Carlson User Training Conference 2009

Carlson Mining Underground Mapping

Steve Richards, PE Mining Sales/Support srichards@carlsonsw.com April 6, 3:15 5:00 p.m. The Carlson Basic and Underground modules combine to provide a set of tools that permit you to convert your survey data to mine maps and keep track of your production as the mine face advances or retreats. The software has automated mine layout tools that will also be covered in this session. A note on mapping standards is worth mentioning at the beginning. Carlson Software has consistently used certain layer names in its routines for many years. Closed polylines in the PILLARS layer form the mine pillars and are used in conjunction with the closed polylines in the PERIM layer. Subtracting the sum of the areas of the enclosed pillars from the area of the surrounding perimeter generates the net area mined and that is used to calculate the extraction ratio for the mining perimeter. So for any linework that is intended for use in volumetric calculations must conform to these requirements. Other reserved layer names used for timing routines include: PANLENM, EXTRACTION, RET_EXTRACT, DIFFICULTY, and RET_DIFF.

Updating the Mine Map with Survey Notes Most mine maps begin by laying out the centerlines to show where mining is expected to follow, similar to the map below:

Typical mine layout for a 5 entry room and pillar system on 60 ft x 60 ft centers. Using Mine Note Auto/Left/Right option under the Notes menu in either the Basic or Underground Mining modules, you can input the survey notes regarding the mining progress at the command line prompt for each point as shown below: Command: NOTE2 Enter Offset File Name <offset.dat>: UG2008.dat Append File [<Yes>/No]? Tabular Format--Distance L R Hgt-- (<y>/n): From Station point[node on]: _endp of (5692.19 4668.64) To Station point (A for Azimuth): a

Azimuth of Heading (DD.MMSS) or p for pick <0.0>: _nea Spad Number, or <ENTER> For None: 100 Flip Spad Text [Yes/<No>]? Entry Number: 1 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 10 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 50 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 70 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 130 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 110 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end): 150 Enter left offset distance: 10 Enter right offset distance: 10 Enter distance from station on centerline (U To Undo, Enter to end):

Another Spad [<Yes>/No]? y Once you have entered this data manually you will have created an Ascii text file that looks like :
Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5692.19 Entry no. 1 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 10.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00 150.00 10.00 10.00 ...

TIP You can open this file and edit it copying and pasting once you establish the format if you would rather work directly with the tabular data using copy and paste options directly in the Ascii text file. Assuming we have entered the data either by hand transcribing from a field book or from a crd file created from a data collector raw file that has been processed and imported. The offset file could look like the one below:
Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5692.19 Entry no. 1 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 10.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00 150.00 10.00 10.00 Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5752.19 Entry no. 2 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 10.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00 Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5812.19 Entry no. 3 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 10.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00

150.00 10.00 10.00 Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5872.19 Entry no. 4 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 12.00 8.00 90 8.00 12.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00 150.00 10.00 10.00 Starting Point: N 4668.64 - E 5932.19 Entry no. 5 Azimuth: 0.0000 Station Left Right 10.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 8.00 12.00 110.00 10.00 10.00 130.00 10.00 10.00 150.00 10.00 10.00

Based on this Ascii tect file, UG2008.dat, we can draw the mine map by using the Offsets from Dat File routine under the Notes Menu. This will create the points in the drawing on the

There is a slight difference between the output when you use Notes Auto Left/Right vs. Offsets from Ascii Text File. Once you have the offsets in the drawing you can automatically connect them using Auto-Connect Pillars. You should only select the offset points interior to the perimeter offset points. This will produce the best results. Otherwise you may find connections may not be exactly what you want. At the right note the windows crossing selection set of the offset points used with Auto-Connect Pillars.

The results with the selection set used above: The connections for the pillars are drawn in the PILLARS layer.

Most people connect the perimeter offsets by drawing a polyline in the PERIM layer with snap option set to nodes. This produces the mine map showing the updated working faces.

