ON FINDING THE FORMULA FOR THE TOTAL AREA OF PILED N-SIDED REGULAR POLYGONS AND PILED FIVE AND

SIX-SIDED IRREGULAR POLYGONS

by Aquino, Jennifer A. Garcia, Kristine B. Vencent Padrillan D.

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulllment of the Requirements for the Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics Major in Actuarial Mathematics Polytechnic University of the

Philippines January, 2013

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF

Aquino, Jennifer A., Garcia, Kristine B., Padrillan, Vencent D., for the Bachelor of Science in Applied Mathematics Major in Actuarial Mathematics, presented on January 26, 2013, at Polytechnic University of the Philippines TITLE: On Finding the Total Area of Piled n-sided Regular Polygons and Piled ve and six-sided Irregular Polygons MAJOR PROFESSOR: Professor Sharon Joy F. Pelayo

Many gures are formed by combining dierent polygons which contributed to the existing body of knowledge. Piled n-sided regular polygons and piled irregular polygons which have been presented in this study were believed to be two of these gures. This were polygons which were innitely piled from largest to smallest having the properties: centers were aligned and; the vertices of the succeeding polygons were aligned with the midpoint of each sides of the latter. Two general formulas for total area of any piled n-sided regular polygons were derived. The rst was the total area given the radius of the largest regular polygon and the other one was the total area given the sides of the largest polygon. In solving the total area, the areas of each layers were computed then found out that it formed a geometric patterns. Therefore, the formula for the summation of geometric series was used.
2 . Also, the total area The total area given the radius was computed to be A = nr1 cot 180 n

given the sides was A =

cot 180 b2 1 n n . 4 (sin 180 )2 n

On the other hand, the researchers proved that there

exist a piled irregular polygons that its area can be computed using the also the formula for the summation of geometric series. Since there were innite variety of irregular polygons,

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two were chosen to be solve which were the piled ve-sided where two pairs of sides are parallel and piled six-sided irregular polygons where opposites sides are equal and parallel. The areas of each layer in piled six-sided irregular polygons lead to geometric series and the total area was computed to be A = 2s3 (k + 2s2 ). Unfortunately, the areas of each layers in piled ve-sided irregular polygons did not lead to geometric series. This study were actually integrated Calculus to Geometry since one of the topic in Calculus was used to solve the total area.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researchers would like to emphasize their whole hearted gratitude and appreciation to the people who become part of their struggle to come up with a good research. They would like to return the kindness that these people had given to them.

First, with all their humility, they would like express their genuine and pure praise to the Lord God who had bestowed them beautiful gifts of wisdom and knowledge in order to gain strength and power to make this research. The research would not be possible without Him who never tires on guiding them and giving them the grace they need. They are sincerely thankful for the entire wonderful thing He has done for them.

Secondly, they would like to give their family a salute for supporting them along the way. The path that they are taking would not be clear enough to nish the research without their understanding and fondness.

Also, the researchers would like to acknowledge the big contribution of Mrs. Sharon Joy Pelayo, Mr. Lawrence Usona and Mr. Kenneth James Nuguid who taught every important aspect they need to know, for giving them advices, for letting them write a good research and for being such a great mentors.

Lastly, the researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to the contribution of their supportive friends for being such the greatest helpers the researchers had.

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Doing and nishing the research would be weary and dull without their assistance and aid.

To those who were not acknowledge above, the researchers also wants to share their success to them for the important contribution they had given.

-Researchers-

List of Figures
Figure 1 Piled regular square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 2 Piled regular octagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3 Piled regular heptagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 4 Piled regular triangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 5 Piled regular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 6 First layer regular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 7 Second regular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 8 Third regular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 10 10 11 12 14 16 18 24 26 27 28 31 33 35 37 38 39 41 42

Figure 9 Piled regular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 10 First layer four-sided Regular Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 11 second layer four-sided Regular Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 12 Third layer four- sided regular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 13 Piled Four-sided regular Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 14 Six-sided irregular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 15 Second layer six-sided irregular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 16 Third layer of six-sided irregular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 17 Piled Five-sided irregular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 18 First layer led irregular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 19 Second layer piled irregular pentagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 20 Two congruent triangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 21 Third layer ve-sided irregular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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List of Tables
Table 1 Piled n-sided regular polygon and each areas given radius . . . . . . . . . . . Table 2 Piled n-sided regular polygon and each areas given side . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 3 Piled six-sided irregular polygons and each areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4 Piled ve-sided irregular polygons and each areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 4 Areas of piled regular polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 29 36 45 47

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Table of Contents
Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Statement of the Probelm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Scope and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Organization of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 2 3 3

Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies 2.1 Local Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Local Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Foreign Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 4 5 6 7

Chapter III Piled n-sided Regular Polygon and the General Formula of its Total Area 3.1 Piled n-sided Regular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Area of Piled n-sided Regular Polygons given the Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Total Area of Piled n-sided Regular Polygons given the Radius . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Examples of Getting the Total Area of Piled Regular Polygons given r . . . . 3.5 Area of Piled Regular Polygon given sides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Total Area of Piled n-sided Regular Polygons given the sides of the rst layer . 9 9 11 19 21 24 29

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Chapter IV Piled Irregular Polygons 4.1 Piled Irregular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Area of Piled Irregular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Piled Six-sided Irregular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Piled Five-sided Irregular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5Area of Piled Five-sided Irregular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30 30 30 31 37 37

Chapter V Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45 45 47 48

Appendices

49

Bibliography

49

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