Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Brill
Prof. Thomas C. Goltz
POLS-400 – Middle East Government
2 November 2008
1
"Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi Biography - Poems." http://www.poemofquotes.com/mawlawirumi/
(accessed NOV 02, 2008).
2
Findley,Carter V. The Turks In World History . New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pg 72
3
"Biography: Jalai ed-Din Rumi ." http://www.answers.com/topic/rumi-jalal-al-din (accessed NOV 02,
2008).
4
Denny,Frederick M.. An Introduction to Islam. 3ed. Charlyce J. Owen. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice
Hall, 2005. pg 247
5
Ibid. 249
With Al-Rūmī’s death in 1273, came the emergence of the Mawlawīya (The
Mevlevi Order in native Turkey) in honor of Mawlānā (“our master”) Al-Rūmī, founded
by his son Sultan Walad and one of his leading disciples Hasam Chalabi. The order now
commonly known as the “whirling dervishes” transformed music and dance into the
“highest ritual art.” The ritual is a form of dhikr, “remembrance” of God, and takes place
with a number of dancers wearing elaborate flowing robes dancing around their shaykh
while spinning at the same time. Symbolism in this particular for of dance includes the
shaykh standing as if the sun or the center of the universe with the dancers revolving
around as if they were planets in galactic revolutions. 6
During the Ottoman Empire Al-Rūmī’s poetry retained its importance in Persian
literature allowing the Mawlawīya (Mevlevi) to flourish.7 However, shortly after World
War I, the Sufi dervishes were restricted in Turkey, fearing that such religious
emotionalism associated with the dervishes is not conducive to a secular
society/government, though small groups of Mawlawīs from Konya in recent years have
been able to tour Europe and America performing their ritual dervishes as a spectacle. On
06 September 2007 in recognition of the 800 anniversary of Al-Rūmī’s birthday, mass
Whirling Dervishes were organized in Turkey and Iran,8 showing that there has been a
break from the legal restrictions of practicing whirling dervishes. Today, Al-Rūmī is
remembered as one of the greatest Persian and Sufi mystic poets and an inspirational role
model within the Sufi order with his shrine remaining a prominent place of pilgrimage
throughout all of the Sufi orders.
Work Cited
6
Ibid. 248
7
Findley,Carter V. The Turks In World History . New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Pg 75
8
Kazempour , "800th Anniversary of the Birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi ." SEP 03,
2007.http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-
URL_ID=34694&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (accessed NOV 02, 2008).
Findley,Carter V. The Turks In World History . New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Denny,Frederick M.. An Introduction to Islam. 3 ed. Charlyce J. Owen. New Jersey:
Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.
Kazempour , "800th Anniversary of the Birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi ."
SEP 03, 2007.http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-
URL_ID=34694&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (accessed
NOV 02, 2008).
"Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi Biography - Poems."
http://www.poemofquotes.com/mawlawirumi/ (accessed NOV 02, 2008).
"Biography: Jalai ed-Din Rumi ." http://www.answers.com/topic/rumi-jalal-al-din
(accessed NOV 02, 2008).