Using Coal sections As mining progresses, thickness measurements are taken to check volumes and tonnages reported to assist with the end-of month reconciliation process to verify where mining has taken place, pay royalty holders, and properly account for reported production. Typically production reports will be available from first-line supervisors, in the form of load counts and face measurement update estimates on a shift by shift basis, belt scale reports, stockpile estimates from various forms, track scale and railroad weights may also be available. Volumes from surveyed working help to mediate the differences that are always present. Coal sections are found under the WORKS menu. Configure Coal Sections Command: csconfig Mine Name: SCAD 1 Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: R Enter Full Strata Name: Roof Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: C Enter Full Strata Name: Coal Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: P Enter Full Strata Name: Parting Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: C Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: F Enter Full Strata Name: Floor Enter Abbreviated Strata Name/<ENTER> to End: Enter Individual densities or Composite densities (I/C)? i Average wt. of R (Roof) [lbs/ft^3]: 155 Average wt. of C (Coal) [lbs/ft^3]: 80 Average wt. of P (Parting) [lbs/ft^3]: 145 Average wt. of F (Floor) [lbs/ft^3]: 160 Circle the Coal Section (y/<n>)? Plot the Numeric Value Only (y/<n>)? Text Size <6.0>: Enter thickness in feet or inches [Feet/<Inches>]?

Prompt for entry width [Yes/<No>]? Y Note this is required for Q by CL method Preparing Block name: C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\SRICHARDS\APPLICATION DATA\CARLSON SOFTWARE\CARLSON2009\R17.1\SUP\UG2008-QBCL.dwg Section Information Is Now Configured. Note where the file is now located. This is in a user-specific sub-directory. The way to pass a drawing from one person to another in Carlson 2008 and later versions is to create an archive file and send the zipped archive so all of the necessary external files to the drawing are transferred with it. To do this, use the Settings, Projects, Store Project Archive routine.

This creates a compressed file containing the drawing file and its necessary external files.

Placing Coal Sections Coal sections are placed by using the Works, Place Coal Sections.

To place Coal Sections you must have a Section Configuration file. The program will prompt you to select the .sc file. For QBA and QBG you do not need to enter the entry width. For QBCL you need to enter the entry width at each coal section. Command line prompts: (Typical section) Pick sample point for coal section: Pick Start Point for Text: Pick Alignment Point: How many Inches of Roof R: 5 How many Inches of Coal C: 21 How many Inches of Parting P: 3 How many Inches of Coal C: 32 How many Inches of Floor F: 5 Enter Another Section [<Yes>/No]? Property boundaries are automatically prompted for and incorporated into the QBA and QBG routines but are keyed in the QBCL option. Below are screen captures showing QBA, QBG, and QBCL results.

End of Month Tonnage Calculation Methods Quantities by Average (QBA)

Report Formatter Transposed report Unit Id 001 001 Attr Group Advance Advance Shuttle Shuttle Mining Method Cars Cars Area No. 1 2 Description Smith() Jones() Gross Area, S.F. 18418.80 27851.20 Depleted Acres 0.423 0.639 Pillars, S.F. 6340.11 11296.00 Pillars, Acres 0.146 0.259 Net Area Mined,S.F. 12078.70 16555.20 Net Acres Mined 0.277 0.380 Linear Advance, ft 603.94 827.76 Entry Width, ft 20.000 20.000 Roof Thick, ft 0.808 0.808 Coal Thick, ft 3.656 3.656 Parting Thick, ft 0.367 0.367 Floor Thick, ft 0.283 0.283 Mining Height, ft 5.114 5.114 Roof Density 155.00 155.00 Coal Density 80.00 80.00 Parting Density 145.00 145.00 Floor Density 160.00 160.00 Roof TONS 756.6 1037.0 Coal TONS 1766.2 2420.8 Parting TONS 321.1 440.1 Floor TONS 273.8 375.3 Non-Recov. COAL, T 0.00 0.00 Recovery, % 100.00 100.00 Total TONS 3117.7 4273.1 % COAL By Wgt 56.65 56.65 COAL Acre-Feet 1.014 1.389 Cavity Acre-Feet 1.418 1.944 CROSS_WIDTH 20.000 20.000 CROSS_SPACING 60.000 60.000 ENTRY_WIDTH 20.000 20.000 ENTRY_SPACING 60.000 60.000 FULL_EXTRACT 0.000 0.000 ANGLE_RIGHT 90.000 90.000 NUM_RIGHT 2.000 2.000 ANGLE_LEFT 90.000 90.000 NUM_LEFT 2.000 2.000

