Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class

Bending moment resistance

Page 1 of 7

Example 4.3. Bending moment resistance of welded hollow

section with outstands. Class 2 cross section

Half bottom flange b := 66 mm

h := 99 mm

Flange thickness

d := 15 mm

Web thickness

w := 18 mm

Bottom flange t.

t := 18 mm

Width of HAZ

M1 := 1.1

HAZ reduction

MPa 10 Pa
( c b)

( c b) + h
hz :=

o := 0 mm

bhaz

bz := c

Type of element
- Internal element: T = 0
- Outstand:
T>0

bhaz := 30 mm

c
d

Section dept

c := 96 mm

Half hollow width

bhaz

( c b) + h

1 2 3

14
13

4 5 6
8

15

Table 3.2b

fo := 200 MPa

Buckling class

BC := "A"

o.haz := 0.58

12

9
10
w
11

Material EN-AW 6005A-T6, 10 < t < 25 mm

a := 150 mm

Half top flange

Nodes, co-ordinates (y, z), thickness (t) and types (T)

0
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
i := y :=
8
9

10
11

12
13
14

15

c bhaz

c + bhaz

c bhaz
c

c + bhaz

bz

0.5 ( c + b )

0.5 ( c + b )
bz

o
o

o
o

o
o
o

z :=
t :=
o
hz

0.5 h
h

h
0.5 h
hz

The beam is composed of two extrusions a channel section and a plate MIG welded
together.
Annex J.4
Nodes

i := 1 .. rows( y) 1

o
d

d
d

d
d
d

d
o
w

w
w

t
w
w

w

0
1

1
0

0
0
1

1
T :=
0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0

rows( y) = 16

T Hglund

) (

This solution of the example is

comprehensive because:
1. Calculations are shown in every
detail
2. It covers all classes of cross
section
3. The possibility to increase the
effective thickness for elements
not fully stressed is shown. The
iteration procedure is then
mandatory. However, in this
example, the result is almost
exactly the same as if a simplified
method was used, that's because
there is no reduction of the web
thickness due to local buckling.

45.33

Area of cross
2
2 97.67

section
dA := t y y
+ z z
150
i
i
i
i

1
i
i

elements

Comments:
Node 10 and 13
indicate shift in neutral axis.
Element 1-2, 2-3, 4-5, 5-6, 8-9
and 14-15 define HAZs.

aluMATTER

100

50

50

100

150

2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class
Cross
section
area

First
moment
of area
Gravity centre

Second
moment
of area

Elastic section
modulus
Torsion
constant for
open parts

Bending moment resistance

rows( y) 1

A :=

dA

tg := t

i= 1

A = 1.06 10 mm

rows( y) 1

(i

z +z

S y :=

i 1

i= 1

rows( y) 1

Iy :=

i= 1

dA

zgc :=

z 2 + z 2 + z z i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

rows( y) 1

(ti)
dA
i

i= 1

( )

z2

z5

zh := z11 zh =
z
12
z
15

if t > 0 ,
i

i= 1
2
4 Atu

max( z zgc)

Iy

min ( z zgc)

Wel = 3.172 10 mm

t1

t4

th := t11 th =
t
12
t
14

0

99 mm
99

0
0

)(zh + zh )

i 1

( yh yh ) + (zh zh )
2

i 1

15
15

18 mm
18

18

i 1

th

i 1

, 10

22

Dn = 31.627

It = 3.253 10 mm

Dn

It = 3.353 10 mm

Wv := 2 Atu min ( th)

Atu = 1.604 10 mm

Torsion constant
It := It + Itu
whole section
Torsion
resistance

( )

Itu = 9.963 10 mm

0.5 yh yh

rows yh 1

Iy

i= 1

Torsion constant
It :=
for closed part

Iy = 1.885 10 mm

rows yh 1

Dn :=

Iy := Iy A zgc
Iy.gr := Iy

Sum of l/t

zgc.gr := zgc

Atu :=

Sy

dA

Wel := if max( z zgc) > min ( z zgc) ,

Itu :=

zgc = 39.581 mm

Hollow part, (nodes 2, 5, 11, 12 and 15)

y2

96
y5
96


yh := y11 yh = 66 mm
y
66
12

96
y
15
Area within
mid-line

Page 2 of 7

min ( th) = 15 mm

Wv = 4.811 10 mm

zgc = 39.581 mm

Effective cross section.

