Change Management

Critical Analysis
Assignment No: 1
Submitted by: Azeem Salahuddin Syed waqar Haider Razvi DR. Abdul Waheed A

Submitted to: Section:

Maslows Hierarchy of Need

Understanding the Theory:
Maslow's hierarchic theory is often represented in the shape of a pyramid. With the lower level showing the fundamental or primary needs without which a human being cannot survive and the upper levels representing the needs of security like life security and then the next level tells us about the social needs like love, affection. After that he describes the esteem needs which satisfy a human being socially and at the end the need for self-actualization. According to the theory the higher needs in the hierarchy become marked only after all the needs that are lower down in the pyramid are fulfilled.

Level of theory:
Maslow's divided his theory into five levels these are the followings. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Physiological needs Security needs Social needs Self-Esteem need Self-Actualization

Physiological needs:
Physiological needs are the primary needs without which a human being cannot survive and these needs include oxygen, food, water, shelter, etc. These are the basis for the hierarchy and are the strongest needs because without all these needs a human being cannot live all needs are important but the physiological ones come first in the person's search for satisfaction.

Security needs:
According to Maslow, the need for security becomes evident only after a person's physiological needs are satisfied fully. While most of the people are not acutely aware of that what is meant by the security needs. It is important to understand this need and for managers to provide a safe workplace. This type of needs includes health insurance , job security for employees of any organization.

Social needs:
The Maslows Hierarchy works step by step once the needs of lower level satisfied a person automatically jump up to the next step for example the need for safety are met, the need for a social belonging are activated. Maslow thinks that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and unfriendliness. To satisfy this type of need managers must understand this to ensure employee involvement in organization policies, in production process and take decision to increase the motivation level of employees.

Self-Esteem need:
Once the first three classes of needs are met, the need for self-esteem can become dominant. Because this includes the esteem that shows the hunger in person for the compliments that he want to receive from others. For example managers who understand this can use this tool to help ensure employees and team members feel valued and respected at any level in the organization. This means manager try to up self-esteem of the employees that motivate them to work harder for the benefit of organization. This will positively impact the employee and the employee's motivation levels in productivity and ability to work on a team and alone etc. On the other hand, if these needs are not met an employee may become frustrated and feel inferior and worthless and he or she may withdraw.

Self-Actualization:
The need for self-actualization develops only after all of the above needs are satisfied. According to Maslow self-actualization is a person's need to do that which he or she feels they are meant to do. As a manager it is important to help employees or team members find this, otherwise the employee will become dissatisfied, restless and unproductive and may even look for satisfaction elsewhere.

Critical Analysis of Maslows Hierarchy of Need

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is very useful tool in many aspect of life but on the other hand it may also have many flaws in it for example Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is not a good technique to use as an idea to have in mind when you are thinking about how you meet a team members need because it tells us that a human being have following type of needs but it cannot tell us that how we fulfill these needs this is the main flaws of this theory. There are lots of other ways to motivate employees for example giving empowerment to the employees but most of the Managers usually use salary raises as a tactic to motivate team members. According to my point of view Maslow's theory is may be important for two reasons Firstly it points out that people's needs are not just met by hard cash or money because with the help of cash people only satisfied there 1st two level of needs but on the other hand People have many needs which have to be satisfied for example love, affection, respect, self-esteem and self-actualization etc. People may be very well paid they can still be unsatisfied if these needs are not satisfied. Secondly, it gives managers a whole range of tools that they can use to build team satisfaction even if they do not have much money to give out. Because it is possible to fulfill the social needs because usually does not much cost occur to provide a safe and healthy working environment to the employees of the organization. For example it is inexpensive to organize a social function for the team (for example organize a barbecue program) where team members can get to know one-another outside the work environment. And it costs nothing to compliment people on a job well done. So in this way Maslow's Hierarchy is a good tool for managers to be "good bosses" knowing that as such, they're doing their best to build highly effective, highly productive teams.

Rogers Self Theory

Since the study of personality began personality theories have offered a wide variety of explanations for behavior of the person. Carl Rogers give a closer look at the humanistic personality. Rogers approach to the study of persons is phenomenological and idiographic. His view of human behavior is that it is "the core of man's nature is

essentially positive" and he is a "trustworthy organism" These beliefs are reflected in his theory of personality. A brief overall assessment will conclude the discussion While Rogers humanistic conception of personality has both strengths and weaknesses it is a valuable contribution to the study of persons behaviors recognizing and the importance of the healthy self-structure and to know the personality traits of the human being. Rogers's specific form of humanistic psychology is broadly based on his view of human personality which he believed naturally tended to develop in what he considered a healthy manner unless it is adversely influenced by life experiences. From this theoretical basis Rogers created a form of therapy that he called client-centered, These are some important points that given by the Roger. The most essential tendency of humans is a drive towards self-actualization. When our self-concept and our ideal self are the same then the person is selfactualized. When our self-concept and our ideal self are different the person experiences confusion and tension. Parental Characteristics which raise Healthy Self-structure Formulation Parents must have the ability to accept the childs feelings. Parents must have the ability to accept our own feelings that certain of the childs behaviors are undesirable. Parents must have the ability to accept Communication of acceptance of the child as a person. Parents must have the ability avoid conditions of worth.

Critical Analysis of Rogers Self Theory

Rogers theory is widely acceptable in psychology and in other field of life but there are also many flaws in this theory that are discussed by many critics for example Critiques of Rogers's person-centered therapy begin with his basic conception of human nature as tending toward the good and the healthy not to mention his assumption of the very existence of a personal self toward which one might attempt. Furthermore critics of Rogers's theories maintain serious doubts that therapists can or should establish a relationship of unconditional positive regard in the case of dangerously violent persons. The critics of rogers theory also fail to understand that

how parents might put into practice his ideas when raising children whose behavior may sometimes be difficult to understand with wholehearted approval. At the best side the Rogers's critics claim his ideas may be applied only among a limited range of clients specifically those suffering from the serious forms of neurosis acknowledging that while person-centered therapy may prove no more effective than any other method it has yet to prove that it is harmful in any way. Despite such criticisms, Rogers's theory of personality and his therapeutic methodology continue to gain support and have become among the most widely influential trends in the history of psychology.