steel insert, glued

SLS100 1.00 SLS150 SLS200 1.50 2.00 plain stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404 0.05 1 1 45 20 140 20 85 35 45 46 <4 3-5 2 6 40 50 15 20 25 125 25 75 SLS300 3.00

Product
Thickness Reinforcing data material number thickness number D 16h, 300C, 50MPa mm

mm 1 N / mm
2

Residual stress (DIN 52913) Gasket characteristics (DIN28090-1)

BO 300C

2 VU/0.1 N / mm 2 VO N / mm 2 BU/0.1 N / mm

N / mm % % % % MPa

20 195 20 110

35 80 35 50

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2) Compressibility at 20C KSW Recovery at 20C KRW Hot creep during operation WSW Recovery at 300C WRW ASTM m-factor y-factor Compressibility ASTM F36 Recovery ASTM F36

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8.5

Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert

PSM100 1.00 PSM150 PSM200 PSM300 1.50 2.00 3.00 perforated stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404 0.10 1 1 1 45 25 180 25 140 30 40 46 <4 35 2 6 40 50 15 20 25 140 25 110 30 95 30 80

Product
Dicke Reinforcing data material number thickness number D 16h, 300C, 50MPa mm

mm 1 N / mm
2

Residual stress (DIN 52913) Gasket characteristics (DIN28090-1)

BO 300C

2 VU/0.1 N / mm 2 VO N / mm 2 BU/0.1 N / mm

N / mm % % % % MPa % %

30 210 30 190

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2) Compressibility at 20C KSW Recovery at 20C KRW Hot creep during operation WSW Recovery at 300C WRW ASTM m-factor y-factor Compressibility ASTM F36 Recovery ASTM F36

8.6

Graphite laminate with perforated stainless steel insert, graphite compressed

PDM100 1.00 PDM150 PDM200 PDM300 1.50 2.00 3.00 1.30 perforated stainless steel 1.4401 / 1.4404 0.10 2 2 2 45 35 170 35 150 15 30 46 <4 46 3 25 20 30 18 28 30 140 30 120 30 105 30 95

Product
Thickness Graphite density Reinforcing data material number thickness number D 16h, 300C, 50MPa mm 3 g / cm

mm 2 N / mm
2

Residual stress (DIN 52913) Gasket characteristics (DIN28090-1)

BO 300C

2 VU/0.1 N / mm 2 VO N / mm 2 BU/0.1 N / mm

N / mm % % % % MPa % %

35 255 35 205

Compression factors (DIN 28090-2) Compressibility at 20C KSW Recovery at 20C KRW Hot creep during operation WSW Recovery at 300C WRW ASTM m-factor y-factor Compressibility ASTM F36 Recovery ASTM F36

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9.

Chemical resistance
A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum Hastelloy C276

Resistance Compatibility of media with

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Acetaldehyde Acetic acid Acetic acid amide Acetic acid amylester Acetic acid anhydride Acetic acid butylester Acetone Acetylene Acrylic acid, water free Acrylic acid esters Acrylonitril Adipic acid Air (< 400 C) Alum Aluminum Aluminum acetate Aluminum chlorate Aluminum chloride Aluminum fluoride Aluminum sulfate Amino acids Ammonia (anhydrous) Ammonia (gaseous) Ammonium bifluoride Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chloride Ammonium diphosphate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium persulfate Ammonium phosphate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiocyanate Amyl acetate Amyl alcohol

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A

A A A U B B A U A B A A U A -

A A A A A A A A A A A A A -

B B A B A A A A B B B A -

B B A B B B B A U U B B A -

A A A B B B B A U U B B A -

B B A B U B B A A A U A B -

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A -

A A A A A A A A A A A B A A U U B A A A A B A A A B A A A A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Aniline (aminobenzene) Aniline hydrochloride Anone (cyclohexanone) Aqua regia Aqueous salt solutions - borates - bromides - carbonates - chlorides - chromates (< 20 %) - fluorides - iodides - nitrates - nitrites - phosphates - sulfates Arsenic acid Arsenic trichloride Aureomycin Barium chloride Barium salt, aqueous Beer Benzaldehyde Benzene (benzole) Benzene (gasoline) Benzoic acid Benzyl chloride Benzyl sulfonic acid Black liquor (sulfates) Black liquor (sulfides) Bleach liquor, dry Borax (sodium borate, aq.) Boric acid Bromic acid Bromine, liquor Bromine trifluoride Butadiene