6.1.4.3 (1)

i := 1

j := 9 .. 11

First iteration
j :=

z zgc
8

11

T Hglund

zgc

aluMATTER

j+4 := j

zd := z zgc
i

maxz := max( zd )
2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class

Bending moment resistance

(6.4 or 6.5)

g := if i > 1 , 0.7 + 0.30 i ,

6.1.4.3 (1) c)

k := 1 .. 2

k :=
l :=

l := 3 .. 5

13

t
5

g := if T > 0 , 1 , g

k + 5 := k

y = 96 mm

y = 150 mm
0

13

y y
2

( y11 y8) + (z11 z8)

2

i := o

fo

Outstand
Figure 6.2

y y t

250 MPa

o :=

1 i
y y 0.5 t

j := if t > 0 , g
11
j

6.1.4.4 (4)

0.8

Page 3 of 7

11

maxz

, 1

= 3.6

j+4 := j

)(

i := if z zgc z zgc , i , 99
i 1
i

zgc

o = 1.118

6.1.5 (2) and Table 6.3

- for internal part

T=0

3.I := 18

C1.I := 29

C2.I := 198

BC = "A"

- for outstand parts T > 1

3.O := 5

C1.O := 9

C2.O := 20

( 6.12)

2
2

i
i
i
i

i
i

c := if T > 0 , if
> 3.O , C1.O
C2.O , 1.0 , if
> 3.I , C1.I
C2.I , 1.0
i
i

i
i
i

i
i
i

teff := c t

Effective
thickness

Heat Affected Zone

Flange

thaz.f := o.haz t

Web

thaz.w := o.haz t
9
n := 2 .. 3

thaz.w = 10.44 mm

(
:= if ( teff

n
9

n
9

teff

mm

teff

teff

Give results in a table

)
> thaz.w , thaz.w , teff )

teff := if teff > thaz.f , thaz.f , teff

teff

Table := augment , g , , , , c ,

:=

thaz.f = 8.7 mm

8 n

(to give in table)

:= teff

:= teff
15
9

teff

mm
6

1.37

2.19

15

1.37

2.19

8.7

Comment:
i was given a large value (99)

11.6

1.37

8.468

8.7

11.6

1.37

8.468

15

for elements entirely on

the tension side

11.6

1.37

8.468

8.7

1.37

2.19

8.7

Table = 7

1.37

2.19

15

1.37

-0.666

0.5

2.874

1.37

2.098

10.44

10 -0.666

0.5

2.874

99

0.029

18

11 -0.666

0.5

2.874

99

0.029

18

99

18

13 -0.666

0.5

2.874

99

0.029

18

14 -0.666

0.5

2.874

99

0.029

18

15 -0.666

0.5

2.874

1.37

2.098

10.44

12

T Hglund

aluMATTER

2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class

Bending moment resistance

Page 4 of 7

Area of effective

thickness
2
2

elements
dA := teff y y
+ z z

i 1

) (i

i 1

rows( y) 1

Cross
section
area

Aeff :=

dA

A = 1.06 10 mm

i= 1

First moment
of area

Aeff = 9.39 10 mm

rows( y) 1

(i

z +z

S y :=

i 1

i= 1

Gravity centre

Effective cross section.

dA

zgc :=

:= zgc + 0.01 mm

:= y

10

z
10

10

11

i := 1

z zgc
8

j :=

j := 9 .. 11

zgc

11

(6.4 or 6.5)

g := if i > 1 , 0.7 + 0.30 i ,

6.1.4.3 (1) c)

k := 1 .. 2

k :=

j := if t > 0 , g
11
j

6.1.4.4 (4)

250 MPa

o :=

fo

Sy

zgc = 43.986 mm

Aeff

Second iteration

Node 10 and 13 is moved to the neutral

axis from the first iteration

6.1.4.3 (1)

0.8

13

13

y y
5

11

:= y

10

maxz := max( zd )

g := if T > 0 , 1 , g

Outstand
Figure 5.2

k + 5 := k

13

:= zgc + 0.01 mm

zd := z zgc

j+4 := j

1 i
y y 0.5 t
2

l :=

l := 3 .. 5

y y t

( y11 y8) + (z11 z8)

2

i := o

11

maxz
zgc

, 1

13

j+4 := j

)(

i := if z zgc z zgc , i , 99
i 1
i

o = 1.118

6.1.5 (2) and Table 6.3

- for internal part

T=0

3.I = 18

C1.I = 29

C2.I = 198

BC = "A"

- for outstand parts T > 1

3.O = 5

C1.O = 9

C2.O = 20

( 6.12)

Effective
thickness

T Hglund

2
2

i
i
i
i

i
i

c := if T > 0 , if
i
i > 3.O , C1.O i C2.O i , 1.0 , if i > 3.I , C1.I i C2.I i , 1.0
i

teff := c t

aluMATTER

2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class

Bending moment resistance

Page 5 of 7

Heat Affected Zone

(
:= if ( teff

)
> thaz.w , thaz.w , teff )

teff := if teff > thaz.f , thaz.f , teff

n

teff

n
9

Table := augment , g , , , , c ,

teff

teff

mm

8 n
15

:= teff

:= teff

mm

1.118

2.683

15

1.118

2.683

8.7

11.6

1.118 10.375

8.7

11.6

1.118 10.375

15

11.6

1.118 10.375

8.7

1.118

2.683

8.7

Table = 7

1.118

2.683

15

1.118

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

10.44

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

18

11

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

18

12

1.118

18

13

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

18

14

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

18

15

-0.8

0.46

2.644

1.118

2.365

10.44

Imax := max( e)

Imax = 10.375

Omax := max( e)

