Phospholipids Lipids

Lipids 2: phospholipids and cholesterol, lipid digestion, lipoprotein types, blood distribution
Phospholipids
Are composed of
Glycerol backbone 2 fatty acids Phosphate

Have a detergent quality Are manufactured in our bodies so they are not required in our diet

Phospholipids

Question
Cholesterol is an essential nutrient and must be consumed in the diet to survive. A. True B. False

Sterols

Functions of Cholesterol
Critical component of cell membranes Can be made de novo in the liver In the diet found only in animal products Serves as a substrate for the synthesis of important hormones
Estrogen, testosterone, vitamin D

Precursor to bile acids

Digestion of Fat in the Stomach

Gastric lipase Activated by an acidic environment Acts on triglycerides containing short- & medium-chain fatty acids

Digestion of Fats and Oils

Digestion of Fat in the Small Intestine

Primary site of fat digestion Hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Stimulates release of pancreatic lipase

Absorption of Fat
95% of dietary fat is absorbed formed into a micelle Diffused into the absorptive cells down a concentration gradient higher to lower Inside absorptive cell long-chain fatty acids re-form into triglycerides not watersoluble Incorporated, along with phospholipids & cholesterol into lipoproteins known as chylomicrons more water-soluble
Enter the lymphatic system and then blood

Fat is broken down

To monoglycerides and free fatty acids

Phospholipids digested by enzymes

Phospholipases also secreted by pancreas

Free cholesterol not affected by digestion

Cholesterol esters hydrolyzed

Fat Absorption

Is fat digestion necessary for absorption?

Orlistat news

Transportation of Absorbed Fatty Acids

Lipoproteins

Chylomicrons deliver lipid load to tissues Lipoprotein lipase

Breaks down triglycerides in the chylomicrons fatty acids diffuse into cells

Chylomicron remnant
Delivered to the liver

Question
The major component of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is cholesterol whereas the major component of high-density lipoprotein is protein. A. True B. False

Composition and Roles of Lipoproteins

pg.192

Transportation of Synthesized Fat

Made primarily by the liver Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Return

Total Blood Cholesterol Value

TC = LDL-C + HDL-C + (TG/5)
TC = total cholesterol LDL-C = LDL cholesterol decrease HDL-C = HDL cholesterol - increase TG=triglyceride which is VLDL cholesterol