INTRODUCTION T h e g e ms a n d j e we l l e r y s e c t o r c a n b e c a t e g o r i z e d i n t o t h e f o l l o wi n g s u b - s e c t o r s b a s e d o n characteristics, processing techniques, preciousness in terms of price range and marketability.

Gemstones- Diamonds and coloured stones (precious, semi-precious and synthetic) Jewellery- Plain Gold, Studded, Silver, Costume Pearls The global market for gems and jewellery today is pegged at US$ 85 billion with key marketshaving registered an average compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5-10 per cent in thelast decade. The global market for Gold is estimated at 3300 tonnes. South Africa is the worlds largest producer of gold, followed by U.S.A and Australia. Together, these countries account for 45 per cent of the worlds total gold production. India is the largest consumer of gold, followed by theU.S.A. In the production of Silver, the Americas have near monopoly - Mexico, Peru and the UnitedStates are the top three silver producing countries. Platinum is an extremely rare precious metal.M o r e t h a n 9 0 p e r c e n t o f a l l p l a t i n u m s u p p l i e s c o me f r o m S o u t h A f r i c a a n d R u s s i a . Wi t h increased economic development, the demand for the metal has grown at a faster pace than it is being mined. The United States is the worlds leading consumer of platinum overall, while Chinahas emerged as the leading consumer of platinum jewellery. jewellery manufacturing is traditionally dominated by players from 3-4 countries. Italy Worlds largest producer of fine Jewellary, with about 8200 factories annually Producing an estimated US$6.4 billion worth. Italys strength lies in plain gold jewellary. Hong Kong/China produces a substantial portion of the world jewellary market China and hong kong are strong in both gold and studded jewellery. Thailand Major global supplier of quality jewellary over the last two decades. Thailands strength is in gemstone jewellary.

United states While a growing number of American manufacturers export their goods around the world, the sheer size of the domestic market keeps a large portion of the goods at home. Over the years, global markets have been impacted by several developments like falling trade barriers, increasing competition, changing customer preferences and developments in technologyin several areas. The global jewellery industry is being transformed by a few key trends such as: Increasing competition among top producing countries. Emergence of different materials different alloys within gold, as well as non-gold jewellery. Emergence of new manufacturing techniques. Requirement of stricter quality norms and hallmarking. In this context, India is fast emerging as a leading destination for jewellery manufacturing in theworld. The following sections discuss Indias gems and jewellery sector in detail with a specificfocus on the following areas: Significance of India within the global gems and jewellery sector The structure and current scenario of the sector in India Indias competitive advantages in the sector Future outlook

Diamond Sector: At present, the diamond manufacturing industry in South Africa comprises 221 licensed diamond manufacturers, DTC mainly supplies rough diamonds to the industry. Besides rough is imported from Belgium and elsewhere. Many manufacturers buy rough locally from Diamdel or from rough dealers, who, in turn, buy from the small "diggings" where competition is intense and prices are high. There are also some non-De Beers (independent) mines which sell their output locally. Development of Technology : South Africa is a leading country in the development of new technology for the diamond cutting industry.

The Master Diamond Cutters' Association counts 80 members employing approximately 95 per cent of the labour in the industry. South Africa, just like India also employs women in the diamond sector. Diamond Bourse: A Diamond Bourse was established in 1987 and it has over 200 members. The operation of the Bourse has proved to be very successful. Regulated Rough Trading: The Diamond Bourse Committee has lately established a rough diamond trading floor also in the premises of the Diamond Bourse. Traditionally, trading in rough diamonds on the open market in South Africa has been conducted in buying offices situated in the producing areas. It is hoped that the establishment of a centralized trading floor will increase the level of activity in this sector of the industry and make more rough available for the local cutting industry. The Industry is regulated by the South African Diamond Board. This Body comprises representatives from the government. De Beers and the industry. The Board's primary function is to administer the Diamonds Act with respect to the licensing of people in the industry, expos of rough and polished diamonds, imports of rough diamonds, the accumulation of statistical information, concluding agreement with producers for the supply of rough diamonds to the local manufacturing industry and related matters. South African law requires that all domestically mined rough must first be offered to local manufacturers, if this isn't done, a rough export duty may be applied. De Beers, for example, semi-annually displays a representative sample of its goods. Manufacturers and government officials then indicate which goods should go into the local market. The sights in South Africa differ from those in London and Lucern. First of all there are no syndicate broker in south Africa; Sightholders deal directly with De Beers. Furthermore, the DTC offers almost exclusively locally mined rough to the south African sightholders. Diamond Valuation: A Government Diamond Valuator examines diamonds mined in the country at the request of the Diamond Board, before exports. The Board uses the valuations to ensure that the correct taxes are paid on all exported diamonds.

