Curs Aplicatii Distribuite

CURS DAD
DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE
Cristian TOMA cristian.toma@ie.ase.ro

Departamentul de Informatica Economica
DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

Bucuresti 2009 2010
Structura Disciplinei
Activitate didactica: Curs 50% + Laborator 50% 12 cursuri 12 laboratoare
Modalitate evaluare: Examen scris in curs 13 Misiune: nsuirea elementelor teoretice si practice privind dezvoltarea aplicatiilor distribuite utilizand limbaje evoluate de programare si tehnologii orientate obiect.
Programa Analitica
* Elemente si concepte in dezvoltarea aplicatiilor distribuite Seciunea I Programare orientata obiect in JSE Seciunea II Protocoale de retea programabile in JSE Seciunea III Programare web orientata obiect in JEE Seciunea IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE
Seciunea I Programare orientata obiect in JSE Fundamentele limbajului JAVA
Explicare notiuni elementare JDK, JRE, JVM Compilare in linie de comanda si in mediu NetBeans Conceptele: clasa, obiect, interfata, derivare si polimorfism => late-binding => orice metoda Java este virtuala, orice obiect pointer Mecanismul de clonare si gestiune minimala a erorilor try-catch
Seciunea I Programare orientata obiect in JSE Elemente avansate ale limbajului JAVA Java Generics Java Annotations & Java Reflection Java Collection Framework I/O Stream & Java Libraries Clase si metode de tip factory & Clase Singleton JNI Java Native Interface Procese si Fire de executie Threads
Seciunea II Protocoale de retea programabile in JSE Protocoale programate prin socket Programare in retea Socket & Programare Client-Server
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
RFC 793
UDP User Datagram Protocol

RFC 768
HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol

RFC 2616 1.1 si RFC 1945 1.0
ARP/RARP ICMP LDAP DNS DHCP
FTP File Transport Protocol

RFC 959
Seciunea II Protocoale de retea programabile in JSE Protocoale programate prin socket

SMTP Simple Mail Transport Protocol
RFC 821
POP3 Post Office Protocol

RFC 1939 si RFC 2449
IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol

RFC 1730 si RFC 3501
SNMP Simple Networking Management Protocol

RFC 1157
RMI/RPC Remote Method Invocation / Remote Procedure Call

RFC 1050 si RFC 1057 RFC 2713
Seciunea III Programare web orientata obiect in JEE JAVA Enterprise Edition
JNDI Java Naming Directory Interface XML DOM & SAX optional JDBC Java Database Connectivity optional Java Servlet JSP Java Server Pages & Taglibs Componente Bean & Java Mail Transpunere tehnologie JSP&Servlet in HTTP MVC: Spring
Seciunea IV Programare distribuita in JEE Java Enterprise Edition

Sectiunea IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE RMI Remote Method Invocation Servicii Web SOAP Simple Object Application Protocol Programare orientata pe componente/agenti CORBA Programare sincrona vs asincrona: JMS queues vs topics Componente EJB Enterprise Java Beans
Obiective de indeplinit Elemente ale misiunii

Programare JEE RMI, JNDI si CORBA Java Servlet & JSP Java Beans Java Web Services EJB Elemente de retea TCP & UDP SNMP SMTP, POP3, IMAP4 FTP HTTP Programare orientata obiect in JSE Java Generics & Java Annotations Java Collection Framework I/O Stream & Java Libraries Clase si metode de tip factory & Clase Singleton JNI Java Native Interface Fire de executie Threads Programare in retea Socket Java Reflection
Administrare servere Apache Tomcat 6.0 Glass Fish v2.0 & JBOSS
Obiective de indeplinit Elemente ale misiunii Dezvoltarea aplicatiilor distribuite prin:

Apel proceduri la distanta RMI Servicii Web SOAP CORBA JMS Componente EJB Enterprise Java Beans
Grup tinta al disciplinei DAD Input & Output

Specialisti entry level Dezvoltare aplicatii distribuite Arhitecturi distribuite fiabile
Disciplina Studenti Cunostinte de C Cunostinte de C++ Dezvoltarea Aplicatiilor Distribuite
Specialisti entry level Administrare retea Administrare servere web
Tehnologii preponderent utilizate JSE 40% + JEE 59% + C/C++ 1%
Referinte bibliografice
http://acs.ase.ro
Seciunea I Programare orientata obiect in JSE http://java.sun.com Seciunea II Protocoale de retea programabile in JSE http://java.sun.com RFC 793, RFC 768, RFC 2616, RFC 1945, RFC 959, RFC 821, RFC 1939, RFC 2449, RFC 1730, RFC 3501, RFC 1157, RFC 1050, RFC 1057, RFC 2713 TCP/IP Red Book IBM Press Seciunea III Programare web orientata obiect in JEE http://java.sun.com Seciunea IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE http://java.sun.com
DAD Dezvoltarea Aplicatiilor Distribuite

Mod organizare & F.A.Q
Curs marti sala 2204, ora 16:30 & Laboratoare in 2001 D
1. Trebuie sa invatam la aceasta disciplina? BINEINTELES 2. Trebuie sa ne schimbam mentalitatea prin care profu spune la curs si laborator ceva si noi apoi acasa nu lucram? DESIGUR 3. Cum va fi evaluare la aceasta disciplina? Test grila in sesiune cu secvente de cod NOTA la evaluare este o consecinta, un efect NU ESTE o cauza si un scop 4. Se poate pica la aceasta disciplina? BINEINTELES 5. Cum se invata la aceasta disciplina? Utilizand cursul, laboratorul, materialele bibliografice plus compilatoarele, depanatoarele, modelul de memorie si analiza de trafic => NU TREBUIE invatat pe dinafara Combinand MEMORIA vizuala + auditiva + kinetica + CREATIVITATE, GANDIRE si AUTOINSTRUIRE
Curs 0
Agenda
1. Teoria sistemelor distribuite
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Ce este un sistem distribuit?

Pentru noiunea de sistem distribuit sau sistem de calcul distribuit, exist n literatura de specialitate cteva definiii, mai mult sau mai puin echivalente. Astfel, un sistem distribuit este o colecie de noduri, care pot fi: calculatoare; procesoare; procese autonome
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit

n Tanenbaum definirea este mai restrictiv, considerndu-se c un sistem este distribuit numai dac: existena nodurilor utilizatorul obinuit. autonome este transparent pentru
Intreg ansamblul este o entitate de sine stttoare, ntreaga regie de distribuire trecnd n sarcina nucleelor sistemelor de operare operaionale n noduri. Cu alte cuvinte, utilizatorul unui sistem distribuit nu este contient c exist mai multe procesoare; sistemul arat ca un singur procesor virtual.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Clasificarea sistemelor distribuite

Sisteme distribuite strns conectate strong coupled, n care de regul mai multe procesoare partajeaz aceeai memorie intern i consult acelai ceas mainframes, transputere. Sisteme distribuite slab conectate loose coupled, n care fiecare sistem are propria memorie i propriul lui ceas Fr s existe o acceptarea unanim, sistemele conectate slab sunt identificate cu sistemele distribuite.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit

Deci un sistem distribuit este: o colecie de programe i procese peste o reea de echipamente electronice care coopereaz n rezolvarea anumitor probleme: - n care fiecare nod are autonomie local propiul ceas i propria memorie intern, - iar nodurile n ansamblul lor sunt transparente pentru utilizator n ideea realizrii obiectivului urmrit de sistemul distribuit.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Ce fenomene exista intr-un sistem distribuit?

