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There Are Many Ideas But How to Ensure That Focus is on Doing The Right Things?
Step 2
Improvement of systems Minor modifications during normal operation Focus on items with pay-back period less than two years
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Step 3
Improvement of systems and ship hull Modifications requiring dry-docking
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Step 0
Before you begin improving...
Understand where you are Analyze existing operations Set targets and make a plan Start follow-up practices
9.6.2011
Esa Jokioinen
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HFO [m t/h]
Before DD After DD
Speed [kn]
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Accountability!
> There is a general tendency that energy management responsibility is assigned on an IATOD basis to persons responsible for operation of the vessels. There are very good experiences from assigning a dedicated energy manager or energy master for the fleet having a full time focus on securing fuel efficiency. Budgeting, project execution and follow-up are easier to do if there is a clear account for energy management! > The common dilemma; Money for the investment comes from As budget but the savings benefit B.
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Step 1
Easy Things First
Operational improvements Zero or low cost improvements Immediate or very short pay-back time
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Suitable for: all ships travelling long distances or through many ports Benefits: efficient timetable and engine operation Typical pay-back time: immediate
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Tank Management
> Continuously or nearly full fresh water, waste water or fuel tanks increases the total weight of the ship and thus fuel consumption. > This type of unwanted ballast should be minimized by estimating more accurately water and fuel consumption and adjusting the machinery and systems accordingly.
Volume [m3]
70
60
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FW Tank level during 7 day trip with varying passenger load (tank maximum capacity: 60m3)
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Suitable for: ships with a varying passenger load or large quantities of fuel / bilge / ballast. Benefits: optimized systems and tank levels Typical pay back time: immediate
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Vessel Trim
> Ship designs are optimized for a certain cargo load, speed and fuel consumption. When either the speed or cargo load changes, the vessels trim needs to be readjusted. Otherwise the resistance of the ship through water will have a negative impact on fuel consumption. The optimal vessel trim for the entire speed range needs to be determined. This can be carried out with CFD calculations, by an onboard test or with a real time measurement system. > > > Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Savings in propulsion power Typical pay back time: months
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Weather Routing
> Weather routing is the process where upcoming difficult weather conditions such as rough seas, low visibility near coast or port and ice conditions during winter are taken into account and planned for ahead. > Severe weather may cause accidents or loss of cargo, hull damages or significant delays due to heavy port traffic or having to wait for icebreaker support. > Weather routing will increase ship efficiency, but may also increase overall fuel consumption.
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Suitable for: Ships on tight schedules / ships encountering difficult weather Benefits: Preventing delays, increased safety Typical pay back time: Varies
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9.6.2011
Esa Jokioinen
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Turnaround in Ports
> Sometimes the ship departure from port is delayed due to various reasons (bunkering, problems with cargo handling, additional paperwork etc.) > Delayed departure means higher speed at sea as the original sailing schedule must be caught. > If ship spends long times at port, port-side electricity should be considered when available.
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Enhancing co-operation between port and ship staff Typical pay back time: immediate
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Suitable for: All ships, especially vessels that spend long time at ports Benefits: Maintaining low hull resistance Typical pay-back time: weeks to months
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Improved power production efficiency Typical pay back time: weeks to months
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Suitable for: All ships burning HFO Benefits: Less sludge, more useful fuel for the engines Typical pay back time: immediate
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Reduced oil fired boiler fuel consumption Typical pay-back time: Immediate
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Quick Fixes
Eliminating Unnecessary Use of Devices
> Quick fixes are often operational changes of electrical equipment. The two things to be reduced are the electrical load and heat load. Examples: engine auxiliary systems of stopped engines, propulsion auxiliaries, engine room ventilation fans, cargo hold ventilation fans, etc. Simply turning off auxiliary equipment when not needed, will result in significant savings.
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Direct savings from smaller electrical load Typical pay-back time: Immediate
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Good To Remember...
> Time = money > 50 kW electrical load in continuous operation means... > About 100 tonnes of fuel per year! > About 50,000 cost per year!
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Incentive Programs
> A good way to motivate ship crews for energy efficiency is to introduce incentive programs that reward innovative ideas and practices and actual fuel savings. Required performance monitoring: at least produced kWh and consumed fuel will be required to be continuously monitored and logged. The incentive program is more effective if the savings and performance can be pinpointed to the crew.
