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Signed-digit representation
In some systems, while the base is a positive integer, negative digits are allowed. Non-adjacent form is a particular system where the base is b=2. In the balanced ternary system, the base is b=3, and the numerals have the values 1, 0 and +1 (rather than 0, 1 and 2 as in the standard ternary system, or 1, 2 and 3 as in the bijective ternary system).
Negative base
Negative-base systems include negabinary, negaternary and negadecimal; in base b the number of different numerals used is b. All integers, positive and negative, can be represented without a sign.
Complex base
In purely imaginary base bi the b2 numbers from 0 to b2 1 are used as digits. It can be generalized on other complex bases: Complex base systems.
Non-integer base
In these systems, the number of different numerals used clearly cannot be b. Example: Golden ratio base (phinary).
Mixed bases
It is sometimes convenient to consider positional numeral systems where the weights associated with the positions do not form a geometric sequence 1, b, b2, b3, etc., starting from the least significant position, as given in the polynomial form. In a mixed radix system such as the factorial number system, the weights form a sequence where each weight is an integral multiple of the previous one. Other sequences can be used, but then every integer may not have a unique representation. For example, Fibonacci coding uses the digits 0 and 1, weighted according to the Fibonacci sequence (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...); a unique representation of all non-negative integers may be ensured by forbidding consecutive 1's. For calendrical use, the Mayan numeral system was a mixed radix system, since one of its positions represents a multiplication by 18 rather than 20, in order to fit a 360-day calendar. Also, giving an angle in degrees, minutes and seconds (with decimals), or a time in days, hours, minutes and seconds, can be interpreted as mixed radix systems.
External links
Expansions in non-integer bases: the top order and the tail [1]
References
[1] http:/ / arxiv. org/ abs/ math. NT/ 0608263
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/