Cel mai important fenomen este cel de migrare. Fenomenul de migrare se manifest n trei direcii: migrarea datelor; migrarea calculelor; migrarea proceselor.
Programarea distribuit are ca principal obiectiv tratarea distribuirii calculelor.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Avantaje:
Schimbul de informaii. Creterea masiv a cantitii de informaie i necesitatea de a schimba rapid informaii ntre diferitele puncte aflate n locuri geografic deprtate fac necesar conectarea ntre calculatoare autonome. Partajarea resurselor. O organizaie prefer s cumpere mai multe calculatoare mai ieftine i de puteri rezonabile dect s cumpere unul singur, mult mai puternic dar mult mai scump. n acest mod devine necesar interconectarea acestor calculatoare mai mici ntre ele, eventual cu un numr redus de calculatoare mai puternice ale cror resurse (memorie, putere a procesorului, periferice de capaciti mari) s fie partajate ntre acestea. Siguran mrit n funcionare. Dac un sistem de calcul este format dintr-un singur calculator, defectarea acestuia face imposibil utilizarea ntregului sistem, pe cand intr-un sistem distribuit, cderea unui nod nu perturb funcionarea celorlalte, ci acestea preiau sarcinile celui czut.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Avantaje:
Performane mrite. Prezena mai multor procesoare ntr-un sistem distribuit face posibil reducerea timpului de realizare a unui calcul masiv. Acest fapt este posibil prin mprirea sarcinilor ntre diferite procesoare, colectarea ulterioar a rezultatelor pariale i determinarea rezultatului final. Acest procedeu este cunoscut sub numele de paralelizare a calculului.
Specializarea nodurilor. Proiectarea unui sistem de calcul autonom cu mai multe funcionaliti poate s fie foarte dificil i din motive practice. Aceast proiectare poate s fie simplificat prin mprirea sistemului n module, fiecare modul implementnd o parte din funcionaliti i comunicnd cu alte module.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Caracteristici:
suport pentru partajarea resurselor = aceleasi resurse sunt folosite de mai multi utilizatori; deschiderea = sistemul poate fi extins pe diferite ci; concurenta = mai muli utilizatori folosesc aceeai resurs n acelai timp; paralelism = un proces pentru a-i soluiona problema folosete n acelai timp diferite resurse; scalabilitate = sistemul acioneaz efectiv i eficient pe diferite scale (datorit eterogenitatiii resurselor); toleranta la erori = cnd apar accidente sistemul le rezolv bazndu-se pe redundana hardware si acoperirea software; transparenta = gradul de independen ntre componentele sistemului (resurse, utilizatori, etc) la funcionare.
Curs 0
Sistem distribuit
Transparenta:
transparena accesului = obiectele (informaia) locale sau la distan vor fi accesate utiliznd operaii identice; transparena localizrii = obiectele vor fi accesate fr a se cunoate poziia lor n reea; transparena concurenei = mai multe procese pot opera concurenial (n acelai timp), utiliznd obiecte partajate, fr s interfereze ntre ele i fr ca utilizatorul s remarce acest lucru; transparena replicrii = multiple copii ale obiectelor pot fi utilizate pentru creterea performanei, fr ca utilizatorii sau programele de aplicaie s cunoasc replicrile (copiile pe diferite noduri din reea); transparena accidentelor = ascunderea erorilor; transparena migrrii = mutarea obiectelor n sistem (informaii, date, calcule, procese) nu trebuie s afecteze operaiile utilizatorilor sau programelor de aplicaie; transparena performanelor = sistemul va fi reconfigurat automat la diferite ncrcri pentru creterea performanelor.
Curs 0
Algoritmi distribuiti
Probleme:
Lipsa cunotinelor despre starea global. n fluxul de control al unui algoritm centralizat deciziile se pot lua n funcie de starea ntregului sistem. Lipsa unui timp global. Evenimentele care constitue executarea unui algoritm centralizat formeaz o mulime total ordonat, relaia de ordine fiind cea natural, conform cu apariia temporal a acestor evenimente. Pseudo-Nedeterminismul. Comportamentul unui program centralizat poate fi descris n funcie de datele de intrare. Pentru acelai set de date de intrare, comportamentul unei aplicaii este identic la rulri diferite (exceptnd cazurile n care se ruleaz programe ce trateaz subiecte din inteligena artificial). La distribuit poate varia nedeterminist viteza de prelucrare, ordinea de tratare a clientilor data de intarzierile de transmisie, etc.
AGENDA Curs 1 SECTIUNEA 1

http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Elemente fundamentale utilizate pentru dezvoltarea unui program Java Linie de comanda + Notepad + JDK/JRE 5.0 si 6.0 Mediu NetBeans 6.5 + NetBeans 6.7 Partea II Clase si obiecte Necesitatea metodei clone Model de memorie
Curs 1
Partea I
Partea I Elemente fundamentale utilizate pentru dezvoltarea unui program Java Ce este o masina virtuala? Trebuie asociata unei masini virtuale o masina de stari? Care sunt avantajele si care sunt dezavantajele? Exemplu program Hello World Compilare linie de comanda cu JDK 5.0 Compilare in NetBeans 6.0.1
Curs 1
Partea II
Partea II Clase si obiecte Ce este o clasa? Ce este un pachet de clase? Ce este un obiect? Cati octeti ocupa un obiect? Necesitatea metodei clone Demo si model de memorie pe clasa certificat
AGENDA Curs 2
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Derivare/Mostenire, Polimorfism, Interface as type in Java, Vectori de obiecte, Null pointer reference Partea II Java Generics
Curs 2
Partea IDerivare/Mostenire/Polimorfism
Partea I Derivare/Mostenire, Polimorfism, Interface as type in Java Polimorfismul abilitatea de a lua mai multe forme se asigura prin: Supra-incarcare metodelor unei clase methods overloading Varianta pura: Mecanism de mostenire/derivare extends is the key word Metodelor virtuale in Java by default Supradefinirea metodelor virtuale Utilizarea obiectelor de tip pointer/referinta in Java by default Interfata contract intre clasa care implementeaza interfata si programatorul in calitate de utilizator al interfetei poate contine: Doar campuri statice Doar prototip de metode statice si non-statice In implementare se utilizeaza cuvant cheie implements Se pot declara obiecte de tip interfata dar nu si instantia
Curs 2
Partea I Derivare/Mostenire, Polimorfism, Interface as type in Java Clasa abstracta o clasa care are cel putin o metoda abstracta poate contine: Macar o metoda abstracta cuvant cheie abstract Poate contine metode statice si non-statice Se pot declara DAR NU se pot instantia obiecte dintr-o clasa abstracta *ATENTIE la: Obiecte si vectori de obiecte + null pointer exception
Curs 2
Partea I Derivare/Mostenire, Polimorfism, Interface as type in Java Care sunt avantajele derivarii si mostenirii? Care sunt avantajele polimorfismului? Ce este o interfata? Ce este o clasa abstracta? Care sunt avantajele si care sunt dezavantajele utilizarii Interface as type?
Exemplu program derivare/mostenire, polimorfism Exemplu program in NetBeans vizual din UML Interfata, Clasa, Derivare, Polimorfism
Curs 2
Partea II Java Generics
Recomandarile pentru denumiril parametrilor sunt: * E - Element (utilizat extensiv in Java Collections Framework) * K - Key * N - Number * T - Type * V - Value * S,U,V etc. - 2nd, 3rd, 4th types
Curs 2
Partea II Java Generics Care sunt avantajele programarii generice? Transforma eroarea din run-time in compile-time Are loc o macroexpandare ca in C/C++ in cadrul programarii generice? NU Unde este utilizata programarea generica? In mod intensiv incepand cu JDK 5.0 si in special in Java Collection Framework ATENTIE de citit din tutoriale java.sun.com Java Generics concepte: Sub-typing, WildCards, Type-Erasure Exemplu program Java Generics Generics1.java si Generics4.java
AGENDA Curs 3
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Java Collection Framework
Combinare de Java Generics + Interface as type
Partea II Java Reflection java.lang.reflect.*; Partea III Java Annotations java.lang.annotation.*;

