Canberra Rear Fuselage Structure

FIGURE 9/1

Bending Moments Around Flexible Frame

FIGURE 9/2

Reacting Shear Flow Distribution Around Flexible Frames

FIGURE 9/3

Frame Analysis

FIGURE 9/4

Tabular Integration

FIGURE 9/5

Asymmetrically Loaded Frame

FIGURE 9/6

Example - Frame Analysis

FIGURE 9/7

Intake Frame

FIGURE 9/7A

Intake Frame

FIGURE 9/7B

Intake Frame

FIGURE 9/7C

Curved Flanges

FIGURE 9/8

Lateral Bending of Flanges

FIGURE 9/9

Example - Lateral Bending of Flanges

Calculate the lateral bending stress in the flange for the following section

FIGURE 9/10

Flange Bending - Concentrated Load

FIGURE 9/11

Brinelling of Flange

FIGURE 9/12

Example - Flap Track

Calculate :a) Maximum bearing stress on track b) Indentation in track c) Flange bending stress

Roller diameter Roller width Roller Load E (track metal)

= 35 mm = 30mm = 50 KN = 200000 N/mm2

FIGURE 9/13

Constant Amplitude Stress Cycle

Fmax fmin fm fa R

= Maximum stress = Minimum stress = Mean stress = Alternating stress = Stress ratio fmax fmin

FIGURE 9/13A

f - N Curve - Effect of Mean Stress

FIGURE 9/14

f - N Curve - Effect of KT

FIGURE 9/15

Stress Concentration - Reduced Edge Distance

FIGURE 9/16

Stress Concentration - Reduced Edge Distance

FIGURE 9/17

Flight Profile - Civil Transport & Fighter Aircraft

FIGURE 9/18

Design Fatigue Spectrum

FIGURE 9/19

Comparison of Phantom Spectra

FIGURE 9/20

Harrier GR Mk5 Normal Acceleration Spectrum

FIGURE 9/21

Harrier GR Mk5 & Av8B Wing Root Bending

FIGURE 9/22

Block Loading Spectrum

FIGURE 9/23

Fatigue Design Rules

Copper based aluminium alloy has a superior fatigue performance to zinc based aluminium alloy Minimise off-sets Avoid abrupt changes in cross-sectional area Generous radii should be provided where changes in cross-sectional area occur Ensure that all corners of cut-outs have generous radii Avoid joggles if possible Allow at least 2 x hole diameter at edges of flanges and skin panels Never mix rivets and bolts in the same group Use simple compact rivet / bolt groups Interference bushes improve fatigue life Cold working of holes improves fatigue life Interference fasteners improve fatigue life (IE Taper-lok) Lugs where bolt or pin can be removed in service should be bushed Avoid feather edges Never use tapped threads or self-tapping screws in components High tension stress across the grain should be avoided Intercostal stringers etc. should always be cleated to a rib or frame Form factors in bending should only be used in crash case design

FIGURE 9/24