A A A U A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B U U A

B B B A A A A A U A

A A A A A A A A U A

B A A A B A A B U A

B A A A A B U A

B B B A B A B U A

A B B A A A A U U A

A A A A A A A U A

A A U A A A A A A A B A A U U A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Butane Butanone Butyl acetate Butyl alcohol (butanol) Butyl amine Butyl cellosolve Butyl phenol Butyric acid Calcium carbonate Calcium chlorate Calcium chloride Calcium hydroxide Calcium hypochloride Calcium hypochlorite Calcium oxide Calcium sulfate Carbamide (urea) Carbolic acid (phenol) Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Carbonic acids Caustic potash Caustic soda Cesium melt Chloral hydrate Chlorine (dry) Chlorine (wet) Chlorine bleach liquor Chlorine dioxide Chlorine monoxide Chlorine trifluoride Chlorine water Chloroacetic acid Chlorobenzene Chlor ethyl benzene

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A U A U U U U A A A

A A A A A A B B B U A A A A B A A -

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A -

A A A A A A A B A U B A B A A -

A A A A A A B B A U B A B A A -

A A A A A A B B B B B A B A -

A A A A B A B A B U A A U A U -

A A A A A A A A A U A A A A A -

A A A A A A A A B A B A A A A A A A A A A U A U U U U U U A -

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Chloroform Chrome plating station Chromic acid Chroming solutions Chromium trioxide aq. Chromosulfuric acid (< 20%) Citric acid Copper Copper acetate Copper chloride Copper sulfate Cresol Creosote (coal tar) Cresylic acid Crude oil Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone Decaline Dibenzylether Dibutyl phthalate Dichlormethane Dichlorpropionic acid Diethanolamine Diethyl amine Diethyl ether Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl sulfoxide Dioxane Diphenyl ether Dowtherm (all typs) Electropolishing solutions Engine oils Epichlorohydrin Ethane

A A A B B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

B A U U B A -

A A B A A -

B B U B B B -

U B U B B B -

U B U B B B -

U B U A A -

A A B A A A -

A U B A A B A A A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A A A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Ethanol Ethanolamine Ethers Ethyl acetate Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Ethyl alcohol, chlorinated Ethyl amine Ethyl butyl ester Ethyl chloride Ethyl mercaptane Ethyl methyl ketone (MEK) Ethylene Ethylenchlorohydrin Ethylendiamine Ethylendibromide Ethylendichloride Ethylenglycol Ethylenoxide Fatty acids Fatty alcohols Ferric chloride Ferric sulfate Ferrous chloride Ferrous sulfate Fluorine (gaseous) Fluorine (liquid) Fluorine dioxide Fluorobenzene Folic acids Formaldehyde Formic acid Formic acid amide Freon (11, 12, 14) Fuel oil Furfural

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B U U A A A A A A A A

A A B U B B U A A

A A A A A A A A A

B A B U U A B B B

B A B U U A B B A

B A B U U A B A B

A A B A U U B U A A

A A A U A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A U A U U U A A B A A A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Glue Glycerine Glycols Gold Heat transfer oils Heptane Hexachloro benzene Hydraulic oils Hydrazine Hydrazine hydrate Hydrobromic acid Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons, fluorinated Hydrochloric acid Hydrocyanic acid Hydrofluoric acid, 40% Hydrogen bromide Hydogen fluoride Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide (aqueous) Iodine Iron Isooctane Isopropyl acetate Isopropyl alcohol Isopropyl ether Lactic acid Lauryl alcohol Lead acetate Linseed oil Lye (caustic) Magnesium Magnesium carbonate Magnesium chloride Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium nitrate

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A U A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

A A U U A U A A B A U B B U A

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

A A U U B A B B B A A A A A B

A A U U B A B B U A A A A A B

A A U U B A B B U A A A A A -

A A U U B U U U U A A U B A B

A A U U A U A A A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A U A A U A U A B A A A A A B A A A A A A A A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Magnesium sulfate Maleic acid Maleic acid anhydride Manganese carbonate Manganese chloride Manganese sulfate Mannitol Mercaptanes Mercury Mercury chloride Methane Methyl alcohol (methanol) Methyl chloride Methyl ethyl ether Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl isobutyl ketone Methylene chloride Morpholine Muriatic acid Nickel chloride Nickel plating station Nickel sulfate Nitric acid Nitrous acid Nitrobenzene Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Nitrosulfuric acid Octane Octyl alcohol Oleic acid Oxalic acid Oxygen (< 300 C)