Exemplu compus Java Reflection + Annotations
Curs 3
Partea I JCF
JCF Java Collection Framework este o ierarhie de clase, clase abstracte si interfete care definesc si implementeaza lucrul cu structuri de date standard: vector, lista stiva/coada, arbore binar de cautare, Hashtable In JCF sunt create interfete, implementari si algoritmi
Lucrul cu JCF presupune lucru cu interfete (interface as type) in loc de lucru cu implementari (cu clase)
Ierarhia de clase este bazata pe: Collection defineste o valoare pentru fiecare element Map defineste cate o pereche de valori, cheie-valoare pentru fiecare element
Curs 3
Partea I JCF
java.util.* <<interface>> Iterable<T>
<<interface>> Collection<E>
<<interface>> Map<K,V>
<<interface>> List<E>
<<interface>> Set<E>
Vector<E>
ArrayList<E>
LinkedList<E>
TreeSet<E>
HashSet<E>
LinkedHashSet<E>
TreeMap<K,V> HashMap<K,V> Hashtable<K,V>
Curs 3
Partea I JCF
1. Lucrul cu JCF presupune lucru cu interfete (interface as type) in loc de lucru cu implementari (cu clase) 2. Traversarea se face cu foreach sau iteratori (partial utilizand clasa Enumeration pentru Vector si Hashtable) a. for(Object o : collection) System.out.println(o); b. for(Iterator<?> it = collection.iterator(); it.hasNext();) System.out.println(it.next()) 3. Ordinea obiectelor in Colectii (inclusiv pentru utilizarea algoritmilor de sortare etc) este data de implementarea metodei compareTo(...) din interfata Comparable<T> sau utilizarea interfetei Comparator<T> prin implementarea metodei compare(...) 4. Pentru optimizare se recomanda pentru structurile de tip hash implementarea metodelor mostenite din Object hashCode() si equals(...)
Curs 3
Partea II Java Reflection
Java Reflection este o tehnica introspectiva utilizata de programe ce necesita abilitati de examinare sau modificare a comportamentului la rulare a claselor din interiorul masinii virtuale Java Java Reflection este o tehnica relativ avansata si trebuie utilizata doar de programatori ce au cunostinte temeinice ale conceptelor fundamentale din limbajului Java. Java Reflection este o tehnica care permite diverselor aplicatii sa execute operatii care altfel ar fi imposibile. Nu exista o tehnica similara in alte limbaje de programare. Microsoft C# este singurul limbaj care a copiat aceasta tehnica.
Curs 3
Partea II
Partea II Java Reflection Exemple pentru plecand de la obiecte si vector de obiecte: Operatorul instanceof Afisarea metodelor unei clase Obtinerea informatiilor despre constructori Obtinerea de informatii despre campurile claselor Invocarea metodelor dupa nume Crearea de noi obiecte Modificarea valorilor din campuri Utilizarea vectorilor in contextul de Java Reflection
Curs 3
Partea II
Partea II Java Reflection In ce tip de aplicatii se poate utiliza Java Reflection? Class Browsers Debuggers Test Tools Care sunt dezavantajele tehnicii Java Reflection? Performanta deoarece se interfereaza la nivel de byte-code, anumite elemente de optimizare ale JVM nu pot fi aplicate Restrictii de securitate aproape imposibil de aplicat la Java Applet Security Manager Module Expunerea elementelor interne ale clase campuri si metode private ce pot genera disfunctionalitati in mod normal nu se recomanda a fi accesate Vom utiliza aceasta tehnica pentru aceasta disciplina? DA exemplu de server FTP DA in combinatie cu adnotarile la EJB 3.0 si Servicii Web
Curs 3
Partea III Java Annotations
Java Annotation is the meta-tags that you will use in your code to give it some life. Exista 2 elemente diferite: annotation type si annotation
Definire adnotare annotation type : public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); } Utilizare adnotare annotation: @MyAnnotation (doSomething="What to do") public void mymethod() { .... }
Curs 3
Trei tipologii de annotation type : 1. Marker nu are elemente interne Exemplu: public @interface MyAnnotation { } Utilizare: @MyAnnotation public void mymethod() { .... } 2. Single Element are un singur element reprezentat de cheie=valoare Exemplu: public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); } Utilizare: @MyAnnotation ("What to do") public void mymethod() { .... }
Curs 3
Tipologii de annotation type : 3. Full-Value sau Multi-Value nu are elemente interne Exemplu: public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); int count; String date(); } Utilizare: @MyAnnotation (doSomething="What to do", count=1, date="09-09-2005") public void mymethod() { .... }
Curs 3
Reguli pentru definirea adnotarilor annotation type : 1. Declararea unei adnotari trebuie sa inceapa cu @interface urmat de numele adnotarii. 2. Metodele declarate nu au parametrii. 3. metodele declarate nu au clauze de aruncare exceptii. 4. Tipurile de date ale unei metode sunt: * primitive byte, char, int, float, double, etc. * String * Class * enum * vectori de unul din tipurile enumerate anterior int[], float[], etc.
Curs 3
Exista in JDK 5.0 adnotari simple/predefinite annotation : 1. @Override 2. @Deprecated 3. @SupressWarnings
Curs 3
Exista in JDK 5.0 adnotari de adnotari meta-annotation ce se aplica doar tipurilor de adnotari annotation type : 1. Target @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Target(ElementType.FIELD) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE) @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE) 2. Retention - @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) retinute la nivel cod sursa si sunt ignorate de compilator - @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) retinute la nivel de compilare dar ignorate de VM la run-time - @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) sunt retinute si utilizate doar la run-time 3. Documented @Documented 4. Inherited @Inherited
AGENDA Curs 4
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Java Libraries & IO Streams Partea II Java Native Interfaces JNI
Curs 4
Partea I Librarie Java
Ce este o librarie Java? Cum se creaza o librarie Java? Care sunt avantajele utilizarii librariilor Java? Care sunt dezavantajele utilizarii librariilor Java?
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java
I/O Streams permite lucrul cu interfete, clase abstracte, clase si metode pentru a accesa consola si pentru a citi/scrie din/in dispozitive periferice si retea Package-urile java.io.*; si java.nio.*; Se lucreaza la nivel de octet byte si caracter char = 2 bytes ATENTIE la encodari ISO8859-1, ISO8859-2, UTF16LE si UTF16BE
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java byte level
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java byte level
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java char level
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java char level
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java File
<<interface>> Comparable<File>
<<interface>> DataInput
Object
Object
File
<<interface>> Closeable <<interface>> DataOutput
RandomAccessFile
<<interface>> Serializable
Curs 4
Partea I I/O Streams Java Serializare
Ce se salveaza si se restaureaza in procesul de serializare? Campurile non-statice? Campurile statice? Campurile transiente? Membrii(campuri si metode) privati sau publici? Protototipul si corpul metodelor? Prototipul metodelor?
Curs 4
Partea II Java Native Interface JNI
Care este utilitatea JNI? Cand se recomanda programarea JNI? Care sunt avantajele utilizarii JNI? Care sunt dezavantajele utilizarii JNI?
AGENDA Curs 5
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Exceptii Partea II Design Patterns Singleton classes+Factory methods Partea III Muti-threading Concurenta
Curs 5
Partea I Exceptii Mod de propagare
Curs 5
Partea I Exceptii - Tipuri
Tipuri de exceptii: 1.checked exception (exceptii verificate) = NU trec de compilare. Se poate prevede mecanism de recovery. Musai mecanism try-catch. 2.errors (erori) = trec de compilare DAR nu se poate prevedea functionarea defectuasa (e fizic stricat hard-diskul si la deschiderea de fisier se arunca java.io.IOError). De obicei nu exista mecanism de try-catch. 3.runtime exception (exceptii la rulare) = trec de compilare DAR din cauza logicii de la dezvoltare defectuase rezulta din calcule numitor=0 si mai departe o impartire la 0. Se poate utiliza try-catch, dar mai bine se elimina bug-ul de reuseste ca din calcule sa rezulte numitor=0. 2+3 = unchecked exception
Curs 5
Partea I Exceptii ierarhie de clase
Curs 5
Partea I Exceptii C vs Java
Curs 5
Partea II Clase Singleton & Factory Methods
Care este utilitatea claselor Singleton? Care este modalitatea dezvoltarii a claselor Singleton? Care este utilitatea metodelor factory? Cum se pot dezvolta metode factory?
Curs 5
Partea III Multi-threading
Incrementarea unei variabile este operati atomica? Sunt avantaje/dezavantaje pentru procesare multi-fir pe un procesor? Sunt avantaje/dezavantaje pentru procesare multi-fir pe un multi-procesor? Care este diferenenta intre procesare multi-fir si multi-proces?
Curs 5
Curs 5
Mutexes are used to prevent data inconsistencies due to race conditions. A race condition often occurs when two or more threads need to perform operations on the same memory area, but the results of computations depends on the order in which these operations are performed. Mutexes are used for serializing shared resources. Anytime a global resource is accessed by more than one thread the resource should have a Mutex associated with it. One can apply a mutex to protect a segment of memory ("critical region") from other threads. Mutexes can be applied only to threads in a single process and do not work between processes as do semaphores. In Java Mutex is quite synchronized
Curs 5
Curs 5
Curs 5
Partea III Multi-threading Concurenta
AGENDA Curs 6
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Muti-threading Cooperare/Producator-Consumator Partea II Stiva de protocoale TCP/IP IP, UDP, TCP Partea III Java Socket Partea IV Studiu de caz R1 => IP,UDP,SNMP + ASN1.DER
Curs 6
Partea I Multi-threading - ProducatorConsumator.java
Curs 6
Partea I Multi-threading Cooperare
Curs 6
Curs 6
Curs 6
Partea I Multi-threading
De ce se poate utiliza synchronized la nivel de metoda in mod consistent doar in interiorul claselor care nu sunt derivate din Thread sau nu implementeaza interfata Runnable? Java MUTEX synchronized * poate fi folosit la nivel de metoda daca si numai daca metoda face parte dintr-o clasa care NU este derivata din Thread(implementeaza Runnable) Care e diferenta intre semafor si variabile mutex? Ce obiecte/instante sunt thread-safe? immutable, singleton, normale, finale?
Curs 6 SECTIUNEA 2
Partea II Stiva de protocoale TCP/IP
Curs 6
Partea II Incapsulare + Multiplexare/Demultiplexare
Curs 6
Partea II Multiplexare/Demultiplexare
Curs 6
Partea II IP RFC 791 Submasking+Rutare+NAT
Level Data connection Physical Level
IEEE 802 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet CSMA/CD