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Motivation Typical pay back time: immediate
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Step 2
Small and Easy Improvement Modifications
Investment cost small or moderate Pay-back time less than two years Can be carried out during normal operation
185
SFOC g/kWh
180
175
170
165
160
155
LOAD %
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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Suitable for: All ships, especially those operating on varying operation profile Benefits: Reduced electrical load & maintenance on pumps Typical pay-back time: Months
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Suitable for: All ships, especially those operating on varying operation profile Benefits: Reduced electrical load & maintenance on pumps Typical pay-back time: Months
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Class differs in quality of materials and components. Price difference between IE1 and IE3 can be only few tens of euros for small motors.
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Benefits: Increased efficiency of pumps, motors and fans Typical pay-back time: ?
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9.6.2011
Esa Jokioinen
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Suitable for: All ships with high temperature waste heat recovery from cooling water Benefits: More efficient WHR cycle Typical pay-back time: months
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Suitable for: All ships with economizers and a varying operation profile with long port times Benefits: Reduced oil fired boiler costs Typical pay-back time: 0,5 - 1 years
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Suitable for: All vessels Benefits: Reduced electrical power demand for lighting Typical pay-back time: Months
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Modern autopilot with efficient fuel consumption Typical pay-back time: 3 - 6 months
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Step 3
Bigger and/or More Complex Modifications
Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Improved propulsion efficiency Typical pay-back time: 0,5 4 years
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Suitable for: All ships with older bows Benefits: Reduced hull resistance Typical pay-back time: ~5 years
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: With scallop 1-1.5% and with grid 0.5-1% increase in propulsion power Typical pay-back time: ~12 months
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Ducktail
> Adding a properly designed ducktail will improve the wave pattern and pressure distribution in the aft end of the vessel, thus improving performance. Ducktail increases effective water line length, thus decreasing wave resistance. > > A ducktail may also improve the stability and therefore the need for ballast may be reduced. > > Suitable for: All ships, case-by-case Benefits: Improved stability and performance Typical pay-back time: 2 - 3 years
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Interceptor Plate
> The Interceptor plate is a metal plate that is fitted vertically to the transom of a ship, covering the main breadth of the transom. This plate affects the flow in aft-ship and especially the interaction between propeller(s) and hull. An interceptor plate is proved to be better than a conventional trim wedge in some cases, but so far its used only in cruise vessels and RoRo vessels. Interceptor plate is much cheaper than trim wedge modification as a retrofit.
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Suitable for: Certain hull forms and speeds Benefits: Improved hull performance Typical pay-back time: Under 1 year
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Hull Coatings
> The hull coating and hull surface roughness influence the hulls friction resistance. Typical hull roughness is usually estimated to be around 100-150mm. Normally, the surface roughness may be worse due to scratches from port or shallow waters as well as fouling. To achieve better results, several paint manufacturers have products that may result in as high as 5% annual saving from propulsion.
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Smaller hull resistance Typical pay-back time: 6 - 12 months
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Suitable for: All ships Benefits: Reduced bow and hull resistance Typical pay-back time: ~1 year
Step 3
Future technologies?
> Organic Rankine Cycle > Microsteam turbines > Sails and kites > Solar panels > Hybrid machineries > Air lubrication > Hybrid materials
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Suitable for: All ships with extra waste heat Benefits: Increased electricity production from waste heat Typical pay-back time: 5 - 10 years
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Solar Power
> Small solar panels installed on the decks of tankers, cruisers or small yachts will help by alleviating the electrical load. Cleanliness of panel surfaces is an important aspect. In the future, larger solar sails that combine solar and wind power may be possible. This type of constructs will have additional requirements ranging from material durability to ship stability. Currently about 0,13 kW/m2 with cost of around 1000 /kW.
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Suitable for: Ships that exhibit much sunlight and have the space for panels Benefits: Increased electricity output Typical pay-back time: 10+ years
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Suitable for: Large (wide), slow-speed ships Benefits: Lower fuel consumption & less emissions Typical pay-back time: ?
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Summary
Fan speed
Valve position
Room temp.
Setpoint
Chill water
Supply temp.
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? ! !
Step 2
Improvement of systems Minor modifications during normal operation Focus on items with pay back period less than two years
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Step 3
Improvement of systems and ships hull Modifications requiring dry-docking
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
FUEL CONSUMPTION
Step 3 Step 2
Thank You!