Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Name: _____________
Lesson 1: Waves
Objectives
Define the wavelength, amplitude, and frequency of a wave. Describe how energy can be transferred through a wave, and explain the relationship between the energy of a wave and its frequency. Explain that energy moves from one place to another through heat flow, waves, or moving objects. Describe a mechanical wave as a disturbance that travels through a medium.
KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Key Word: Wave
Energy 1. 2. 3.
can move in these ways: ___________________ (Unit 4) ___________________ (Unit 6) ___________________ (Unit 7)
Question: What do all waves carry? Question: What are some examples of waves?
Answer: Answer:
Question: how is it possible that an object doesnt actually move with a water wave?
Key Word: Medium
Answer:
DEFINITION: a medium is the _____________that the _________ travels through. Answer: No. Only ______________________ wave require a __________. Waves that can travel without a medium (for example, through empty space) are called _________________________ waves. DEFINITION: Waves that require a ________________ through which to travel. Example of mechanical wave: ______________
Page 1
Name: _____________
Answer: Recall that mechanical waves require a medium to travel through The energy in the wave causes the individual __________________ in the medium to vibrate As they vibrate, they bump into each other to transmit ________ The WAY in which they vibrate causes different _______of waves Answer: There are two types of mechanical waves DEFINITION: waves in which the movement of the particles in the medium is perpendicular, or at ______________ ______________ to the direction the wave is traveling Example of transverse wave: Hint to Remember: In the word transverse, trans means across. In transverse waves, the motion of the particles in the medium is across the direction of the wave at right angles so we say it is perpendicular How many other words can you think of with trans in them that mean across something?
DEFINITION: waves in which the movement of the particles in the medium is __________________ to the direction the wave is traveling Example of longitudinal wave: Hint to Remember: Motion of particles is along the direction of the longitudinal wave.
Q. Predict: If you squeeze a few coils of a spring together and then release them, what will happen? What direction would the coils move? Q. How does the motion of the transverse wave particles compare to the motion of the longitudinal wave particles?
Answer:
Answer: (In your own words, describe the difference.use complete sentences!)
Page 2
Name: _____________
DEFINITION: a wave that travels on the surface of the water in ___________ transverse and longitudinal motions. Water particles travel in ____________.
Properties of Waves Key Words: Parts of a Wave FILL IN -------------------- Rest Position Crest Trough Amplitude
DEFINITIONS: Rest Position: Where the ____________ lies when no wave is travelling through it Crest: the ________________ point of the wave Trough: the ____________________ point of the wave Amplitude: The distance between the ___________ and the ___________
Answer: Example from your own experience: DEFINITIONS: Wavelength: the distance from one _____________ to another.
Wavelength
Period
Period: the amount of _______________between one wave crest and the next as it passes a specific location. The __________________ of wavelengths that pass a specific ______________ per second. o Measured as cycles per second, or ________
Frequency
Answer: As frequency increases (waves per second), the wavelength _________ As frequency decreases, the wavelength ____________
Page 3
Name: _____________
KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Key Word: Electromagnetic Wave Mechanical & Electromagnetic Waves:
Answer:
Similarities:
Mechanical
Electromagnetic
Amplitude Wavelength Frequency
Speed of Light: c
Yes Repeating Force (Push/Pull) causing disturbance in medium Amplitude (Bigger = More E) Example:_______ Sound is fast, but sometimes you can hear the delay Examples: 1. 2. Yes Yes
No Vibrating atoms throwing off charged particles (radiation) Frequency (Higher F = more E) Example:___________ Light (c in a vacuum) seems instantaneous Examples: 1. 2. Yes (slightly) No
Differences:
Speed
Question: How fast is light? Question: Can anything travel faster than light?
Question: Can you slow light down? Question: Why do we see the lightning flash before we hear the thunder?
Answer:
of light Facts: 300,000 km/s (in a vacuum) Has its own symbol, c Can anything travel faster than light? Yes/No (Circle One) Can you slow light down? Yes/No (Circle One) Example:
Page 4
Name: _____________
Lower
Key Word: Radiation Key Word: Electromagnetic Spectrum
Energy
Higher
DEFINITION: energy emitted from the vibration of __________ particles DEFINITION: the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, from the longest wavelengths to the shortest wavelengths
DEFINITION: the small section of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect Answer: 1. Gamma rays can __________ your bodys tissues, so no need for cutting with regular scalpels reduces risk of infection & healing time required. 2. Gamma rays are extremely ________ energy and _______ cancer cells. In high enough concentrations, they can easily _______ you. (This is the type of radiation we worry about during nuclear power plant disasters.think Fukushima, Japan, 2011 ) The sun radiates many wavelengths of light to us, but the three main categories are: 1. 2. 3.
