ECX5234 - Data Communications

The Open University of Sri Lanka

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Bachelor of Technology Programme ECX5234 Data Communications
Assignment #1 - 2012/13

Answer all questions. Q1 (a) Compare and Contrast the following: 1. OSI reference model and TCP/IP reference model 2. Network layer and transport layer 3. TCP and UDP 4. IP address and MAC address (b) A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 6MHz. sampled, quantized and binary encoded to obtain a PCM signal. (i) (ii) The signal is

Determine the sampling rate if the signal is to be sampled at a rate of 20% above the Nyquist rate. If the samples are quantized into 1024 levels, determine the number of binary pulses required to encode each sample.

(iii) Determine the binary pulse rate (bits per second) of the binary encoded signal, and the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal. (iv) Suggest a method to increase the data rate without changing the bandwidth of the signal. (v) If this is a noisy channel with a signal to noise ratio of 30 dB how long it will take to transfer a 1Mbyte file. Briefly explain what delay components affect the total delay in the following switching methods: 1. 2. 3. (ii) Circuit switching Virtual circuit packet switching Datagram packet switching

(c) (i)

1. If circuits provide guaranteed bandwidth to users, why is packet switching preferred over networks such as the Internet? 2. How do circuit and packet switched networks deal with overload?

A-1

ECX5234 - Data Communications

Q2. (a) (i) (ii)

Describe the theory behind Manchester encoding. The waveform of figure Q2 belongs to a Manchester encoded binary data stream. Determine the beginning and end of bit periods (i.e. extract clock information) and give the data sequence.

Figure Q2 (b) Draw the output pulse stream when Differential Manchester encoding is used to encode the above data sequence in the above question (a)(ii). (c) Differentiate ASK , PSK and QAM modulation schemes. (d) Draw the constellation diagrams for the following cases: (i) ASK, with peak amplitude values of 2 and 4 (ii) 8-PSK, with a peak amplitude value of 4 (iii) 8-QAM with peak amplitude values of 2 and 4

(e) (i) Explain what is meant by bit stuffing. Assuming that we are using the HDLC protocol for bit stuffing to escape 01111110, show the bit sequence transmitted over the link when the frame contains the following bit sequence: 00011111110011111010001111111111000011111 Mark the stuffed bits.

Q4. (a) Compare the MAC techniques used by the following: i. Slotted ALOHA ii. Ethernet iii. Wireless LAN
(b) Ethernet frames must be at least 64 bytes long to ensure that the transmitter is still going in the event of a collision at the far end of the cable. Fast Ethernet has the same 64-byte minimum frame size but can get the bits out ten times faster. Clearly explain how it is possible to maintain the same minimum frame size.

Q5.

Identify and briefly describe Request for Comment (RFC) responsible for the foundation of Internet, covering basic communication, email and web.

A-2