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.5 Token Ring
IEEE 802.6 DQDB
WiFi WiMAX
Curs 6
Partea II TCP RFC 793 Orientat Conexiune
Cum realizeaza TCP orientarea pe conexiune?
Curs 6
Partea II TCP RFC 793
Curs 6
Partea II UDP RFC 768 Neorientat Conexiune
Curs 6
Partea III C vs Java Socket UDP
Curs 6
Partea III Java Socket UDP
UDP Server
Curs 6
Partea III Java Socket UDP
UDP Client
Curs 6
Partea III C Socket TCP
import java.net.*;
Curs 6
Partea III Java Socket TCP
TCP Server/Client
Curs 6
TCP Server
Curs 6
TCP Server
Curs 6
TCP Client
Curs 6
TCP Client
Curs 6
Partea IV SNMP RFC 1157
Curs 6
Partea IV ASN.1
Curs 6
Partea IV ASN.1
Curs 6
Partea IV ASN.1 TLV
Curs 6
Partea IV ASN.1 DER TLV
Curs 6
Partea IV ASN.1 - OID
http://www.oid-info.com/cgi-bin/display
Curs 6
1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 ({iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-1(1) sha1-with-rsa-signature(5)})
Curs 6
Curs 6
Curs 6
Curs 6
Curs 6
Curs 6
Pentru o intelegere mai buna se consulta ASN.1
AGENDA Curs 7
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Stiva de protocoale TCP/IP IP, UDP, TCP continuare Partea II Java Socket continuare multi-threading Partea III Studiu de caz R2 => IP,TCP,SMTP + BASE64 Partea IV Studiu de caz R3 => IP, TCP, HTTP+ MIME - seminar
Curs 7
Partea I UDP RFC 768 Neorientat Conexiune
Curs 7
Partea I TCP RFC 793 Orientat Conexiune
Cum realizeaza TCP orientarea pe conexiune?
Curs 7
Partea I TCP RFC 793
Curs 7
Partea II Socket continuare multi-threading
Java Multithreading UDP Client & Server1 Java Real Multithreading UDP Client & Server2 Java Simple Multi-threading TCP Client & Server
Curs 7
Partea II C Socket TCP
Curs 7
Partea III SMTP RFC 2821
Curs 7
Curs 7
Partea III Base64
Base64 encoding is used in practice usually for transport over the network and heterogeneous environments binary code such as pictures or executable code. The techniques is very simple: to transform each 3 bytes values into 4 bytes value in order to avoid to obtain values greater then 127 per byte. For instance, if the scope is to encode the word Man into Base64 encoding then it is encoded as TWFu. Encoded in ASCII (in ISO 8859-1, one value per byte), M, a, n are stored as the bytes 77 (0x4D), 97 (0x61), 110 (0x6E), which are 01001101, 01100001, 01101110 in base 2.
Curs 7
Partea III Base64
Curs 7
Curs 7
Curs 7
Curs 7
Curs 7
Curs 7
Curs 7
Partea IV HTTP Server HTTP
AGENDA Curs 8
http://acs.ase.ro
Partea I Studiu de caz R4 => IP,TCP,HTTP URLConnection Client Partea II Studiu de caz R5 => IP,TCP,FTP
Curs 8
Partea I HTTP RFC 2616
Curs 8
Partea I HTTP RFC 2616
Curs 8
Partea I HTTP URLConnection client
Curs 8
Partea II FTP RFC 959
Curs 8
Partea II FTP RFC 959
Curs 8
Partea II FTP RFC 959 Server FTP
Server.java ServerPI.java ServerDTP.java
Curs 8
Partea II FTP Server FTP
Curs 8
In order to use active mode, the client sends a PORT command, with the IP and port as argument. The format for the IP and port is "h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2". Each field is a decimal representation of 8 bits of the host IP, followed by the chosen data port. For example, the client with an IP of 192.168.0.5, listening on port 5001 for the data connection will send the command "PORT 192,168,0,5,19,137". The port fields should be interpreted as p1256 + p2 = port, or, in this example, 19*256 + 137 = 5001 The FTP client will be TCP server in port 5001 and the FTP server became TCP client from port 20
Curs 8
Curs 8
Curs 8
Curs 8
Curs 8
In passive mode, the FTP server opens a dynamic port (4915265535), sends the FTP client the server's IP address to connect to and the port on which it is listening (a 16 bit value broken into a high and low byte, like explained before) over the control stream and waits for a connection from the FTP client. In this case the FTP client binds the source port of the connection to a dynamic port between 49152 and 65535. To use passive mode, the client sends the PASV command to which the server would reply with something similar to "227 Entering Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,192,52)". The syntax of the IP address and port are the same as for the argument to the PORT command. HERE server port is 49204. In extended passive mode, the FTP server operates exactly the same as passive mode, however it only transmits the port number (not broken into high and low bytes) and the client is to assume that it connects to the same IP address that was originally connected to. Extended passive mode was added by RFC 2428 in September 1998.
Curs 8
Q&A
SNMP www.snmp4j.org SMTP java.mail.*; POP3 IMAP4
Elemente necesare invatarii sectiunii 2 Programarea protocoalelor de retea: Cod sursa JAVA Curs + Seminar http://acs.ase.ro, Standardele si protocoalele de retea RFCs + Cursuri, Analizor de trafic WireShark - http://ism.ase.ro/temp/networking.zip Avem nevoie de SNMP in programarea aplicatiilor distribuite? Avem nevoie de SMTP/POP3/IMAP4 in programarea aplicatiilor distribuite? Avem nevoie de FTP si HTTP? Care sunt avantajele/dezavantajele obtinute din reinventarea rotii cand exista in piata librarii standard sau nonstandard?
Curs 8
Q&A Elemente asimilate din programarea protocoalelor de retea:
Modelul de dezvoltare client/server Schimbul de mesaje cerere/raspuns clientul cere informatii sau servicii iar serverul raspunde Socket orientat pe conexiune si neorientat pe conexiune transfer fiabil vs. nefiabil TCP vs UDP Formatul mesajelor headere si informatie utila overload vs. payload Protocoale si servere cu stare si fara stare stateful vs. stateless Protocoale si schimb de mesaje sincron si asincron apel de functii call-back din retea Securitatea comunicatiei dintre server si client nu este inclusa in acest curs din motive de timp si curricula.
AGENDA Curs 9
http://acs.ase.ro SECTIUNEA III Programare web orientata obiect in JEE
Partea I Tehnologia Java Servlet + Exemple
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet
Sun: Java Servlet technology provides Web developers with a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the functionality of a Web server and for accessing existing business systems. WiKi: Servlets are Java programming language objects that dynamically process requests and construct responses. The Java Servlet API allows a software developer to add dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform. The generated content is commonly HTML, but may be other data such as XML. Serverul web de teste pentru cursul 8 si 9 este Apache Tomcat 6.0.16 http://tomcat.apache.org
Curs 9
* Java Servlets Intro & Development Cycle - Structura de baza Java Servlet - Un Java Servlet care genereaza Plain Text - Compilare si apel Java Servlet - A Simple Servlet Generating HTML
* Processing the Request: Form Data - Introduction (Format, URL-encoding, GET, POST) - Example: Reading Specific Parameters - Example: Making Table of All Parameters
Curs 9
* Procesarea cereri HTTP: HTTP Request Headers - Common Request Headers - Exemplu: Java Servlet pentru afisarea in tabel HTML a Request Headers * Generarea raspunsului HTTP: HTTP Status Codes & HTTP Response Headers - Overview: Status Codes si Response Headers - Setarea Status Codes din Java Servlets - Setarea Response Headers din Java Servlets - Exemplu: refresh la fiecare 3 secunde prin Response Headers * Handling Cookies - Cookies Intro - Java Servlet Cookie API - Exemplu: Set/Get Cookie pentru Internet Explorer & Mozilla * Session Tracking - Session Tracking Overview - Java Servlet Session Tracking API + Exemplu
Curs 9
Curs 9
Curs 9
Curs 9
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet Request Header
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet Request Header
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet Response Codes & Err
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet - Response Codes
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet Response Headers
Curs 9
Partea I Java Servlet Cookie & Session Tracking
Apar foarte multe probleme la protocolul HTTP deoarece este un protocol fara stare "stateless"
Tipic aceste probleme pot fi rezolvate prin: 1. Cookies. Cel mai des mod utilizat pentru stocarea informatiilor la server a masini client. Datele nu circula prin internet ci se stocheaza la serverul de Web. 2. URL Rewriting. La fiecare cerere HTTP se ataseaza la sfarsitul URL-ului un sir de caractere unic generat de fiecare data de serverul web. 3. Hidden form fields. Se pot utiliza taguri de genul: <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="session" VALUE="...">
Curs 9
//create cookie 1 - implicit value in seconds of cookie is within the session Cookie userCookie = new Cookie("CookieGigel", "CucuBau"); response.addCookie(userCookie); //create cookie 2 - is per year Cookie userCookie2 = new Cookie("CookieIon", "IONIONION"); userCookie2.setMaxAge(SECONDS_PER_YEAR); response.addCookie(userCookie2); Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies(); if (cookies != null) { for(int i=0; i<cookies.length; i++) { Cookie cookie = cookies[i]; if ("CookieGigel".equals(cookie.getName())) {
Curs 9
public void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { HttpSession session = request.getSession(true); response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String title = "Show Session"; String heading; Integer accessCount = new Integer(0); if (session.isNew()) { heading = "Welcome, Newcomer"; } else { heading = "Welcome Back"; Integer oldAccessCount =(Integer)session.getAttribute("accessCount"); if (oldAccessCount != null) { accessCount = new Integer(oldAccessCount.intValue() + 1); } } session.setAttribute("accessCount", ""+accessCount);
AGENDA Curs 10
http://acs.ase.ro
SECTIUNEA III Programare web orientata obiect in JEE Partea I Tehnologia JSP Java Server Pages + Taglibs + Exemple
*AJAX si MVC ca Java Struts, Spring, JSF nu fac obiectul acestui curs
SECTIUNEA IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE Partea II Tehnologia JRMI Java Remote Method Invocation + Exemple
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages Necesitatea si arhitectura JSP Ciclul de viata JSP Sinteza sintaxa JSP + Directive + DEMO Variabile predefinite JSP Actiuni predefinite JSP DEMO JSP si JSPX
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages
Necesitatea tehnologiei JSP Cu tehnologia Java Servlet se realiza usor: Preluarea datelor din formular Preluarea header-elor din cererea HTTP Setarea header-elor si a codurilor de stare din raspunsul HTTP Utilizarea cookies si session tracking protocol cu stare Partajarea datelor intre servleti
Cu tehnologia Java Servlet se realiza destul de greu:
Generarea codului HTML utilizant metoda println din clasa PrintWriter Mentenanta codului HTML generat
Curs 10
Idei: Utilizarea codului HTML standard in majoritatea paginilor Intreaga pagina JSP este translatata in Java servlet (o singura data, la primul apel), si servletul generat este invocat de fiecare data pentru fiecare cerere HTTP Exemplu: <!DOCTYPE > <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Order Confirmation</TITLE> <LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="JSP-Styles.css TYPE="text/css"> </HEAD> <BODY> <H2>Order Confirmation</H2> Thanks for ordering <I><%= request.getParameter("title") %></I> </BODY> </HTML>
Curs 10
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages Lifecycle JSP
Curs 10
Exemplu DEMO test01.jsp:
Desi in Java Servlet se poate face orice ce se poate face in JSP (pentru ca JSP este Java Servlet) se recomanda JSP deoarece: Se scrie mai usor cod HTML Se depaneaza si mentine mai usor codul HTML Nu se seteaza variable de mediu si pur si simplu se copiaza in director web
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
VARIABILE OBIECTE predefinite in JSP Pentru a simplifica codul in expresii si scriptlet-uri JSP exista 8 obiecte variabile implicite. 1 request This is the HttpServletRequest associated with the request, and lets you look at the request parameters (via getParameter), the request type (GET, POST, HEAD, etc.), and the incoming HTTP headers (cookies, Referer, etc.). Strictly speaking, request is allowed to be a subclass of ServletRequest other than HttpServletRequest, if the protocol in the request is something other than HTTP. This is almost never done in practice. 2 response This is the HttpServletResponse associated with the response to the client. Note that, since the output stream (see out below) is buffered, it is legal to set HTTP status codes and response headers, even though this is not permitted in regular servlets once any output has been sent to the client.
Curs 10
3 out This is the PrintWriter used to send output to the client. However, in order to make the response object (see the previous section) useful, this is a buffered version of PrintWriter called JspWriter. Note that you can adjust the buffer size, or even turn buffering off, through use of the buffer attribute of the page directive. This was discussed in Section 5. Also note that out is used almost exclusively in scriptlets, since JSP expressions automatically get placed in the output stream, and thus rarely need to refer to out explicitly. 4 session This is the HttpSession object associated with the request. Recall that sessions are created automatically, so this variable is bound even if there was no incoming session reference. The one exception is if you use the session attribute of the page directive (see Section 5) to turn sessions off, in which case attempts to reference the session variable cause errors at the time the JSP page is translated into a servlet.
Curs 10
5 application This is the ServletContext as obtained via getServletConfig().getContext(). 6 config This is the ServletConfig object for this page. 7 pageContext JSP introduced a new class called PageContext to encapsulate use of server-specific features like higher performance JspWriters. The idea is that, if you access them through this class rather than directly, your code will still run on "regular" servlet/JSP engines. It is used also for Java Bean synchronization and session tracking info storage for not allocating more beans for one page session. 8 page This is simply a synonym for this, and is not very useful in Java. It was created as a placeholder for the time when the scripting language could be something other than Java.
Curs 10
ACTIUNI in JSP Actiunile in JSP utilizeaza constructii XML pentru a controla comportamentul unui container de Java Servlet. Utilizand actiunile JSP se pot insera dinamic fisiere, reutiliza componente JavaBeans (inclusiv cele care se conecteaza la baze de date), redirecta utilizatorul catre alte pagini web, sau genera HTML ce contine obiecte Java Applet. jsp:include - Include un fisier in timpul in care pagina este ceruta. jsp:useBean Gaseste sau instantiaza un JavaBean componenta Java. jsp:setProperty Seteaza propietatea unui JavaBean. jsp:getProperty Insereaza propietatea unui JavaBean in raspuns-output. jsp:forward - Redirecteaza o cerere catre o noua pagina. jsp:plugin - Genereaza cod browser-specific care creaza un tag OBJECT sau EMBED pentru aplicatii Java care ruleaza la client Java Applet.
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages DEMO
In JEE: Annotations-Reflection + (Taglibs + Generics + Servlet/JSP) MVC + EJB + JMS + Rules Engine/BPM-BPEL = LOVE
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages DEMO Taglibs
http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/doc/standard-doc/intro.html Using JSTL: JSTL includes a wide variety of tags that fit into discrete functional areas. To reflect this, as well as to give each area its own namespace, JSTL is exposed as multiple tag libraries. The URIs for the libraries are as follows: Core: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core XML: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml Internationalization: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt SQL: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql Functions: http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
Curs 10
Partea I JSP Java Server Pages DEMO Struts MVC
1. Java Struts/Struts 2 2. Java Spring/Spring 2 3. JSF Java Server Faces
Curs 10
Curs 10
1. User clicks on a link in an HTML page. 2. Servlet controller receives the request, looks up mapping information in strutsconfig.xml, and routes to an action. 3. Action makes a call to a Model layer service. 4. Service makes a call to the Data layer (database) and the requested data is returned. 5. Service returns to the action. 6. Action forwards to a View resource (JSP page) 7. Servlet looks up the mapping for the requested resource and forwards to the appropriate JSP page. 8. JSP file is invoked and sent to the browser as HTML. 9. User is presented with a new HTML page in a web browser.
Curs 10
Partea II JRMI Java Remote Method Invocation
SECTIUNEA IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE RMI Overview Java RMI permite programatorilor sa execute functii/metode dintr-o clasa din alta masina virtuala/masina ca si cum ar fi in aceeasi masina virtuala. Local Machine (Client) Remote Machine (Server)
SampleServerInterface remoteObject; int s; s = remoteObject.sum(1,2);
1,2
public int sum(int a,int b) { return a + b; }
System.out.println(s);
Curs 10
Arhitectura RMI
RMI Server trebuie sa-si inregistreze numele si adresa unde ruleaza in Registry bind RMI Client cauta numele si adresa serverului RMI in Registry lookup RMI Stub serializeaza si secventializeaza marshalling parametrii catre RMI Skeleton. RMI Skeleton deserializeaza si desecventieaza parametrii primiti unmarshalling. Apoi RMI Skeleton apeleaza metoda si trimite raspunsul inapoi la RMI Stub prin marshalling.
Curs 10
JRMI Stub & Skeleton

