Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological The Global Business Environment: The Global Marketplace is complex,

omplex, interdependent, and dynamic Challenges include politics, culture, and technology Managers must find a balance between social responsibility, company image, and competitive strategies More focused on Global Management Global competition is characterized by networks that bind countries to one another Globalism trends o A borderless world o Increase in exports o Increase in direct foreign investment o Dominance of trading blocs

Regional Trading Blocs The Triad Western Europe Asia North America

Other Regions Central and Eastern Europe China Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

The TRIAD Three regional free-trade blocs o Western Europe, Asia, and North America Grouped around three dominant currencies o Euro, Yen, and Dollar In 2004, these trade blocs were expanding their boarders to include neighboring countries

Comparative Management in Focus India India has witnessed a change in values, habits and options during the last decade The economy, second fastest growing in the world, is expected to grow close to 7% this year Fastest growing telecom market with more than one million new mobile phone subscriptions per month Indians are buying 10,000 motorcycles a day India had 192 million households in 2001 Only 31.6% have a television Only 2.5% have a car, jeep or van Foreign investors have invested $5 billion into the Indian stock market Information Technology Information Technology is transforming the international managers agenda more than any other item Information is no longer centrally or secretly controlled by governments Information technology is boosting productivity and electronic commerce around the world The Globalization of Human Capital Forrester Research predicts that 3.3 Million US jobs will move offshore by 2015 45% of the 500 US companies surveyed state that they use a global sourcing model

The Political and Economic Environment One important aspect is the phenomenon of ethnicity Driving force behind political instability Firms must assess political risks o Government actions that could adversely affect the long-run profitability or value of a firm

Typical risk events Expropriation of corporate assets without prompt and adequate compensation Forced sale of equity to host-country nationals, usually at or below depreciated book value Discriminatory treatment against foreign firms in the application of regulations or laws Barriers to repatriation of funds (profits or equity)

Loss of technology or other intellectual property (such as patents, trademarks, or trade names) Interference in managerial decision making Dishonesty by government officials, including canceling or altering contractual agreements, extortion demands, and so forth

Managing Political Risk Avoidance either the avoidance or withdrawal of investment in a particular country Adaptation adjust to the political environment Dependency keeping the host nation dependent on the parent corporation Hedging minimizing the losses associated with political risk events

Economic Risk The economic risk incurred by a foreign corporation usually falls into one of two main categories: its subsidiary (or other investment) in a specific country may become unprofitable if the government abruptly changes its domestic monetary or fiscal policies or if the government decides to modify its foreign-investment policies. Some Means that Managers Might Use to Maintain Dependency Input control, Market control, Position control, Staged contribution strategies

A countrys level of economic development generally determines its economic stability Economic risk falls into 2 categories o Government changes its fiscal policies o Government modifies its foreign-investment policies Managers are constantly reassessing economic risk

The Legal Environment Managers will comply with the host countrys legal system o Common Law past court decisions act as precedents to the interpretation of the law o Civil Law comprehensive set of laws organized into codes, interpretation is based on reference to codes and statues o Muslim law based on religious beliefs, it dominates all aspects of life

The Technological Environment Corporations must consider the accelerating macro-environmental phenomenon of technoglobalism (rapid developments in information and communication technologies) Corporations must consider the appropriability of technology

Global E-Business E-business the integration of systems, processes, organizations, value chains and entire markets using Internet-based and related technologies and concepts. E-commerce - refers directly to the marketing and sales process via the Internet Convenience in conducting business worldwide; facilitating communication across borders contributes to the shift toward globalization and a global market. An electronic meeting and trading place, which adds efficiency in conducting business sales. A corporate Intranet service, merging internal and external information for enterprises worldwide. Power to consumers as they gain access to limitless options and price differentials. A link and efficiency in distribution.