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B A A A U A A A A A

A A U U U A U U U U A A B A B -

A B B A A A A A B B A A B A A -

B B B A U A U U U U U A B A B -

B B B B U A U U U B A A B B B -

B B B B U A U U U U U A B B B -

A U U A U A B U U U A B A B B U -

A A B A U A U U B B A A B A A -

A A A A A A A U A A A A A A U A U U U A A B A A A U A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Paint thinner Palmitic acid Paradichloro benzene Paraffin oil Paraldehyde Pentachlorphenyl acetic acid Pentane Perchlorethylene Perchloric acid Petroleum Petroleum ether Phenol Phenyl acetic acid Phosgene Phosphoric acid Phosphorous trichloride Phthalic acid Picric acid Potassium (< 350 C) Potassium acetate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium chromate Potassium cyanide Potassium hydrogensulfate Potassium hydroxide Potassium hypochloride Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Potassium permanganate Potassium silicate Potassium sulfate Propane Propylene Pyridine

A A A A A A A A U A A A A A B A A A A A A A U A B A A A A A U A A A A A A

A A A U A B B B U U A -

A A A A A A A A A A B -

A A B B U B B B B B B -

A A B B U A A B B A B -

A A B B U B B B B A B -

A A U U A B B A A B A A -

A A A A A A A A A A A -

A A A A U A A A A A B A A A A A U A U A A A U A U A A A A A

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Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Sea water Sewage water Silicones Siloxanes Silver Silver nitrate Soaps Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bisulfate Sodium borate, aqueous Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sodium nitrate Sodium peroxide Sodium phosphate Sodium silicate Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfide Soja bean oil Starch solutions, acidified Stearic acid Steam (all commercial) Styrene Sulfonic acids Sulfur (molten) Sulfur chloride Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur monochloride Sulfur trioxide Sulfuric acid, < 70 % Sulfuric acid, > 70% Sulfuric acid, fuming Sulfurous acid

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A U B U U A

B B U B B B A B B B U U A A A B A U A A A A U A -

A B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A -

B B A A B A B B A A U A B B B B B B A A B A -

B U A A B A B B A A U B B B B B B B B A U B A -

B U A A B B B A A U B B B B B B B A U B A -

B B U A B U A B A A A U A B B A A A U B A A B A -

A A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A A A A A A A -

A A A A A A A A A A A U U A A A A A B A A A A A U A U U U U B

- 26 -

Resistance Compatibility of media with

A = resistant
Graphite Aluminum

B = reservedly resistant

C = not resistant

Graphite laminate with ...... insert Hastelloy C276 Inconel 625 Monel 400 Nickel 200 Titanium Grade 1.0330 2 Steel AISI 316 316L

Sulfuric acid, > 70% Sulfuric acid, fuming Sulfurous acid Tannic acid Tannin Tartaric acid Tetrachloroethane Tetralin Thionylchloride Tin Tin chloride Toluene Transformer oils Tricalcium phosphate Trichloro acetic acid Trichlorethylene Triethanolamine Triethylamino ethanol Trisodium phosphate Turpentine Vinegar Vinyl acetate Xylene Zinc Zinc ammonium chloride Zinc chloride Zinc sulfate

U U A A A A A A B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

B B U B U B

A A A A B A

B B B A B B

B B B A B B

B B B A B B

U U U B U B B

A A A A A A

U U B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A U A

The technical data stated has been determined with standard material under laboratroy conditions. With the variety of installation and operating conditions no guarantee claim can be inferred regarding the behaviour of a flange joint. The suitability of the product for its purposes has to be determined indepedently by the buyer. We reserve the right to product changes which serve the purpose of technical progress.

Edition: 08.2011 / Rev. 06.2012

Klinger AG Egliswil, Industrie Nord, CH-5704 Egliswil, Phone. +41 62 7693030, Fax +41 62 7693033 www.klinger-ag.ch, E-Mail: info@klinger-ag.ch

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