call skeleton
RMI Client
Stub
RMI Server
return
Un client invoca o metoda la distanta dupa ce a obtinut referinta catre obiectul server prin JRMI registry de la server. Apelul metodei este transmis catre JRMI Stub. JRMI Stub este responsabil pentru apelul metodei, transmiterea parametrilor care JRMI Skeleton de la server si preluarea raspunsului de la JCRMI Skeleton de la server JCRMI Stub deschide socket la server, marshaling obiectele serializabile parametrii la server si redirecteaza fluxul de date catre JCRMI Skeleton. JCRMI Skeleton contine o metoda ce primeste apelurile la distanta, unmarshaling obiectele parametrii, si apeleaza implementarea metodei de la JCRMI server
Curs 10
*in fisierul readme.txt: Developing RMI System DEZVOLTARE SERVER JRMI: 1. Definirea interfetei la distanta remote interface 2. Dezvoltarea clasei Java pentru generarea obiectului la distanta JRMI server object prin implementarea interfetei de la pasul 1. 3. Dezvoltarea programului principal server 4. Compilarea fisierelor server si apoi generarea JCRMI Skeleton si JCRMI Stub DEZVOLTARE CLIENT JRMI: 5. Dezvoltarea programului client 6. Copierea fisierelor bytecode JCRMI Stub si interfata la distanta de la server la client 7. Compilarea surselor Java ale clientului alaturi de fisierele de la pasul 6. RULARE SERVER JRMI: 8. Start program JRMI registry. 9. Start program server. RULARE CLIENT JRMI: 10.Start program client
Curs 10
Pas 1: Definirea interfetei la distanta

Remote interface between the client and server objects.
/* SampleServerInterface.java */ import java.rmi.*; public interface SampleServerInterface extends Remote { public int sum(int a,int b) throws RemoteException; }
Curs 10
Partea II JRMI Java Remote Method Invocation Pas 2: Dezvoltarea obiectului la distanta prin dezvoltarea clasei Java si implementarea interfetei
JRMI obiect server este un unicast remote server => derivarea din clasa java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject. JRMI obiect server implementeaza interfata de la pasul 1
/* SampleServerImpl.java */ import java.rmi.*; import java.rmi.server.*; import java.rmi.registry.*; public class SampleServerImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements SampleServerInterface { SampleServerImpl() throws RemoteException { super(); }
Curs 10
Partea II JRMI Java Remote Method Invocation Pas 2: Dezvoltarea obiectului la distanta prin implementarea interfetei
JRMI obiect server implementeaza metodele la distanta din interfata de la pasul 1 /* SampleServerImpl.java */ public int sum(int a,int b) throws RemoteException { return a + b; } }
Curs 10
Pas 3: Dezvoltarea programului principal server

Programul principal JRMI server creaza, instaleaza si utilizeaza RMISecurityManager pentru a-si proteja resursele proprii in timpul comunicatiei cu JRMI clienti si pentru a-si expune doar partile specificate in fisierul java.policy. Programul principal server creaza obiectul server JRMI JRMI server object din clasa creata la pasul 2 si care implementeaza interfata de la pasul 1 Serverul JRMI trebuie sa-si inregistreze obiectul server prin asocierea unui nume in aplicatia JRMI registry bind() sau rebind().
Curs 10
Pas 3: Dezvoltarea programului principal server

/* SampleServerProgMain.java */ public static void main(String args[]) { try { System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager()); //set the security manager //create a local instance of the JRMI server object SampleServerImpl Server = new SampleServerImpl(); //put the local instance in the registry Naming.rebind("rmi://localhost:1099/SAMPLE-SERVER" , Server); ...
Curs 10
Pas 5: Dezvoltarea programului client

Programul principal JRMI client creaza, instaleaza si utilizeaza RMISecurityManager pentru a-si expune catre JRMI server doar partile specificate in fisierul java.policy Pentru ca un obiect client sa invoce o metoda la distanta a unui obiect server JRMI, mai intai trebuie sa obtina o referinta la obiectul server de la distanta. Clientii JRMI primesc referinta obiectului server dupa ce interogheaza aplicatia JRMI registry prin lookup() din clasa java.rmi.Naming. Numele obiectului server JRMI se specifica intr-un URL de forma: (rmi://server_registry_host:port/server_rmi_name)(rmi://127.0.0.1:1099/SAMPLESERVER) Portul predefinit pentru interogarea aplicatiei RMI registry este 1099. Numele specificat in URL server_rmi_name trebuie sa fie acelasi nume pe care l-a utilizat serverul pentru inregistrarea obiectului server RMI in aplicatia RMI registry. In acest examplu, numele este SAMPLE-SERVER Apelul metodei la distanta server se face utilizand un obiect client de tipul clasei interfata (remoteObject).
Pas 5: Dezvoltarea programului client

import java.rmi.*; import java.rmi.server.*; public class SampleClient { public static void main(String[] args) { // set the security manager for the client System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager()); //get the remote object from the registry try { System.out.println("Security Manager loaded"); String url = rmi://localhost:1099/SAMPLE-SERVER"; SampleServerInterface remoteObject = (SampleServer)Naming.lookup(url); System.out.println("Got remote object"); System.out.println(" 1 + 2 = " + remoteObject.sum(1,2) ); } catch (RemoteException exc) { ...
Java Policy File java.policy
Curs 10
In Java, o aplicatie actioneaza in functie de privilegiile cerute de interpretorul java.exe catre sistemul de operare in baza unui fisier de politici de securitate. De obicei este in %JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/security: grant { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; Un exemplu modificat de permisiuni: grant { permission java.io.filePermission d:/*, read, write; permission java.net.SocketPermission somehost.somedomain.com:999,connect; permission java.net.SocketPermission *:102465535,connect,request; permission java.net.SocketPermission *:80,connect; };
Curs 10
Cometarii asupra fisierului Java Policy