Export Subsidies: 'The government provides exporters with an annual export subsidy calculated as a fixed percentage over the total amount of exports. Based on the exporters' balance sheets, they receive a fixed amount in Rands paid annually. Polished diamonds are entitled to a 2.5 per cent subsidy. Precious Metals: South Africa tops in the world production of precious metals like platinum and gold. Of the total world production of platinum, nearly 65% has been coming from South Africa. Yet another platinum mine has been developed some time back. About 50 major and a dozen smaller mines produce more than 30 million troy ounces of gold per year which represents more than two thirds of the world supply. Some silver is also produced in South Africa. The Sights in South Africa differ from those in London and Lucerne. First of all, there are no syndicate brokers in South Africa; Sightholders deal directly with De Beers. Furthermore, the DTC offers almost exclusively locally mined rough to the South African Sightholders. Jewellery Sector: South Africa has a well developed and well organized jewellery sector. The Jewellery Council of South Africa is the umbrella body of the Industry. It comprises 8 Constituent Bodies, each representing a different facet of the industry. The Council plays a diverse role in representing the interests of the industry. Activities include marketing (local and international), representation to Government, organization of trade fairs, seminars and training courses, the operation of Diamond Certification 2 ratory, and the dissemination of information to the industry. SOUTH AFRICA : Diamond, opal, emerald and sugelite The emerald mine started operating in 1995. Quality of emeralds is low to poor. Coloured gemstone mining is small scale. Manufacturing & Retailing: South Africa has a well-established jewellery manufacturing industry within which a wide variety of precious metal jewellery items are produce. From mass production items to individual pieces, the industry is geared to cater to all needs.

The industry is primarily based in the Gauteng and Western Cape regions, however, important manufacturing nodes exist in the Durban/Pietermaritzburg and Bloemfontein areas. The industry comprises some 350 manufacturing concerns. Whilst the predominance of South African manufactured jewellery is for local consumption, the manufacturing sector is now endeavouring to increase its level of exports. The Jewellery Manufacturers' Association and the Cape Jewellery Manufacturers' Association situated in Johannesburg and Cape Town respectively represent the industry. There are more than 3,000 retail jewellers operating in South Africa of which approximately 1,000 are represented by the Jewellers Association of South Africa (JASA). Whilst South Africa has a large 9 kt. gold consumer market, there is also a very strong market for top end, hand crafted pieces made from both 18 kt. yellow and/or white gold as well as platinum jewellery. ). Colored Gems: South Africa produces colored gemstones like emerald, tiger's eye, garnet, malachite, verdite, etc. Exports of emeralds are regulated.

Top Exporters, Importers, and Producers Different regions are rich in different kinds of gems and precious metals. Some of the key producers of gold in the world are China, Australia, the US, Russia, South Africa, Peru, Canada, Ghana, Indonesia, and Uzbekistan. The largest consumers of gold across the globe are India, China, the US, Germany, Turkey, Switzerland, Thailand, Vietnam, Russia and Saudi Arabia. Peru, Mexico China, Australia, Chile, and Russia are some of the key producers of silver. South Africa and Russia are the key platinum producers in the world, and the US and China are the largest consumers of platinum in the world. Some of the top producers in the Gems and Jewellery industry are the US, China, India, South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Peru and Russia. Some of the top importers

in the Gems and Jewellery industry are the US, India, China, South Africa, Hong Kong, Japan, the UK and Belgium. Canada, China, France, South Africa, India, the UK, Belgium, Hong Kong and the UAE are some of the top exporters in Gems and Jewellery industry.