Omax = 2.683

Max slenderness
- Outstands

e := if T > 0 ,
i
i

Cross section
class

classI := if Imax 7 , 1 , if Imax 11 , 2 , if Imax 15 , 3 , 4

, 0

10

e := if T > 0 , 0 ,
i
i

6.1.4.4

teff

Max slenderness
- Internal
elements

for elements entirely on

the tension side

(to give in table)

Comment:
i was given a large value (99)

teff

:=

(
(
(
)))
classO := if ( Omax 2 , 1 , if ( Omax 3 , 2 , if ( Omax 4 , 3 , 4 ) ) )
class := if ( classI > classO , classI , classO)

classI = 2
classO = 2
class = 2

Area of effective
2
2

thickness
dA := teff y y
+ z z

i
i
i

1
i
i

1
i

elements

Area of
effective
cross section
First
moment
of area.
Gravity centre
T Hglund

) (

rows( y) 1

Aeff :=

dA

A = 1.06 10 mm

i= 1

Aeff = 9.39 10 mm
rows( y) 1

S y :=

(i

z +z

i= 1

i 1

dA

zgc :=

aluMATTER

Sy
Aeff

zgc = 43.986 mm

2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class
Second
moment of
area of effective
cross section

rows( y) 1

Iy :=

i= 1

Bending moment resistance

dA

z 2 + z 2 + z z i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

Ieff := Iy Aeff zgc

7

Ieff = 1.716 10 mm

Section
modulus

zd := z zgc
i
i

maxz.eff := max( zd )

Weff :=

Compare
gross
section

zd := z zgc.gr

maxz.gr := max( zd )

Wgr :=

Page 6 of 7

Ieff
maxz.eff
Iy.gr
maxz.gr

Weff = 3.119 10 mm
5

Wgr = 3.172 10 mm

Elastic section modulus for section with reduced thickness in HAZ

Gross thickness

t := tg

Reduced thickness in HAZ

h := 2 .. 3

t := o.haz t
h
h

h+ 3

:= t

t := o.haz t
9
9

15

:= o.haz t
15

( yi yi1) + (zi zi1)

2

A = 1.06 10 mm

rows( y) 1

Area of
effective
cross section

Aele :=

dA

Aele = 9.39 10 mm

i= 1

First
moment
of area.
Gravity centre
Second
moment of
area of effective
cross section

Section
modulus

dA := t

Area

rows( y) 1

(i

z +z

S y :=

i 1

i= 1

zgc.e :=

Sy
Aele

zgc.e = 43.986 mm

rows( y) 1

dA

z 2 + z 2 + z z i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

Iy :=

dA

i= 1

Iele := Iy Aele zgc.e

Iele = 1.716 10 mm
maxz.ele := max( zd )

zd := z zgc.e
i
i

Wele :=

Iele
maxz.ele

Wele = 3.119 10 mm
5

Wel = 3.172 10 mm

Plastic section modulus for section with reduced thickness in HAZ

Area of cross
section

rows( y) 1

Apl :=

i= 1

Cross section
area of upper
part
Move node 10
to plastic
neutral axis

Aup :=

i= 1

10

:= z
9

2
t

10

:= y
5

+t

11
10

11

T Hglund

z = 28.711 mm

Aup

z
y

t y y 2 + z z 2
i ( i i1) ( i i1)

Apl = 9.39 10 mm

t y y 2 + z z 2 + 2 t y y 2 + z z 2
i ( i i1) ( i i1)
9 ( 9 8) ( 9 8)
A

A = 1.06 10 mm

Aup = 4.37 10 mm

13

:= z

10

10

= 54.534 mm

13

y y
5

11

13

:= y

10

aluMATTER

10

= 79.475 mm

2007-09-10

Ec9_ex43_Bending_Trapez_Class

Plastic section
modulus

Bending moment resistance

rows( y) 1

z +z

Wple :=

i 1

i= 1

t
i

Page 7 of 7

( yi yi1) + (zi zi1)

2

Wple = 4.131 10 mm
Wple
Wel

Shape factor
3.I := 18 o

3I :=

(6.27)

Wele
Wel

2.I := 13 o

3.O := 5 o

3.I Imax Wple

3.I 2.I Wele

1 +

3O :=

3I = 1.539

Wel

:= if class < 3 ,

Wel

= 1.302

2.O := 4 o

3.O Omax Wple

3.O 2.O Wele

1 +

3O = 1.812

3 := if ( 3I < 3O , 3I , 3O)
Wple

Wele

3 = 1.539

, if class < 4 , 3 ,

Wel

Weff

= 1.302

class = 2

49

100

200

150

100

50

50

100

Elastic neutral axis:

- first iteration
- second iteration
Plastic neutral axis

150

200

dashed-dotted line
dashed line
dotted line

Bending moment resistance

(6.25)

My.Rd := Wel

fo

M1

My.Rd = 75.1 kN m
Cross section
class

= 1.302

Wel = 3.172 10 mm
3

Aeff = 9.39 10 mm

Wple = 4.131 10 mm
7

Ieff = 1.716 10 mm

class = 2

10

50

110

T Hglund

150

100

50

aluMATTER

50

100

150

2007-09-10