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1. Innate Behaviors
• Natural “reflexive” responses to stimulus
• No learning required; animal can do this at birth with no help
• Crying, breathing, withdrawal from pain, saliva
• More complicated actions are “fixed action patterns”
migrating birds, nest building, spider webs
2. Learned Behavior
• through observing, imitating, thinking, memory, “conditioning”
• learning changes behavior through experience; changes neuron connections in brain
A. Classical Conditioning:
Example: Dog salivates when bell and food are given at the same time. Later, it will salivate
when bell is rung even without food. Food is unconditioned stimulus (natural), the bell is
conditioned stimulus (learned), and saliva is the same, reflexive response.
This type always involves an automatic, reflexive response, and usually explains how some
past experience is affecting current behavior in unexpected ways.
Example: celebrity endorsements connect popularity of the celeb with the product
Phobias: people might be afraid of common items due to some childhood trauma
2. Every time someone flushes a toilet in the house, the shower becomes very
hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, you begin to jump back
automatically when hearing the flush, before the water temperature
changes.
3. Your new car has an annoying bell that chimes if you start the car without
buckling the seat belt. You develop a habit of buckling every time you
drive.
4. Every time a dad drives the family car over a bridge, he jokes to his
toddler about the bridge collapsing. He swerves the car back and forth to
increase the terror. When the child becomes an adult, she avoids all
bridges.
5. Willy and Wanda had a very agonizing, painful breakup-- Willy is totally
“crushed” by the experience. A few years later he meets a hot girl named
Wanda who really likes him, but he won’t go out with her. She doesn’t
understand.
6. A soccer coach tells her team that if they score 3 goals or more, she’ll
give each of them a can of pop.
7. A teacher tells a student, who is frequently tardy, that they will cancel all
their detention time if they come to school on time for 5 days in a row.
8. When J.C. was a kid, he was attacked by a dog that left a scar on his
cheek. Whenever he hears a barking dog, he starts to cry.
9. Students who don’t get 70% for a semester grade get a “5”, and must
repeat biology again next year.
10. Students who do special projects for a teacher get a “Pioneer Perks”
card.
11. When Fido was a puppy, he was regularly beaten by his male owner.
Now he runs and hides whenever he hears a male voice.