Question: Doctors sometimes use gamma ray knives (focused beams of energy) to kill cancer cells. Why did they choose Gamma rays of all the rays in the spectrum?
Question: Looking at the EM Spectrum, which of these carries the most energy?
Visible Light
Answer:
Answer: Human eyes can only see the ___________ portion of the EM
spectrum. Visible light consists of seven ranges of __________, which our eyes perceive as ____________. Can you name the seven ranges/colors in the Visible Spectrum? Think ROY G BIV
Page 5
Name: _____________
KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
Light Waves and Matter Transmission
Q. What happens when light waves contact matter? There are three possible results:
Answer: An apple looks red because the apple ___________ all the colors
of light, except for the color _______ which is reflected back to your eyes.
Q. What is color?
Answer:
Our eyes have a special area for detecting light called the ________ DEFINITION: the layer of ______ at the back the eye where lightsensitive cells are found. DEFINITION: ________on the retina that detect different ______________of light and send these signals to the _________
Page 6
Name: _____________
DEFINITION: special light-sensitive cells in the retina that allow us to see colors and fine details DEFINITION: cells in the retina that are sensitive to all light but do not distinguish color
Lesson 4: LAB: Path of Light Lesson 5: (Optional: Just mark complete in the OLS) Lesson 6: Reflection and Refraction
Objectives
Interpret a diagram showing how the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence of a beam of light. Explain and give examples of how light can be reflected, refracted, transmitted, and absorbed by matter. Describe how refraction can separate white light.
KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
1. Key term: reflection
Light Rays
Answer:
Page 7
Name: _____________
DEFINITION: when light strikes an object, such as a wall, and is not _________________________ or __________________________. Reflection, Transmission, and Absorption
Answer: Typically, light is not solely reflected, or transmitted, or absorbed. Instead, it often does all three to varying degrees.
DEFINITION: the angle that a light ray makes with the line normal (or perpendicular) to the surface. DEFINITION: the angle the ray bouncing off the mirror makes with the same normal line.
Q. Why does a straw in a glass of water look bent from some angles, even though its really straight?
Answer: Light has different ______________________ in different ______________________. When light moves from one transparent medium to another, it often changes speed. The change of speed causes the light to change direction, and this change of direction is called refraction.
Answer: When light enters water, it _________________________, causing the light ray to ____________________ . The refracted ray bends at an angle smaller than the angle of the ray entering the water (angle of incidence).
Page 8
Name: _____________
Answer: Rainbows in the sky occur when sunlight refracts through droplets
How does a Rainbow Form?
Q. What happens to white light, such as sunlight, that causes it to form a rainbow?
Light is Everywhere!
of water. This is also how the glass prism separates light into the colors of a rainbow. White light, such as sunlight, is made up of all the visible colors. Each color has a different range of wavelengths and therefore bends by a slightly different amount.
Q. Look at the picture of the glass on the porch light: how much light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted by the glass? Q. Look at the red bricks: how much light is reflected, absorbed, and transmitted?
Answer: A red brick _______________________ red light, absorbs other colors of light, and transmits almost__________________________.
Lesson 7: Lenses
Objectives
Describe the difference between convex and concave lenses and their different effects on images. Explain various uses of lenses (e.g., in the human eye, a magnifying glass, camera, telescope, and microscope).
KEY TERMS/QUESTIONS
1. Key Term: Retina
How do we see?
Answer: ________________ is reflected of them and into your eye, and is detected by light sensitive cells in your _______________________. DEFINITION: a transparent object with at least one __________________surface. The greater the curve of the lens, the more the light will bend as it passes through it. DEFINITION: able to let light _______________ through.
Page 9
Name: _____________
DEFINITION: these are thicker at the _________________________ than in the _____________________________. Concave lenses curve _________________________. You can remember the shape of this lens by associating the word concave with caved in. Concave lenses cause the light rays passing through them to ________________________________.
DEFINITION: are thicker in the _______________________________ than at the _______________________________. Convex lenses curve __________________________________. They cause the light rays passing through them to ________________________________________.
Concave Lens
Q. How does looking through a concave lens change the shape of the object?
Convex Lens
Answer: looking at something through a concave lens makes it appear ______________________________ than it actually is.
Q. How does looking through a convex lens change the shape of the object?
DEFINITION: the transparent part of the eye that covers the _____________________ and the _____________________.
Q. How does the cornea and lens work together to help us see?
Answer: When light rays reflected off an object pass into the eye, the
___________________________ and then the lens ________________________ the light rays toward each other. The light rays come together and strike the light-sensitive cells in the retina at a single spot. These cells then send ___________________________ to the brain. The brain interprets these signals as an ___________________.
Page 10