INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT GBB/GCB 2033

NO 1 2 3 4 5

TOPIC OF ARTICLES/LITERATURES Identity, Deep Structure and Development of Leadership Skills Development of Leadership Skills: Experience and Timing Using Employee Voluntering Programs to Develop Leadership Skills Enhancing Leadership Skills in Volunteers Enhances Your Career with Leadership Skills

Prepared by SAKINAH ZAINUDDIN NABIHATI HASNA HASMI Section: PE MAY SEMESTER 2012 13778 13760

Leadership Skills May1 2

Article 1: Identity, Deep Structure and Development of Leadership Skills

This article, Identity, Deep Structure and Development of Leadership Skills written by Robert G. Lord and Rosalie J. Hall suggest that development of leadership skills occur over an extended period of time. In general, the term leadership development will have a broader definition. However, in this article, it is referred to as acquisition of leadership skills by individual includes the capacity to elicit leadership from others. The main idea was the skill acquisition depends on both the ability to access problem specific knowledge and upon processing skills. I agree with the authors who said that major development of leadership involves social interaction between leaders and followers as a good leader will definitely has an effective communication with his followers. Besides addressing leadership skills in abstract and general term, the specific skills domain associated with leadership are also being discussed in this article. The five highlighted skills here are task skills, emotional skills, social skills, meta-monitoring skills and values. In developing leadership skills, the leader self identity also plays a big role as it turns out to be the source of motivational and directional forces. This will determine the extent to which leader put themselves in development situation. The subordinate will also get motivated by the leader who portrays a excellent self identity. The authors also proposed that the leadership performance is organized in term of progression in skills level from novice, to intermediate and expert. Each level is differentiated by the leaders knowledge and capability to process information. In summary, the development of leadership skills is clearly portrayed in this article by the authors. Thus, it can be concluded that the leadership skills is not specified to certain group of people only. In fact, it can be developed in everyone. 2

GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management

Leadership Skills May1 2

Article 2: Development of Leadership Skills: Experience and Timing

The article Development of Leadership Skills: Experience and Timing was published in Leadership Quarterly, Volume 11, Issue 1. This article examines the leadership skills proposed by Mumford, Zaccaro, Harding, Jacobs and Fleishman (2000) and how they differ across multiple organizational levels as a function of experience in organizational leadership roles. Either we realize it or not, in most of the cases the leader will usually plays a big role in an organization. Due to that, it can be seen that many organization initiate and execute programs to enhance the leader performance. In this article, it stated that the acquisition of the skills has progressed along two distinct lines. One line focused on structure of skill acquisition as people practice certain task while another one focused on the processed involved as people acquire knowledge and skills in different domain and criteria. As a matter of fact, I am of the same opinion with the authors in which they said that leadership skills and performances will improves over time. Leaders enter an organization as novice, no matter how gifted they are. Skill development may take a substantial period of time. According to this article, development in this sense is progressive, moving from a simple to more complex structure. Experience which promotes skill development at one point of leaders career will be beneficial later. Through this article, a cross sectional design was used to assess differences in leadership skills across six grade levels of officers in US Army. The findings of the assessment prove that, as the grade getting higher, there is increment in knowledge level and skills. However, certain skills and experiences were found to be particularly important at certain level only. In summary, the authors have successfully convinced that the leadership skills are build with experience and time. No matter how great the person is, when he enters an organization he will be a novice. Through experiences and time, he will move forward to intermediate and expert. GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management 2

Leadership Skills May1 2

Article 3: Using Employee Volunteering Programs to Develop Leadership Skills

This article, Using Employee Volunteering Programs to Develop Leadership Skills was written by Christine Bell points out that employee volunteering programs are a good platform in developing leadership skills. Since corporate social responsibility (CSR) is being emphasized by company which links the employees and communities, it is believed that this program gives the opportunity for the employees to consciously develop their skills. The success of a project depends on the commitment of the team leader. In this article, Bell suggests that the team leader was selected from volunteers. To ensure that the employee volunteering programs achieved its objective, Bell added that there are two type of briefing need to be conducted. The first one is related to handling the practicalities of the projects, while another one will involved the team leader which will focused on the success measure. In this article, Bell proposed the 360 feedback which I found out that it is very useful as one of the way to measure the success of the programs. Besides, on this way, we have the chances to review and find the area in which we need to improve. A reflective dialogue session can also help in assessing the programs after it has ended. I believe that this will lead to powerful insight in improving the flaws of the programs. In summary, we can see that the author brought the reader to a new perspective where the leadership skills can be developed not just in formal association but also in programs and events which need leadership skills form one self. In this article, the volunteering experience is said to help in assisting the development of the leadership skills which in the end will benefits the person himself and also the community around. 2

GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management

Leadership Skills May1 2

Article 4: Enhancing Leadership Skills in Volunteers

This article, Enhancing Leadership Skills in Volunteers , written by Landry L. Lockett and Barry Boyd, describes how professionals leading volunteers can purposefully work toward developing the leadership identity of individual volunteer. The author writes this article basically to show the leadership development of volunteer from a program called Extension. From the article, the author keep stressed out that the effective leadership skills can increase demand for quality and relevant educational programming. For my impression, the author starts this article with good statement about the leadership from many researches paper and relates it with Extension volunteer program. One of the statements about the definition of leadership that attracts me is People display leadership when they take action for the common good. This statement indirectly encouraged the reader especially the volunteers to be more anxious in developing their leadership skill in volunteering. Besides, the author states that the continuity of nurturing leadership skills among volunteer can benefit the Extension audiences. In this article, the author points out the importance of leadership in Extension before writing in details about the improving leadership skills in volunteering. By making past research papers as references, the author emphasizes that the leadership skills development in volunteers is an essential can prevent for successful volunteer programs. As for improving leadership skills in volunteers, the author claims that enhancing leadership skills by developing capability and identity. Therefore the author shows the factors contributing to the Development of Leadership Identity and elaborates the points nicely. I believe volunteer can make this article as best guideline in developing their leadership skills. In summary, I quite impressive with the article 2

GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management

Leadership Skills May1 2

because the author gives the helpful information for designing educational program environment full of learning experiences to foster leadership identity.

Article 5: Enhances Your Career with Leadership Skills

This article, Enhance Your Career with Leadership Skills, written by Sharon Ann Holgate, analyses the ways to improve your existing career and even future career by leadership skills. My overall impression is that the author successfully convinces the reader to apply and keep improving their leadership skills in career. This article is not only suitable for the employee but also more useful for the fresh graduates. This is because the author gets relevant, interesting information and tips from the experts in leadership as well as in their career. In this article, the author relies on the information from interviewing many experts like Kerns who co-runs a professional development training company and also a consultant in Flienders University. The author writes this article clearly and systematically by highlighting main points which are developing a vision, encouraging people, sharing leadership in meetings and inspiring respects. For each main points, the author give suffice and helpful quotes from the experts and clearly elaborates and explains the points. Then the author realizes reader especially the researchers to have leadership skill in early stage by quoting the experts said: Whatever role a researcher might be in, they can lead. In summary, the author still can add more points and give more example for each point so that the readers can have clear picture about the article. Besides that, the author should not only focus for the researchers but also should elaborates these generally. GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management 2

Leadership Skills May1 2

REFERENCES:

Bell, C. (2007). Using Employee Volunteering Programs To Develop Leadership Skills, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 21 Iss: 1 pp. 6 8

Lord,R., Hall,R.(2005). Identitiy Deep Structure and Leadership Skills. The Leadership Quarterly,16.591-615.

The

Development

of

Mumford, M. Marks,M. Connelly, M. Zaccaro, S. Reiter-Palmon, R. (2000) Development of Leadership Skills: Experience and Timing. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), 87-114.

Boyd B., L.Locket L.(2012).Enhancing Leadership Skills in Volunteers. Journal of Leadership Education, 11(1), 233-244. Retrieved from http://www.leadershipeducators.org/Resources/Documents/jole/2012_Winter/Locke tt%20and%20Boyd.pdf.

Holgate S.A.(2012, March). Enhance Your Career with Leadership Skills.Science Career Magazines. Retrieved from http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/career_magazine/previous_issues/articles/20 12_03_23/caredit.a1200034.

GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management

Leadership Skills May1 2

GBB/GCB 2033 | Introduction To Management