To the right see the QBA Report Formatter option with the range transformed in Excel. The numerical average method averages the samples, and reports the results. The areas are reported by property owner. Tons are calculated and volumes are calculated based upon the pillar and perimeter linework together with the coal sections. Cavity Acre-Feet can be helpful when estimating volumes when areas become flooded and you need to calculate volumes for dewatering.

Quantities by Grid (QBG)

The Quantities by Grid method makes a 10ft x 10ft grid based on the data and calculates the results by doing the appropriate grid math. The graphics of the map are the same as the QBA Method. The prompting for the date range is also the same. The report is slightly different. The report below is for the same area as the QBA but notice the results are slightly different. The report below was created using the standard formatter option.

GRID MODEL METHOD 4/7/2008 05:32 Individual Stratas Configuration MINE: SCAD 1 Mine MINED FROM 3/15/2005 TO 4/15/2005 AREA NO. 1 DESCRIPTION: Smith() SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance MINING METHOD: Shuttle Cars GROSS AREA MINED (S.F.): AREA OF PILLARS (S.F.): NET AREA MINED (S.F.): AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS 18418.77 6340.11 12078.66 DEPLETED ACRES: ACRES OF PILLARS: NET ACRES MINED: 9.06 43.99 (FEET): (FEET): 0.423 0.146 0.277 0.75 3.67

(INCHES): (INCHES):

AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS TOTAL MINING HEIGHT AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE

(INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES):

5.06 2.83 60.93 155.00 80.00 145.00 160.00

(FEET): (FEET): (FEET):

0.42 0.24 5.08

Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.):

Roof (TONS): 706.72 Coal (TONS): 1770.97 Parting (TONS): 368.90 Floor (TONS): 227.61 NON-RECOVERABLE COAL (TONS): 0.00 TOTAL TONS : 3074.20 COAL ACRE-FEET: CAVITY ACRE-FEET: Qualities: CROSS_WIDTH CROSS_SPACING ENTRY_WIDTH ENTRY_SPACING FULL_EXTRACT ANGLE_RIGHT NUM_RIGHT ANGLE_LEFT NUM_LEFT 1.016 1.408 20.0 60.0 20.0 60.0 0.0 90.0 2.0 90.0 2.0

COAL RECOVERY PERCENT: PERCENT COAL BY WGT.:

100.00% 57.61%

AREA NO. 2 DESCRIPTION: Jones() SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance Cars GROSS AREA MINED (S.F.): AREA OF PILLARS (S.F.): NET AREA MINED (S.F.): AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS TOTAL MINING HEIGHT AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE 27851.23 11296.00 16555.23

MINING METHOD: Shuttle 0.639 0.259 0.380 0.84 3.56 0.30 0.34 5.03

DEPLETED ACRES: ACRES OF PILLARS: NET ACRES MINED: 10.08 42.69 3.55 4.08 60.40 155.00 80.00 145.00 160.00 (FEET): (FEET): (FEET): (FEET): (FEET):

(INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES):

Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.):

Roof (TONS): 1077.72 Coal (TONS): 2355.88 Parting (TONS): 355.49 Floor (TONS): 449.82 NON-RECOVERABLE COAL (TONS): 0.00 TOTAL TONS : 4238.92 COAL ACRE-FEET: 1.352

COAL RECOVERY PERCENT: PERCENT COAL BY WGT.:

100.00% 55.58%

CAVITY ACRE-FEET: Qualities: CROSS_WIDTH CROSS_SPACING ENTRY_WIDTH ENTRY_SPACING FULL_EXTRACT ANGLE_RIGHT NUM_RIGHT ANGLE_LEFT NUM_LEFT TOTAL FOR ALL AREAS:

1.913 20.0 60.0 20.0 60.0 0.0 90.0 2.0 90.0 2.0

GROSS AREA MINED (S.F.): AREA OF PILLARS (S.F.): NET AREA MINED (S.F.): TONS COAL TONS : ROCK TONS : COAL ACRE-FEET: CAVITY ACRE-FEET:

46270.00 17636.10 28633.90

DEPLETED ACRES: ACRES OF PILLARS: NET ACRES MINED: PERCENT COAL BY WGT.:

1.062 0.405 0.657 56.43%

:7313.12 4126.86 3186.26 2.368 3.321

QBA and QBG were run using the same coal sections and areas. The results in this case varied as shown below: Coal Tons QBA QBG Smith 1,766 1,771 Jones 2,241 2,355 Difference Total 4,187 4,127 60 or 1.45% difference

Quantities by Centerline Method (QbCL) The QbCL Method requires different input data than the QBA and QBG. It is very similar to one method of manually estimating underground tonnage by using the linear feet of advance and the average entry width. The coal section configuration file must include the entry width with the coal section. The centerlines for the mining in the PROJECTIONS layer must be trimmed to the extent of mining.

NUMERICAL AVERAGE COAL SECTION METHOD 4/7/2008 05:58 Individual Stratas Configuration MINE: SCAD 1 MINED FROM 3/15/2005 TO 4/15/2005 AREA NO. 1 DESCRIPTION: Jones() SECTION/UNIT ID: 001 MINE TYPE: Advance MINING METHOD: Shuttle Cars LINEAR FEET OF ADVANCE: AVERAGE ENTRY WIDTH: NET AREA MINED (S.F.): AVERAGE Roof THICKNESS AVERAGE Coal THICKNESS AVERAGE Parting THICKNESS AVERAGE Floor THICKNESS TOTAL MINING HEIGHT AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE 1571.50 20.00 31430.00

NET ACRES MINED: 7.83 44.36 4.50 3.75 60.44 155.00 80.00 145.00 160.00 (FEET): (FEET): (FEET): (FEET): (FEET):

0.722 0.65 3.70 0.38 0.31 5.04

(INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES): (INCHES):

Roof WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Coal WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Parting WT. (LBS/CU. FT.): Floor WT. (LBS/CU. FT.):

Roof (TONS): 1590.05 Coal (TONS): 4647.56 Parting (TONS): 854.50 Floor (TONS): 785.75 NON-RECOVERABLE COAL (TONS): 0.00 TOTAL TONS : 7877.87 COAL ACRE-FEET: CAVITY ACRE-FEET: 2.667 3.634

COAL RECOVERY PERCENT: PERCENT COAL BY WGT.:

100.00% 59.00%

Note: A different section configuration file and data were used for this example than the QBA and QBG methods.

Advanced Projections The Advanced Projections menu is contained in both the Basic and Underground modules of Carlson Mining 2008 and 2009. It is a fast and easy way to layout underground workings. This routine, written by Bruce Carlson, has been one of the more complex lisp routines found in our software. It is powerful and flexible and allows you to create almost any layout you might want. There are hundreds of combinations of options possible so I will try to describe some of the more common combinations and let you explore others at your leisure.

Layout options below show some of the combinations you can create:

Working with Mining Symbols If your symbols have been created and are on the list as shown below, then just go to Insert Mining Symbols as shown below:

You will see the list of mining symbols. Select and place in your drawing and they should drop right in.

If you want to add a symbol to your list of symbols, you need to create a drawing at or near 0, 0 at the scale of 1:1 and save the drawing to the location shown below. The

reference drawings are found in the Program Files/Carlson Software directory/SupTemplate sub-directory as shown below:

Steve Richards joined Carlson Software in December 1997, and is in Mining Sales/Support. He is a PE, PS, and Certified Surface and Underground Foreman, MSHA Instructor, and has KY State Mine Inspector

certification. Steve had 22 years of mining experience prior to joining Carlson Software. He is a Registered Member of SME.