Suppliers of gems and jewels in south Africa lalapanzi Main Products:Sell Tantalite, Tourmaline, gemstones No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million Namibian Hardwood Main Products:Firewood,Kudu horn,Hardwood,Charcoal,Mopani roots No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million classicroughgems Main Products:roughgemstones Masinire Resources Main Products:GEMSTONES ( rough -uncut ),Aquamarine (all colours ),Tourmaline (all colours ),Cat's Eye,Corrundums (ruby and sapphire ),citrine,amethyst,euclase,... No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Mgnt. Certification:ISO 9001:2008 Annual Sales Vol:US$2.5 Million - US$5 Million MLE Main Products:Green Jade,Lavenderite,Manganese ore,Chrome,Tigers Eye,Granite,Legal Services,Credit Check,Mining contract,International Contract Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million Leading Edsge 63 CC Main Products:Liquor No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million Emikon Center( Ragolis malt) Main Products:ragolis malt,ragolis water,gemstones No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million SL Designs - Handcrafted Beaded Jewellery Main Products:Handcrafted Beaded Jewellery,Necklaces,Bracelets,Earrings,Watches

AFRICAN BUTTERFLY TRADING CC Main Products:Beaded Hair Clips,Beaded Rings,EzBicytrainer Bikes,Kids Bike,Balance in motion training bikes No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million Matrix Mining (pvt) Ltd. Main Products:Amethyst,Rose Quartz,Tiger Eye,Jasper,Raspeberry Quartz,Howlite,Agate,Aventurine,Amethyst,Unakite,Crystal,Amazonite,Tourmalin e,Aquamarine No.of Employees:51 - 100 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million Private Main Products:Gemstones Shining Future Trading and Projects 38 cc Main Products:Corn and maize,Copper cathode,cooking oil,Scrap Metal,rough diamond No.of Employees:101 - 200 People Mgnt. Certification:HACCP; ISO 9001:2008; Halal, Health Certificate Annual Sales Vol:Above US$100 Million ARTHON DIAMOND DEALER Main Products:other No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Mgnt. Certification:DC FROM AFRICA Main Products:Malachite SOUTHERN REGION MINING Main Products:copper cathodes,AU,Rough uncut Diamond,Used Rails,HMS 1 and 2,Oil,Coal steam,Coking Coal,Mines for sale No.of Employees:501 - 1000 People Annual Sales Vol:US$50 Million - US$100 Million Sunlight-SA

Main Products:Stones SG stones Main Products:black onyx,butter jade,rose quartz,snow quartz,aventurine,green lace jasper,african jade,red jasper,tigers eye,unakite,green quartz,yellow/brown . Makay Investments.CC Main Products:Diamonds,Gemstone,Gold Main Products:diamonds,jewellery,tanzanite,sapphires TOPROCK Gemstones & Minerals Main Products:Natural & Polished Gemstones,Minerals,Crystals,Fossils,Rocks No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million Main Products:Gemstone jewellery,Keyrings,Gemstone chakra set Emikon Center Main Products:Ragolis malt,still water,soaps,ladies pads,used computers
Pyramid Gems
Main Products:Gemstone jewellery,Keyrings,Gemstone chakra set

Borikga Diamond Traders Cc

Main Products:Diamonds,Diamond Agent No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Mgnt. Certification:ISO 9001:2000

kari trading
Main Products:Semi-precious jewellery No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

Marcus Group of Company

Main Products:Gold,Diamond,Raw Golds,Raw Diamonds,Decorated Gold and Diamonds

Ndoro's Gemstones
Main Products:rough,blue,sapphire

Africa 2 Asia Mining Property (Pty) Ltd

Main Products:Tanzanite,Tantalite,Wine

No.of Employees:5 - 10 People

JVH Ventures
Main Products:Gem Stones,Tiger eyes

RIZARITE INTERNATIONAL cc
Main Products:Coke,Juice,Feedstuff

Limbola suupliers and distributors

Main Products:Soybean oil,Olive oil,Sun flower oil,Olive oil,Yellow corn,Beans,Natural pure honey,Copy paper,Cashew Nuts,Palm oil No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Mgnt. Certification:ISO 9001:2000

Private
Main Products:rough gemstones,Sugilite,Rose quartz,Tiger Eye,Carneliian,Fluorite,Jasper

GroBig International
Main Products:Gemstones,Jewellery,Semi- Precious,Silver,Gold,Jewelry,Sapphire,Ruby,Amethyst,Peridot No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

gemstones
Main Products:sapphire,diamonds,gold,silver,gems

onwardgemstones Inter cc
Main Products:GEMSTONES

Maria s Gems & Jewellery

Main Products:Gemstones

AFRICAN GEMSTONEs LLT

Main Products:gemstone

Abssy Business & Management Consultancy

Main Products:cutting, polishing,

Monaisa Diamond Trading cc

Main Products:Rough Diamond, agency services, Opal, Saphire, Emerald, No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:Above US$100 Million

Topstones

main Products:Tumble polished Gemstones, Rough Gemstones No.of Employees:51 - 100 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million