1. permite claselor Java sa citeasca si sa scrie fisiere doar in directorul d:/tmp si subdirectoarele sale 2. permite claselor Java sa stabileasca conexiuni de retea cu computerul somehost.somedomain.com catre portul 999 a serverului 3. permite claselor Java sa accepte conexiuni si cereri de la orice computer pe porturile de retea mai mari de 1024 4. permite claselor Java sa stabileasca conexiuni de retea catre orice computer utilizand portul 80 a serverului, oricare ar fi el pentru aplicatii HTTP.
Curs 10
Elemente necesare pentru rularea aplicatiilor JRMI

1. 2. Configurat firewall atat la client cat si la server Configurat fisier java.policy atat la client cat si la server Rulat aplicatiile tinand cont de fisierul de politica de securitate java.policy si de eventuale redimensionari heap a masini virtuale Java Xms1000000000
3.
AGENDA Curs 11
http://acs.ase.ro
SECTIUNEA IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE Partea I Tehnologia CORBA Java IDL + Exemple Partea II Web Services SOAP
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA
OMG created CORBA. CORBA loves JAVA. 1. CORBA Basic Architecture 2. CORBA Basic Flow 3. ORB Object Request Broker 4. GIOP vs IIOP, IOR 5. IDL is CORBA language independency 6. CORBA Services 7. Products SUN Java IDL
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Architecture Client Host Machine Client Object Server Host Machine Remote Object
Stub
Skeleton
ORB
IIOP
ORB
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Architecture
Stubs and Skeletons

Stub lives on client pretends to be remote object Skeleton lives on server receives requests from stub talks to true remote object delivers response to stub Similar with RMI 1.1 in concept
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Architecture
Client request ORB Object Bus response ORB
Server
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Flow without ORB is like RMI Client Virtual Machine Client Server Virtual Machine Remote Object
Stub
Skeleton Server
Gigel Name Server Virtual Machine

Copyright 1997 Alex Chaffee
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Flow without ORB is like RMI 1. Server Creates Remote Object Client Virtual Machine 2. Server Registers Remote Object Client Server Virtual Machine Remote Object
1
Stub
Skeleton Server

Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Flow without ORB is like RMI Client Virtual Machine Client Server Virtual Machine
3. Client requests object from Name Server Remote 4. Name Server returns remote reference Object (and stub gets created) Stub Skeleton Server
4

Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Basic Flow without ORB is like RMI Client Virtual Machine Client
5 6 7
Server Virtual Machine Remote Object
Stub
Skeleton Server
5. Client invokes stub method 6. Stub talks to skeleton 7. Skeleton invokes remote object Gigel method Name Server Virtual Machine
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB Conceptual
OMG does not specify exactly where the ORB is in CORBA. Depending on which CORBA implementation (product) is used, the ORB may be:
A set of run-time libraries A server machine/process Part of the operating system (Spring) Part of a web browser (Netscape)
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB in Practice
FEATURES: Object Request Broker - Object Bus Handles all communication among objects Each host (machine) has its own ORB ORBs know how to talk to each other ORB also provides basic services to client RESPONSABILITIES: Find the object implementation for the request Prepare the object implementation to receive the request Communicate the data making up the request Retrieve results of request Note: Theres an ORB on the server too, and ORB receives request ORB is good if Stub and Skeleton are written in different programming language
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB Features
Method invocations
Static and Dynamic Remote objects or CORBA services
High-level language bindings

Use your favorite language; ORB translates
Self-describing
Provides metadata for all objects and services
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB Features
Local or remote
Same API wherever target object lives
Preserves context
Distributed security and transactions
Coexistence with legacy code

Just provide a wrapper object
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB in Practice
What is an ORB really?

Not a separate process Library code that executes in-process Listens to TCP ports for connections
One port per local object
Opens TCP sockets to other objects

N ports per remote machine
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA GIOP and IIOP
The OMG agreed protocol for ORB interoperability is called the General Inter-ORB Protocol (GIOP). GIOP defines the logical data representation and message formats for communication. The OMG defines a realization of GIOP that uses TCP/IP as the transport layer. This specialization is called the Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP).
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA GIOP and IIOP
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA GIOP and IIOP GIOP Messages: Request message contains a complete marshaled invocation request (object reference, name of the method, input parameters) Each request has request ID Reply message contains a marshaled return values and output parameters Reply message has a corresponding request ID of the request message
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
An IOR (Interoperable Object Reference) is managed internally by the interoperating ORBs. An IOR may include: ORB's internal object reference Internet host address Port number It is not necessary for an application programmer to know the structure of an IOR.
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
IOR:000000000000001049444c3a466f7274756e653a312e300000 000001000000000000005e00010000000000186d6179666c792 e73642e6d6f6e6173682e6564752e617500070a000000000036 3a5c6d6179666c792e73642e6d6f6e6173682e6564752e61753 a666f7274756e653a466f7274756e65313a3a49523a466f7274 756e65
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Pseudo-objects
The ORB is a pseudo-object It works just like a remote object, only its local
The Basic Object Adapter (BOA)

Another pseudo-object Helps register objects with the ORB Functions Maintain Implementation Repository Generate and interpret object references Activate and deactivate implementation objects Invoke methods via skeletons
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Why do you need both an ORB and a BOA?

Allows vendors to optimize or enhance functionality register many objects en masse cache object state elsewhere E.g. Object database
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Using the BOA

Slightly different procedure for initializing objects Hides name service from you Ask the BOA to register the object Ask the Helper object to bind the object Once the object is created, interface is identical Just call methods using normal Java syntax
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Object Adapters Portable Object Adapter POA

The POA: Allows the ORB and Objects to communicate Provides many services: Dispatches client calls to server objects Handles incoming client calls Handles registration of servers Instantiatiates objects at runtime and creates and manages object references POA is a BOA Basic Object Adapter
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Invocation
ORB POA Manager POA

POA Architecture
A typical example of the relationship between POA and servants
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA ORB
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA use IDL for independency
Interface Definition Language Defines protocol to access objects Like a contract Well-specified Language-independent
Curs 11
Curs 11
//IDL Sample: module Calc { interface Adder { long add(in long x, in long y); } }
Defines an class called Adder which generates objects with a method called add
Curs 11
IDL vs. Java vs. C++ concepts

IDL module interface Java package C++ namespace
interface abstract class method member function pair of functions
operation
attribute
pair of methods
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA use IDL for independency IDL Modules Map to Java packages Unfortunately, it has the root level name of the module Clutters up your package hierarchy IDL Interfaces Map to Java interfaces IDL Operations Map to Java methods
Curs 11
IDL Attributes
Map to pair of functions like C# do IDL
string name;
Java
public void name(String val); public String name();
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Services
CORBA Services
APIs for low-level, common tasks Life Cycle Service
creating, copying, moving, removing objects
Naming Service
Register objects with a name Look up objects by name
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Services Concurrency Control Service
Obtain and release exclusive locks
Transaction Service
Two-phase commit coordination Supports nested transactions
Persistence Service
Storing objects in a variety of databases RDBMS, OODBMS, file systems
Security Service
Authentication, ACLs, encryption, etc.
Event Service
Uncoupled notifications
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Services
Relationship
Externalization
Query Licensing Properties
Time Trader
Collection
and so on
See what means about CORBA will be never being implemented?
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Products
Remember!
CORBA is a standard by OMG, not an implementation. There are many implementations in Java and C/C++: SUN JDK Java 2 ORB VisiBroker for Java or for C++ Orbacus Orbix Visigenic(freely available), Depending on the particular CORBA implementation, nonstandardized aspects may be different.
Curs 11
Partea I SUN Java IDL
Should be named Java CORBA

More than just IDL Full (?) implementation of CORBA in 100% Java
SUN Java IDL has 3 Parts:

ORB Naming Service COS CORBA Object Service: tnameserv.exe (Non-persistent) & orbd.exe (Persistent) idltojava & javatoidl compiler now: idlj.exe
Ships starting with JDK 1.2
Curs 11
The Java ORB

100% Java Generic Allows Java IDL applications to run either as stand-alone Java applications, or as applets within Java-enabled browsers Uses IIOP
Curs 11
The compiler: Transparent API

JavaIDL turns IDL into direct method calls Easy to program Clients have no knowledge of implementation Highly portable
Curs 11
The compiler idlj: IDL to Java Mapping

Defined by OMG and implemented here by SUN Translates IDL concepts into Java language constructs Everything is accessible by writing normallooking Java code
Curs 11
The compiler idlj: IDL to Java Type Mapping

IDL Type boolean char / wchar octet short / unsigned short long / unsigned long long long / unsigned long long float double string / wstring Java Type boolean char byte short int long float double String
Curs 11
The compiler: idlj or idltojava

Development tool provided by SUN Automatically generates Java stubs, skeletons, helpers, holders, ... from IDL Generates stubs for specific remote interfaces
Curs 11
Stubs Client Side

Java objects call stub methods Stubs communicate with CORBA objects and vice versa Transparent integration
Skeletons Server Side

ORB passes request to skeleton (like a stub) Skeleton calls local implementation
Curs 11
DEMO CORBA Server & Client Remote Interfaces and Stubs

