GEOMETRY SPACES: THE CONE

How to Find the Volume and Area of Cone

Basic Competence

: Identify the characteristic of Geometry Spaces

Standard Competence : Understand the characteristics of the geometry spaces and the relationship for each space. Objectives : 1. Mention the characteristics of cone 2. Illustrate the form of a cone 3. Determine the volume and surface area of a cone 4. Solve and understand the problems about cone CONCEPT MAP

The Characteristics of Cone The Cone Solve and undestand the problems

Understand the design of cone The volume and surface area of cone

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PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

HELLO, STUDENTS! HOW ARE YOU? ARE YOU READY TO STUDY? IN THIS PART, WE WILL RECALL YOUR PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CYLINDER.

In the previous chapter, you have learned about cylinder. What do you know about cylinder?

Definition of cylinder: A cylinder is a solid object with two identical flat/base ends that are circular or elliptical and one curved side. It has the same cross-section from one end to the other.

To find the area of cylinder, we use the steps below: = 2 2 + 2 Where you know that: is Pi, approximately 3.142 r is the radius of the cylinder h height of the cylinder To find the volume of a cylinder, use the steps below: = 2 , Where Pi, r is the radius and h is the height.
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or

= 2( + )

LETS WE LEARN MORE ABOUT CONE!

IN OUR LIFE, YOU WILL FIND SO MANY APPLICATION OF CONE. IN ARCHITECTURE, ART, TECHNOLOGY AND MANY THINGS APPLY THE FORM OF CONE!

A. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONE

Definition: Cone is a three-dimensional figure that has one circular base and one vertex. You could think of a cone as being a pyramid with a circular base.
WHAT IS VERTEX? WHAT IS BASE? REMEMBER THE PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE

The form of cone is similar to a regular pyramid except that its base is a circle. The vocabularies and equations for the right circular cone are similar to those for the

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regular pyramid. Refer to the picture 1 below for the vocabulary regarding right circular cones.

Picture1. The right circular cone The base of cone is a circle; look at the net of the cone below:

Picture2. The net of cone If the point of the cone is right above the center of its base, then it's a right cone, because the line from the center of the base to the point of the cone meets the base at a right angle (it is perpendicular to the base). When people say a cone, they usually mean a right cone, but cones don't really have to be right cones. When the vertex of a cone is not aligned directly above the center of its base, it is called an oblique cone.

Picture3. Oblique cone

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This ice cream cone is an example of a right cone. To find the surface area of a cone (suppose you wanted to dip the cone in chocolate and you needed to know how much chocolate would cover the whole cone?), you would need to know the length of the line segment running from the edge of the circular base to the point of the cone. Hence, you need to find the surface area of the cone. But suppose you wanted to fill the cone with ice cream? How much ice cream would you need? To find out, you'd have to figure out the volume of the cone. NOW, WE WILL EXPLORE HOW TO FIND THE SURFACE AREA AND THE VOLUME OF CONE!

B. THE SURFACE AREA OF CONE

A cone can be broken down into two parts - the top part, and the circular disc as the base. We can find the total surface area by adding these together. 1. The base is a circle of radius r. The area of as circle is given by = 2 2. The top section has an area given by = where r is the radius at the base, and s is the slant height.

Picture4. The Slant height and the radius The slant height is the distance along the cone surface from the top to the bottom rim. If you are given the perpendicular height, you can find the slant height using the
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Pythagorean Theorem. The perpendicular height is the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base of the cone. The slant height or s of a right cone is the distance from the vertex to the circumference of the base By adding these together we get the final formula: = + 2

EXAMPLE
Find the surface area of the roof elements needed to cover the cone roof shown beside. We are not going to cover the circular base; so we only need the area of the top, sloping part of the cone.

From the above we see that the area of the sloping top is given by = . The radius r of the cone at its base is 3ft (half the diameter), and the slant height s is 12ft. Substituting these into the formula, = = . 3.12 = 113.097 .

C. THE VOLUME OF CONE

Lets Do Experiment!

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Use a cylinder and a cone which have same heights and same diameter to prove:

Volume of Cylinder = 3 Volume of Cone

The steps: 1. Make sure that the cylinder and the cone have same heights and same diameter of base

2. Fulfill the cone with powder or you can use other material to define the volume of cone 3. Put the powder in the cone into the cylinder 4. The cylinder will full after three times we put the powder from the cone

In the prior knowledge section, we have learned about the volume of cylinder. Now, we will try to find the volume of cone based on the volume of cylinder. From the experiment we got that: = 3 2 = 3 = 2 3

Hence, to find the volume of cone we can use this rule: = 2 3

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EXAMPLE
Find the volume of a cone with a height of 6 inches and a radius of 4 inches: Solution: Thus, applying the volume formula of a cone, we would get: V = 1/3 ( r2 x h) or, V = 1/3 (3.14 x 42 x 6) or, V = 1/3 (3.14 x 96) or, V = 1/3 (301.44) or, V = 100.48 inch3 Thus, Volume of the cone = 100.48 inch3

SUMMARY
Definition: Cone is a three-dimensional figure that has one circular base and one vertex.

A cone with its vertex vertically above the centre of the circular base is called right cone
The slant height or s of a right cone is the distance from the vertex to the circumference of the base Volume of cones = = =
1 3 1 3

1 2 3

Surface Area of Cones = + = 2 + = ( + ) (r = radius of the circular base; s = slant height of the cone)

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EXERCISE

Analyze the problems below: 1. In a cone, the radius r is given as 2 and the slant height s as 6. Find its surface area and volume. 2. Find the area of a cone with a radius r=3 m and height h=4 m. 3. Find the volume of a cone with a radius r=1 m and height h=1 m 4. From the exercise 3, find the volume of a cylinder with a radius r=1 m and height h=1 m. 5. Find the volume of a cone if the diameter is 12 cm and the side length is 10 cm Answer the problems below: 1. A cone has a slant height of 8 inches and a surface area of 48 square inches. What are the volume and radius of this cone? 2. A cone has a height of 6 and a volume of V = 8p. What are the radius and surface area of this cone?

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REFERENCES

Ngadiyono, Mikan Hadi. Pandai Berhitung Matematika untuk Sekolah Dasar dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Kelas V. Buku Sekolah Elektronik. Pusat Perbukuan Nasional Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta. Wen, Tan Yu. 2010. Be Great at Mathematics. Singapore Asian Publication. Singapore. http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Cone.html retrieved on 30 January, 2011. http://library.thinkquest.org/20991/geo/solids.html retrieved on 30 January, 2011. http://www.mathopenref.com/conearea.html retrieved on 30 January, 2011. http://www.mathsteacher.com.au/year8/ch10_geomcons/09_cones/cylinder.htm retrieved on 30 January, 2011. http://www.ricksmath.com/cylinders-cones-spheres.html retrieved on 30 January, 2011.

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