J'aime Boutique Jewelry

Main Products:Jewelry,

Lady K
main Products:gemstones, semi prescious cut gemstones No.of Employees:5 - 10 People

SILVER SOLUTION 2032 CLOSE CORPORATION

Main Products:Freshwater & Seawater Pearl Jewellery,Sterling Silver Jewellery,Maritime Stones Jewellery,Sterling Silver Jewellery,Leather Bags & Wallets No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

DNL Marketing (Pty) Ltd

Main Products:Unpolished Gemstones, , Blue Corundum $200 / KG, Sapphire (Yellow) $150 / G, Sapphire (Blue) $350- $500 / G, Rhodolite $4 / G (For Stones Weighing ...

Stefs Crystals
Main Products:Crystals On Leather Band, Crystal Pendulums, Semi Precious Stone Necklaces, African Copper Discs On Leather Thong

Silvermoon Gems
Main Products:Gemstone cutters and dealers in rough and cut gemstones No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

GRASHOEK BOERDERY
Main Products:ROUGH TIGER EYE,ALL GRADES

naaag
Main Products:rough diamond

Michaels
Main Products:Esoteric gifts,crystals,incense,herbs & spice,exclusive gifts

Son Seekers CC
Main Products:Tanzanite, Amethyst, Quartz Crystal,

Wisdom Age Trading Enterprise

Main Products:Solid Minerals,Copper Ore,iron ore,Zinc Ore,Manganese ore,Lead ore,Tin ore,Nickel Ore,Charcoal,Molybdenum ore,Niobium Ore,Muscovite Mica,Zircon Sand,... No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

BO-MAJAKE DIAMONDS

Main Products:ROUGH DIAMONDS,SEMI PRECIOUS,INDUSTRIALS DIAMONDS

Rift consultant oil ltd

Main Products:sunflower oil,vegetable oil,palm oil,soyabean oil,corn oil

Wildfire Trading
Main Products:Sell: ROUGH DIAMONDS,

none
Main Products:ruby

African Magic Trading

Main Products:FISH,CRYSTALS,GEMSTONES,PROPERTY

Blue River Corporation

Main Products:Gemstones,Diamond Jewelry,Gemstone Jewelry,Exclusive Jewelry,Pearl Jewelry,CZ Jewelry,Silver Jewelry

ROYAL GEMS
Main Products:demantoid,ruby,sapphire,emerald,tourmaline

Dimension Trading
Main Products:food related Items,corn grits,sunflower seeds ,wheat ,wood

ZRG
Main Products:Ajoite,Amethyst,Quartz,Desirite,Dragon Stone No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People

Hart International
Main Products:Iron ore, Manganese ore, Chrome ore, D2 Diesel, Cement, Diamonds, Coal

CrystalsWorldWide Export t/a African Montage

Main Products:Art, Homeware, African artefacts, Pewter silver and glass,

Seven Seasons Trading 45 (Pty) Ltd

Main Products:Gemstones, Jewelry,

Jumuka Resources Limited

Main Products:Gemstones, Mineral Resources,

Msoji Trading
Main Products:Cobult Concentrate, Diesel, Tantilite, Diamonds,

gemstones galore
Main Products:Amethyst, Ruby, Tanzanite No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Mgnt. Certification:ISO 14001:2004; OHSAS 18001 Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

Sujmante Gems & Jewellry CC

Main Products:Amonites, Tyger Eye

Alsogems
Main Products:Unprocessed Gemstones, Tumbled Gemstones, Tumbled And Polished Gemstones No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million

Desert Star

Main Products:Mandarin Garnet Gemstone No.of Employees:51 - 100 People Annual Sales Vol:US$5 Million - US$10 Million

Wolfgang Tomsits Import/Export

Main Products:Agricultural, oil, rebcomasud, marinediesel, jetfoil No.of Employees:Fewer than 5 People Annual Sales Vol:US$50 Million - US$100 Million

Matrix Mining (pty) Ltd.

Main Products:Rose Quartz(AA Grade & Faceting), Unikite, Shattuchite, Agates, Jaspers, Tigers Eye, Aventurine, Prehnite, Crystal Quartz, Tourmaline, Lepidolite, ... No.of Employees:11 - 50 People Annual Sales Vol:Below US$1 Million

Nutripacks Cc
Main Products:Minerals, metals, foods, curios, tours, fish No.of Employees:5 - 10 People Annual Sales Vol:US$1 Million - US$2.5 Million