IDL Interface implements implements extends Client Stub Skeleton Remote Object (Server)
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA vs RPC/RMI
Proxy is equivalent to client stub in RPC/RMI; it provides the same object interface as the server object Proxy marshalls method invocations into messages and unmarshall the reply messages Skeleton is like a server stub in RPC/RMI
Curs 11
Partea I CORBA Advanced Architecture
Object Model ORB provides few services through ORB interface Operations to marshall and unmarshall object references Getting object reference to an object implementing a specific CORBA service
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services
1. Web Service Overview 2. XML-RPC 3. Web Service WSDL 4. Web Service SOAP Req & Resp 5. Java Web Service Server Bottom-Up 6. Java Web Service Server Top-Down 7. Java Web Service Client ADB - TopDown
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services Overview
"a software system designed to support interoperable Machine to Machine interaction over a network. (W3C) Remote Procedure Call over HTTP
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services XML-RPC
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services XML-RPC
remote procedure calls using HTTP for transport and XML as encoding XML-RPC message is an HTTP-POST request very simple XML - doesn't use XML namespaces or attributes works only with HTTP
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services Products & WSDL
Web Services Products: Apache AXIS2 for Java course SUN Java-WS integrated in NetBeans 6.0.1 seminar WSDL Concept: WSDL Web Service Definition Language WSDL = XML document that describes a web service WSDL Specifies the location of the service and the operations (or methods) it exposes
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services WSDL
A WSDL describes a web service using the following elements: <binding> contains communication protocols used by the web service <portType> defines the operations that can be performed by a web service, and the messages that are involved <message> defines the in/out messages that are used by the operations methods <types> defines data types used by the messages A WSDL document can also contain extension elements and a <service> element that makes it possible to group together the definitions of several web services .
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services SOAP
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol simple XML based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP defines a format for sending messages allows you to get around firewalls (firewalls and proxy servers normally block RPC traffic) platform and language independent transport Protocols: TCP, HTTP, SMTP, and MQ Message Queues
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services SOAP
A SOAP message is an ordinary XML containing the following elements: <Envelope> which identifies that the XML document is a SOAP message <Header> which contains application specific information about the SOAP message (such as authentication, payment, etc) . <Body> contains the actual SOAP message <Fault> contains eventual error messages
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services SOAP with Attachments
The SOAP messaging protocol allows you to send MIME attachments via SOAP messages. WSDL provides a description of these attachments. SOAP with Attachments API for Java (SAAJ) allows you to do XML messaging from the Java platform The SAAJ API conforms to the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1 and 1.2 specifications and the SOAP with Attachments specification.
Curs 11
The SAAJ API provides the SOAPMessage class to represent a SOAP message. SAAJ API also provides the SOAPPart class that is the container for the SOAP-specific portion of a SOAPMessage object. All messages are required to have a SOAPPart. A SOAPPart object is a MIME part and has the MIME headers Content-Id, Content-Location, and Content-Type
SOAP with no attachments
Curs 11
A SOAP message may include one or more attachment parts in addition to the SOAP part. The SAAJ API provides the AttachmentPart class to represent an attachment part of a SOAP message. An attachment part can contain any kind of content.
SOAP with two attachments
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services - UDDI
an XML-based registry for businesses worldwide to list themselves on the Internet. used in a similar manner to JNDI to register and locate web services is a directory for storing information about web services is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services A Java Architecture
Curs 11
Partea II Creating Web Services - BOTTOM-UP - Server
1. set JAVA_HOME, AXIS2_HOME and CATALINA_HOME and all \bin to Path 2. compile java file: javac -cp . package/ServiceName.java 3. create wsdl file: %AXIS2_HOME%/bin/java2wsdl -cp . -cn package.ServiceName -of ServiceName.wsdl 4. the structure of this service directory will be as follows: - ServiceName - META-INF - services.xml - ServiceName.wsdl - lib - webserv - ServiceName.class
Curs 11
Partea II Creating Web Services - BOTTOM-UP - Server
5. Create service.xml file (set description for service and parameter name) 6. Copy ServiceName directory or ServiceName.aar to: axis2.war/WEBINF/services directory in your Servlet engine 7. start the web server 8. Obtain description of the service: http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/ServiceName?wsdl http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/ServiceName?xsd
Curs 11
Partea II Creating Web Services TOP-DOWN - Server
1. set JAVA_HOME, AXIS2_HOME and CATALINA_HOME and all \bin to Path 2. create WSDL file for service&create the skeleton for the web service using the command: %AXIS2_HOME%/bin/WSDL2Java -uri METAINF/ServiceName.wsdl -p webserv -d adb -s -ss -sd -ssi -o output_directory 3. the following structure of files is generated: - resources - services.xml - ServiceName.wsdl - src - webserv - java files - build.xml
Curs 11
Partea II Creating Web Services TOP-DOWN - Server
4. modify ServiceNameSkeleton.java by adding code to the methods 5. set AXIS2_CASS_PATH and compile java files: javac -cp .;%AXIS2_CLASSPATH% package/*.java set up the directory structure: ServiceName - META-INF - services.xml - ServiceName.wsdl - lib - package - class files - build.xml
Curs 11
Partea II Web Services
7. copy ServiceName directory or ServiceName.aar to: axis2.war/WEBINF/services directory in your servlet engine and start the server 8. Test the service: http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/ServiceName?wsdl http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/ServiceName?xsd
Curs 11
Partea II Create Web Services TOP-DOWN Client
CLIENT types in AXIS 2: Axis2 Databinding Framework (ADB): ADB is probably the simplest method of generating an Axis2 client. In most cases, all of the pertinent classes are created as inner classes of a main stub class. It is not meant to be a full schema binding application, and has difficulty with structures such as XML Schema element extensions and restrictions. XMLBeans: Unlike ADB, XMLBeans is a fully functional schema compiler, so it doesn't carry the same limitations as ADB. It is, however, a bit more complicated to use than ADB. It generates a huge number of files, and the programming model, while being certainly usable, is not as straightforward as ADB.
Curs 11
CLIENT types in AXIS 2:
JiBX: JiBX is a complete databinding framework that actually provides not only WSDL-to-Java conversion, but also Java-to-XML conversion. In some ways, JiBX provides the best of both worlds. JiBX is extremely flexible, enabling you to choose the classes that represent your entities, but it can be complicated to set up. On the other hand, once it is set up, actually using the generated code is as easy as using ADB.
Curs 11
1. Generate client ADB from web service wsdl file using th command: %AXIS2_HOME%/bin/WSDL2Java -uri ServiceName.wsdl -p clientpackage -d adb s 2. compile the stub javac -cp .;%AXIS2_CLASSPATH% clientpackage/ClientStub.java 3. Compile and run the client javac -cp .;%AXIS2_CLASSPATH% clientpackage/Client.java java -cp .;%AXIS2_CLASSPATH% clientpackage/Client.java
AGENDA Curs 12
http://acs.ase.ro
SECTIUNEA IV Programare distribuita orientata pe apeluri la distanta, componente si servicii in JEE
Partea I JMS Java Message Service Partea II EJB Enterprise Java Beans
Curs 12
Partea I JMS API
Curs 12
Partea I JMS Point2Popint vs. Topic
Curs 12
Partea I JMS Synchronous vs. Asynchronous
Sun Message Consumption Types: Messaging products are inherently asynchronous in that no fundamental timing dependency exists between the production and the consumption of a message. However, the JMS Specification uses this term in a more precise sense. Messages can be consumed in either of two ways:
* Synchronously. A subscriber or a receiver explicitly fetches the message from the destination by calling the receive method. The receive method can block until a message arrives or can time out if a message does not arrive within a specified time limit. * Asynchronously. A client can register a message listener with a consumer. A message listener is similar to an event listener. Whenever a message arrives at the destination, the JMS provider delivers the message by calling the listener's onMessage method, which acts on the contents of the message.
Curs 12
Partea I JMS API Programming Model
Curs 12
Partea I JMS Non-Durable vs. Durable Topic Subscription
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Overview and Products
The Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 specifications define an architecture for the development and deployment of transactional, distributed object applications-based, server-side software components. Java Web Servers with EJB Containers:
JBoss RedHat Linux Division Portlet + BPM/BPEL Rules Engine BEA Web Logic purchased by Oracle GlassFish Sun Microsystems purchased by Oracle / IBM lost - Portlet Oracle 9iAS Oracle Apache GERONIMO the only openSource compliant with JEE 5.0 IBM Web Sphere - Portlet
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Container
The Enterprise JavaBeans defines for an a specification architecture transactional, object system
distributed based on
components. The specification mandates a programming model; that is, conventions or protocols
and a set of classes and interfaces which make up the EJB API.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Container
Enterprise beans are software components that run in a special environment called an EJB container.
The EJB container hosts and manages an enterprise bean in the same manner that the Java Web Server hosts a servlet or an HTML browser hosts a Java applet. An enterprise bean cannot function outside of an EJB container.
The EJB container manages every aspect of an enterprise bean at runtimes including remote access to the bean, security, persistence, transactions, concurrency, and access to and pooling of resources.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Interaction with EJB Container
An enterprise bean depends on the container for everything it needs. If an enterprise bean needs to access a JDBC connection or another enterprise bean, it does so through the container; if an enterprise bean needs to access the identity of its caller, obtain a reference to itself, or access properties it does so through the container.
The enterprise bean interacts with its container through 1 of 3 mechanisms EJBContext):
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface ENC Environment Naming Context like: rmiregistry 4 RMI, COS 4 CORBA, UDDI 4 WS Callback Methods EJBContext
(from
JNDI
are
triggered
Callback
methods
or
Curs 12
JNDI ENC
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface is a standard extension to the
Java platform for accessing naming systems like LDAP, NetWare, file systems, etc. Every bean automatically has access to a special naming system called the ENC Environment Naming Context. The ENC is managed by the container and accessed by beans using JNDI. The JNDI ENC allows a bean to access resources like JDBC connections, other enterprise beans, and properties specific to that bean.
Curs 12
Callback Methods
Every bean implements a subtype of the EnterpriseBean interface which defines several methods, called callback methods. Each callback method alerts the bean TO a different event in its lifecycle and the container will invoke these methods to notify the bean when it's about to activate the bean, persist its state to the database, end a transaction, remove the bean from memory, etc. The callback methods give the bean a chance to do some housework immediately before or after some event.
Curs 12
EJBContext
Every bean obtains an EJBContext object, which is a reference directly to the container. The EJBContext interface provides methods for interacting with the container so that that bean can request information about its environment like the identity of its client, the status of a transaction, or to obtain remote references to itself.
The EJBContext could be EntityContext or SessionContext;
Curs 12
Partea II Software Conceptual View of EJB
Curs 12
Partea II Software Conceptual View of EJB
The home interface represents the life-cycle methods of the component (create, destroy, find) while the remote interface represents the business method of the bean. The remote interface extends the javax.ejb.EJBObject. The home interface extends javax.ejb.EJBHome interface. These EJB interface types define a standard set of utility methods and provide common base types for all remote and home interfaces.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB as Distributed Objects RMI/IIOP
Curs 12
Partea II EJB as Distributed Objects RMI/IIOP
The remote and home interfaces are types of Java RMI Remote interfaces. The java.rmi.Remote interface is used by distributed objects to represent the bean in a different address space (process or machine). An enterprise bean is a distributed object.
That means that the bean class is instantiated and lives in the container but it can be accessed by applications that live in other address spaces in other JVMs and other computer machines.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB as Distributed Objects RMI procedure
To make an object instance in one address space available in another requires a little trick involving network sockets. To make the trick work, wrap the instance in a special object called a skeleton that has a network connection to another special object called a stub. The stub implements the remote interface so it looks like a business object. But the stub doesn't contain business logic; it holds a network socket connection to the skeleton. Every time a business method is invoked on the stub's remote interface, the stub sends a network message to the skeleton telling it which method was invoked. When the skeleton receives a network message from the stub, it identifies the method invoked and the arguments, and then invokes the corresponding method on the actual instance. The instance executes the business method and returns the result to the skeleton, which sends it to the stub.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Types in EJB 1.1 and 2.1
EJB Types: 1. Entity EJBs 1.1 CMP Content Managed Persistence 1.2 BMP Bean Managed Persistence 2. Session EJBs 2.1 Stateless 2.2 Stateful 3. Message Driven Beans see JMS and JTA
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Types in EJB 3.0
EJB Types: 1. Session EJBs 1.1 Stateless 1.2 Stateful 2. Message Driven Beans see JMS and JTA
Entity EJBs => are included within Java Persistence API CMP Content Managed Persistence BMP Bean Managed Persistence
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.1 Life-cycle of a Entity Bean
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.1 Life-cycle of a Stateful Session Bean
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.1 Life-cycle of a Stateless Session Bean
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.1 Life-cycle of a Message Driven Bean
Curs 12
Partea II JMS API API Local Transaction vs. EJB distributed Transaction
Sun: Distributed transactions can be either of two kinds: * Container-managed transactions. The EJB container controls the integrity of your transactions without your having to call commit or rollback. Container-managed transactions are recommended for J2EE applications that use the JMS API. You can specify appropriate transaction attributes for your enterprise bean methods. Use the Required transaction attribute to ensure that a method is always part of a transaction. If a transaction is in progress when the method is called, the method will be part of that transaction; if not, a new transaction will be started before the method is called and will be committed when the method returns. * Bean-managed transactions. You can use these in conjunction with the javax.transaction.UserTransaction interface, which provides its own commit and rollback methods that you can use to delimit transaction boundaries.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.x Life-cycle of a Message Driven Bean
Sun: Like a stateless session bean, a message-driven bean can have many interchangeable instances running at the same time. The container can pool these instances to allow streams of messages to be processed concurrently. Concurrency can affect the order in which messages are delivered, so you should write your application to handle messages that arrive out of sequence.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 2.x Exemplu combinat Session+Message Driven
Curs 12
Partea II Entity vs. Session EJB
The remote interface defines business methods. The business methods could be: accessor and mutator methods (get/set) to read and update information about a business concept like in Customer interface => entity bean. tasks that a bean performs - tasks are more typical of a type of bean called a session bean. Session beans do not represent data like entity beans. They represent business processes or agents that perform a service, like making a reservation at a hotel like in HotelClerk interface => session bean.
Curs 12
Partea II Entity vs. Session EJB
Curs 12
Partea II Entity EJB
1. Entity EJBs CustomerHome.java Home interface EJB life-cycle methods.
Customer.java Remote Interface business methods here get/set.
Curs 12
1. Entity EJBs
CustomerBean.java EJB entity class
Curs 12
1. Entity EJBs The entity bean is used to represent data in the database. It provides an object-oriented interface to data that would normally be accessed by the JDBC or some other back-end API. 1.1 CMP Container Managed Persistence the container manages the persistence of the entity bean. Vendor tools are used to map the entity fields to the database and absolutely no database access code is written in the bean class. 1.2 BMP Bean Managed Persistence the entity bean contains database access code (usually JDBC) and is responsible for reading and writing its own state to the database. BMP entities have a lot of help with this since the container will alert the bean as to when it's necessary to make an update or read its state from the database.
Curs 12
Partea II EJB Types
2. Session EJBs Session beans are used to manage the interactions of entity and other session beans, access resources, and generally perform tasks on behalf of the client. Session beans are not persistent business objects as are entity beans. They do not represent data in the database. 2.1 Stateless session beans are made up of business methods that behave like procedures; they operate only on the arguments passed to them when they are invoked. Stateless beans are called "stateless" because they are transient; they do not maintain business state between method invocations. 2.2 Stateful Stateful session beans encapsulate business logic and state specific to a client. Stateful beans are called "stateful" because they do maintain business state between method invocations, held in memory and not persistent.
Curs 12
Partea II Session EJB
2. Session EJBs
HotelClerkHome.java Home interface EJB life-cycle methods. HotelClerk.java Remote Interface business methods here TASKS.
Curs 12
Partea II Session Stateless EJB
2. Session EJBs - Stateless HotelClerkBean.java Stateless Session EJB.
Curs 12
Partea II Session Stateless EJB
2. Session EJBs - Stateless HotelClerkBean.java Stateless Session EJB.
Curs 12
Partea I Session Stateful EJB
2. Session EJBs - Stateful HotelClerkBean.java Stateful Session EJB.
Curs 12
Partea II Session Stateful EJB
2. Session EJBs - Stateful HotelClerkBean.java Stateful Session EJB.
Curs 12
Partea II Deploy EJB 1.1 and 2.1
In EJB JAR file within META-INF/ejb-jar.xml.
Curs 12
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 1.1, 2.1 vs. EJB 3.0
Curs 12
Curs 12
Curs 12
Partea II EJB 1.1 and 2.1 and 3.0
DEMO
Curs 12
RMI vs CORBA vs Web Services vs EJB
RMI vs CORBA vs Web Services vs EJB

