Chapter 2

Transparency
21
Forces And Motion

Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original shape once the force
acting on it is removed.

Hookeʼs Law
Force is directly proportional to the A: Reference wire
extension of an elastic string if its B: Test wire
A B
elastic limit is not exceeded.
F = kx Extension x
(k = force constant)
The elastic limit corresponds to
maximum force with which the
material can be stretched and still Main Vernier
scale 0 Mass m
scale
return to its original shape once the F = kx = mg
force is removed. Fixed x∝m
load
Factors That Affect Elasticity
• Length of wire Load m
• Diameter of wire
• Material of wire

Work Done To Stretch The Spring

W= F x ( F is average tension )
2 2
= (kx) x
2
= 1 kx2 x (Extension)
2 F (Tension)

Elastic Potential Energy F = mg

Ep = 1 kx2 mg (Weight)
2

Application Of Elastic Tension-Extension Graph

Potential Energy Tension
Area under the graph
F = elastic potential energy

= 1 Fx
2
Bow and arrow
for hunting 0 x
Extension

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