Advantages/Disadvantages Architecture Protocols Naming Services
Q &A + Picture Model
EXAMEN
Evaluare grila
EXAMEN
Data: 25.05.2010 (Curs 14) Sala: 2204 Ora: 16.30 Subiecte: Curs si laboratoare 01-13 - inclusiv

Limbă

Curs Aplicatii Distribuite

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Descriere:

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Curs Aplicatii Distribuite

Titlu original:

Încărcat de

Descriere:

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CURS DAD

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Cristian TOMA cristian.toma@ie.ase.ro

DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Seciunea I Programare orientata obiect in JSE Fundamentele limbajului JAVA

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

UDP User Datagram Protocol

HTTP HyperText Transport Protocol

ARP/RARP ICMP LDAP DNS DHCP

FTP File Transport Protocol

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Seciunea II Protocoale de retea programabile in JSE Protocoale programate prin socket

POP3 Post Office Protocol

IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol

SNMP Simple Networking Management Protocol

RMI/RPC Remote Method Invocation / Remote Procedure Call

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Seciunea IV Programare distribuita in JEE Java Enterprise Edition

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Obiective de indeplinit Elemente ale misiunii

Obiective de indeplinit Elemente ale misiunii Dezvoltarea aplicatiilor distribuite prin:

Grup tinta al disciplinei DAD Input & Output

Disciplina Studenti Cunostinte de C Cunostinte de C++ Dezvoltarea Aplicatiilor Distribuite

Specialisti entry level Administrare retea Administrare servere web

Tehnologii preponderent utilizate JSE 40% + JEE 59% + C/C++ 1%

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DAD Dezvoltarea Aplicatiilor Distribuite

1. Teoria sistemelor distribuite

Ce este un sistem distribuit?

Ce este un sistem distribuit?

Clasificarea sistemelor distribuite

Ce este un sistem distribuit?

Ce fenomene exista intr-un sistem distribuit?

Programarea distribuit are ca principal obiectiv tratarea distribuirii calculelor.

AGENDA Curs 1 SECTIUNEA 1

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Partea II Java Reflection java.lang.reflect.*; Partea III Java Annotations java.lang.annotation.*;

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

TreeMap<K,V> HashMap<K,V> Hashtable<K,V>

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

<<interface>> Closeable <<interface>> DataOutput

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

DEZVOLTAREA APLICATIILOR DISTRIBUITE

Partea II Java Reflection java.lang.reflect.; Partea III Java Annotations java.lang.annotation.;